基于膜法的火电厂废水零排放技术研究及应用
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摘要
近年来,中国环保新政策对新建火电厂、水源地保护区及西北等富煤少水地区火电厂提出废水零排放需求。文中针对淡水回收率低、产出杂盐副产物无法处置并存在二次污染风险等零排放技术工程化应用的瓶颈问题,开发了以高效防垢的膜法为核心的"一体化预处理+纳滤&新型反渗透+机械式蒸汽再压缩"(Softening&TUF+NF&SCRO/XRO+MVR)的电厂智能资源化废水零排放成套技术,包含3个子系统中的6个核心技术单元,分别实现预处理、分盐浓缩、蒸发结晶的功能。发明了全自动干粉投加耦合管式膜处理技术,集加药、沉淀、过滤一体化,缩短工艺流程,节省投资成本15%～20%;开发了特殊纳滤膜分盐及新型两级反渗透膜协同浓缩技术,研制了高效分盐浓缩系统,将废水浓缩减量85%,解决传统方法中杂盐二次污染的问题,实现了废水零排放和废水废固资源综合利用,淡水产水率高于93%,可获得纯度高于98.6%的NaCl一级工业盐。该零排放成套技术在实际的火电厂工程应用中验证了其高效性和高稳定性,直接运行费用低至32元/t,低于同期投运零排放项目运行费用的1/2,实现了水、盐、泥的资源化利用。
In recent years, the "Zero-Liquid-Discharge" of power plant wastewater has been increasingly important, especially for the power plants settled in the water source protection areas and northwest of China. According to bottlenecks of Zero-Liquid-Discharge technology, like low water production rate, secondary polluted salt-mixture byproducts, a full-membrane Zero-Liquid-Discharge technology was explored for desulfurization wastewater advanced treatment, which followed a novel "Softening & TUF+NF & SCRO/XRO+MVR" treatment route. This route comprises three subsystems and six core technical units, which respectively realize the functions of pretreatment, salt concentration and evaporation crystallization. Innovated automatic dry powder dosing system coupled tubular membrane system to realize the integration of chemical softening, sedimentation and filtration, of that shortened the process flow and saved 15%～20% investment cost; Explored special NF and two-stage RO system to achieve high-efficiency salt-concentration and meanwhile reduce the 85% quantity of wastewater influent. This technology achieved zero emission of wastewater and comprehensive utilization of water and solid waste resources, which accomplished over than 93% freshwater production rate and obtained highly purified NaCl salt. Corresponding Zero-Liquid-Discharge route has been certified its high efficiency and high stability in the full-scale application in Hanchuan Power Plant. The operating cost of system is 32 $/t that of half cost of other Zero-LiquidDischarge full-scale projects.
In recent years, the "Zero-Liquid-Discharge" of power plant wastewater has been increasingly important, especially for the power plants settled in the water source protection areas and northwest of China. According to bottlenecks of Zero-Liquid-Discharge technology, like low water production rate, secondary polluted salt-mixture byproducts, a full-membrane Zero-Liquid-Discharge technology was explored for desulfurization wastewater advanced treatment, which followed a novel "Softening & TUF+NF & SCRO/XRO+MVR" treatment route. This route comprises three subsystems and six core technical units, which respectively realize the functions of pretreatment, salt concentration and evaporation crystallization. Innovated automatic dry powder dosing system coupled tubular membrane system to realize the integration of chemical softening, sedimentation and filtration, of that shortened the process flow and saved 15%～20% investment cost; Explored special NF and two-stage RO system to achieve high-efficiency salt-concentration and meanwhile reduce the 85% quantity of wastewater influent. This technology achieved zero emission of wastewater and comprehensive utilization of water and solid waste resources, which accomplished over than 93% freshwater production rate and obtained highly purified NaCl salt. Corresponding Zero-Liquid-Discharge route has been certified its high efficiency and high stability in the full-scale application in Hanchuan Power Plant. The operating cost of system is 32 $/t that of half cost of other Zero-LiquidDischarge full-scale projects.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国生态环境部．水污染防治行动计划[EB/OL].http://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzli/swrfz/swrfzxdjh/，2015.Ministry of Ecological Environment of the People's Republic of China. Water pollution prevention action plan[EB/OL].http://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzli/swrfz/swrfzxdjh/，2015(in Chinese).
