HLB-MR反应器直接处理城市污水及回收有机物
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摘要
采用中空纤维超滤膜组件构建了高负荷生物絮凝-膜反应器(HLB-MR),对其直接处理城市污水及回收有机物进行了研究.结果表明:当水力停留时间(HRT)为1.0h,固体停留时间(SRT)为0.2d时,该工艺可回收进水总COD的60.8%,据估算约有39%的进水总COD可通过中温厌氧消化转化为甲烷能源回收,有机物的甲烷转化率为活性污泥法剩余污泥的2倍以上,能实现污水中有机物的高效回收和利用;经过有机物回收后膜出水的COD能稳定保持在30mg/L左右,且出水中氮、磷营养物保有值均较高又不含固体杂质和病原体,可将其用作灌溉用水,实现水资源回用;SRT分别为0.2,0.6,1.0d时,反应器对胶体COD絮凝效率分别为81.9%、95.1%、96.8%,絮凝效率越高,膜污染越轻,良好的生物絮凝效果可有效减轻膜污染,保证工艺的稳定运行.
A high loaded bioflocculation membrane reactor(HLB-MR) was constructed using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module, and its performance for direct treatment and organics recovery of municipal wastewater was investigated. When the HLB-MR operated at the solid retention time(SRT) of 0.2 d and the hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 1.0 h, this process could recover 60.8% of influent total COD(CODTO). It was estimated that about 39% of influent CODTO could be converted to methane for energy recovery by mesophilic anerobic digestion of concentrate, and the methane conversion rate of organics was twice more than that of the residual sludge in the activated sludge process. Thus, HLB-MR could achieve efficient organics recovery and utilization from municipal wastewater. The COD of permeate water from HLB-MR was stable at around 30 mg/L, while phosphorus and nitrogen were largely conserved. Since the permeate water was free from solids and pathogens, which could be used as an excellent source of irrigation water for reuse. When HLB-MR operated under short SRTs of 0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 d, the flocculation efficiency of colloidal COD could reach 81.9%, 95.1% and 96.8%, respectively. The higher flocculation efficiency will lead to the lesser membrane fouling, so that the significant bioflocculation can effectively reduce membrane fouling and ensure stable operation of HLB-MR.
A high loaded bioflocculation membrane reactor(HLB-MR) was constructed using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module, and its performance for direct treatment and organics recovery of municipal wastewater was investigated. When the HLB-MR operated at the solid retention time(SRT) of 0.2 d and the hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 1.0 h, this process could recover 60.8% of influent total COD(CODTO). It was estimated that about 39% of influent CODTO could be converted to methane for energy recovery by mesophilic anerobic digestion of concentrate, and the methane conversion rate of organics was twice more than that of the residual sludge in the activated sludge process. Thus, HLB-MR could achieve efficient organics recovery and utilization from municipal wastewater. The COD of permeate water from HLB-MR was stable at around 30 mg/L, while phosphorus and nitrogen were largely conserved. Since the permeate water was free from solids and pathogens, which could be used as an excellent source of irrigation water for reuse. When HLB-MR operated under short SRTs of 0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 d, the flocculation efficiency of colloidal COD could reach 81.9%, 95.1% and 96.8%, respectively. The higher flocculation efficiency will lead to the lesser membrane fouling, so that the significant bioflocculation can effectively reduce membrane fouling and ensure stable operation of HLB-MR.
引文
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[2]Gude V G.Energy and water autarky of wastewater treatment and power generation systems[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2015,45:52-68.
[3]Sutton P M,Melcer H,Schraa O J,et al.Treating municipal wastewater with the goal of resource recovery[J].Water Science and Technology,2011,63(1):25-31.
[4]Logan B E,Rabaey K.Conversion of wastes into bioelectricity and chemicals by using microbial electrochemical technologies[J].Science,2012,337(6095):686-690.
[5]Lee W S,Chua A,Yeoh H K,et al.A review of the production and applications of waste-derived volatile fatty acids[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,235(1):83-99.
[6]Ravazzini A M,Van Nieuwenhuijzen A F,Van der Graaf J.Direct ultrafiltration of municipal wastewater:comparison between filtration of raw sewage and primary clarifier effluent[J].Desalination,2005,178(1-3):51-62.
[7]Akanyeti I,Temmink H,Remy M,et al.Feasibility of bioflocculation in a high-loaded membrane bioreactor for improved energy recovery from sewage[J].Water Science and Technology,2010,61(6):1433-1439.
[8]Faust L,Temmink H,Zwijnenburg A,et al.High loaded MBRs for organic matter recovery from sewage:effect of solids retention time on bioflocculation and on the role of extracellular polymers[J].Water Research,2014,56(6):258-266.
[9]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第四版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:200-284.State environmental protection administration of china.Monitoring and analytic methods of water and wastewater[M].4th ed.Beijing:Environmental Science Press of China,2002:200-284.
[10]GB18918-2002城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准[S].GB18918-2002 Standard for discharge of pollutants from sewage treatment works in towns and cities[S].
[11]Aiyuk S,Forrez I,van Haandel A,et al.Anaerobic and complementary treatment of domestic sewage in regions with hot climates-A review[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(17):2225-2241.
[12]Shi C Y,Shi C Y.Mass flow and energy efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment plants.[M].IWA Publishing,2011:7-10.
[13]Khiewwijit R,Keesman K J,Rijnaarts H,et al.Volatile fatty acids production from sewage organic matter by combined bioflocculation and anaerobic fermentation.[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,193:150-155.
[14]Qiu G,Ting Y P.Direct phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater via osmotic membrane bioreactor(OMBR)for wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,170(5):221-229.
[15]Ren S T,Li M C,Sun J Y,et al.A novel electrochemical reactor for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,2017,11(4):1-6.
[16]Gong H,Wang Z J,Zhang X,et al.Organics and nitrogen recovery from sewage via membrane-based pre-concentration combined with ion exchange process[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,311:13-19.
[17]程军,张亮,张树军,等.氨氮负荷波动对城市污水短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺硝态氮的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(2):520-525.Cheng J,Zhang L,Zhang S J,et al.The effects of ammonium loading rate fluctuation on nitrateaccumulation in municipal wastewater partial nitritation/anammox(PN/A)process[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(2):520-525.
[18]Terada A,Zhou S,Hosomi M.Presence and detection of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing(anammox)bacteria and appraisal of anammox process for high-strength nitrogenous wastewater treatment:a review[J].Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,2011,13(6):759-781.
[19]Miao Y Y,Zhang L,Li B K,et al.Enhancing ammonium oxidizing bacteria activity was key to single-stage partial nitrification-anammox system treating low-strength sewage under intermittent aeration condition.[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,231:36-44.