[2]中华人民共和国国务院办公厅．国办关于印发控制污染物排放许可制实施方案的通知[EB/OL]. 2016[2016-11-10]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-11/21/content_5135510.htm.General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China.Notice of the state council on printing and distributing the implementation plan for the control of pollutant discharge permit system[EB/OL]. 2016[2016-11-10]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-11/21/content_5135510.htm(in Chinese).
[3]中华人民共和国生态环境部．关于发布《火电厂污染防治技术政策》的公告[EB/OL].2017[2017-01-11].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201701/t20170117_394809.htm.Ministry of Ecological Environment of the People's Republic of China. Announcement on issuing the“Technical policy for pollution prevention and control of power plants”[EB/OL]. 2017[2017-01-11]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201701/t20170117_394809.htm(in Chinese).
[4]杨建国，耿梓文，袁伟中，等．燃煤烟气脱氯实现脱硫废水零排放技术及其影响[J]．中国电机工程学报，2018,38(9):2657-2664.Yang Jianguo,Geng Ziwen,Yuan Weizhong,et al.The technology of coal-fired flue gas dechlorination for realizing zero-discharge of desulfurization wastewater and its influences on boiler[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(9):2657-2664(in Chinese).
[5]孙振宇，沈明忠．燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放工程案例研究[J]．工业水处理，2018,38(10):102-105.Sun Zhenyu,Shen Mingzhong.Case study on zero discharge engineering of desulphurization wastewater in coal-fired power plants[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2018,38(10):102-105(in Chinese).
[6] US Environmental Protection Agency.Effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the steam electric power generating point source category[R].Final Rule,40 CFR Part 423,2015.
[7] Tong Tiezheng,Elimelech M.The global rise of zero liquid discharge for wastewater management:drivers,technologies,and future directions[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(13):6846-6855.
[8]郑利兵，魏源送，焦赟仪，等．零排放形势下热电厂脱硫废水处理进展及展望[J]．化学工业与工程，2019,36(1):24-37.Zheng Libing,Wei Yuansong,Jiao Yunyi,et al.Status and prospect of zero liquid discharge technologies for flue gas desulfurization wastewater in thermal power plant[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering,2019,36(1):24-37(in Chinese).
[9]施云芬，王旭晖．湿法烟气脱硫废水处理研究进展[J]．工业水处理，2015,35(12):14-17,43.Shi Yunfen,Wang Xuhui.Research progress in the wastewater treatment of wet flue gas desulfurization[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2015,35(12):14-17,43(in Chinese).
[10] Gingerich D B,Grol E,Mauter M S.Fundamental challenges and engineering opportunities in flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment at coal fired power plants[J].Environmental Science:Water Research&Technology,2018,4(7):909-925.
[11]王可辉，王飞，祖坤勇，等．全膜法技术在电厂脱硫废水零排放中的应用[J]．净水技术，2018,37(10):79-83.Wang Kehui,Wang Fei,Zu Kunyong,et al.Application of full membrane technology in zero discharge of desulphurization wastewater treatment in power plant[J].Water Purification Technology,2018,37(10):79-83(in Chinese).
[12] Burbano A,Brankhuber P.Demonstration of membrane zero liquid discharge for drinking water systems:a literature review[M].Alexandria,VA:Water Environment Research Foundation,2012.
[13] Younos T.Environmental issues of desalination[J].Journal of Contemporary Water Research&Education,2005,132(1):11-18.
[14]李玉，张乔，王群．蒸发结晶工艺在火电厂脱硫废水零排放中的应用[J]．水处理技术，2016,42(11):121-122.Li Yu,Zhang Qiao,Wang Qun.Application of evaporative crystallization process in the zero discharge of desulfurization waste water in thermal power plant[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2016,42(11):121-122(in Chinese).
[2]中华人民共和国国务院办公厅．国办关于印发控制污染物排放许可制实施方案的通知[EB/OL]. 2016[2016-11-10]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-11/21/content_5135510.htm.General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China.Notice of the state council on printing and distributing the implementation plan for the control of pollutant discharge permit system[EB/OL]. 2016[2016-11-10]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-11/21/content_5135510.htm(in Chinese).
[3]中华人民共和国生态环境部．关于发布《火电厂污染防治技术政策》的公告[EB/OL].2017[2017-01-11].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201701/t20170117_394809.htm.Ministry of Ecological Environment of the People's Republic of China. Announcement on issuing the“Technical policy for pollution prevention and control of power plants”[EB/OL]. 2017[2017-01-11]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201701/t20170117_394809.htm(in Chinese).
[4]杨建国，耿梓文，袁伟中，等．燃煤烟气脱氯实现脱硫废水零排放技术及其影响[J]．中国电机工程学报，2018,38(9):2657-2664.Yang Jianguo,Geng Ziwen,Yuan Weizhong,et al.The technology of coal-fired flue gas dechlorination for realizing zero-discharge of desulfurization wastewater and its influences on boiler[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(9):2657-2664(in Chinese).
[5]孙振宇，沈明忠．燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放工程案例研究[J]．工业水处理，2018,38(10):102-105.Sun Zhenyu,Shen Mingzhong.Case study on zero discharge engineering of desulphurization wastewater in coal-fired power plants[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2018,38(10):102-105(in Chinese).
[6] US Environmental Protection Agency.Effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the steam electric power generating point source category[R].Final Rule,40 CFR Part 423,2015.
[7] Tong Tiezheng,Elimelech M.The global rise of zero liquid discharge for wastewater management:drivers,technologies,and future directions[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(13):6846-6855.
[8]郑利兵，魏源送，焦赟仪，等．零排放形势下热电厂脱硫废水处理进展及展望[J]．化学工业与工程，2019,36(1):24-37.Zheng Libing,Wei Yuansong,Jiao Yunyi,et al.Status and prospect of zero liquid discharge technologies for flue gas desulfurization wastewater in thermal power plant[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering,2019,36(1):24-37(in Chinese).
[9]施云芬，王旭晖．湿法烟气脱硫废水处理研究进展[J]．工业水处理，2015,35(12):14-17,43.Shi Yunfen,Wang Xuhui.Research progress in the wastewater treatment of wet flue gas desulfurization[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2015,35(12):14-17,43(in Chinese).
[10] Gingerich D B,Grol E,Mauter M S.Fundamental challenges and engineering opportunities in flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment at coal fired power plants[J].Environmental Science:Water Research&Technology,2018,4(7):909-925.
[11]王可辉，王飞，祖坤勇，等．全膜法技术在电厂脱硫废水零排放中的应用[J]．净水技术，2018,37(10):79-83.Wang Kehui,Wang Fei,Zu Kunyong,et al.Application of full membrane technology in zero discharge of desulphurization wastewater treatment in power plant[J].Water Purification Technology,2018,37(10):79-83(in Chinese).
[12] Burbano A,Brankhuber P.Demonstration of membrane zero liquid discharge for drinking water systems:a literature review[M].Alexandria,VA:Water Environment Research Foundation,2012.
[13] Younos T.Environmental issues of desalination[J].Journal of Contemporary Water Research&Education,2005,132(1):11-18.
[14]李玉，张乔，王群．蒸发结晶工艺在火电厂脱硫废水零排放中的应用[J]．水处理技术，2016,42(11):121-122.Li Yu,Zhang Qiao,Wang Qun.Application of evaporative crystallization process in the zero discharge of desulfurization waste water in thermal power plant[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2016,42(11):121-122(in Chinese).
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