溶解氧对HLB-MR反应器内有机物的生物絮凝影响
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摘要
为了研究溶解氧(DO)对高负荷生物絮凝-膜反应器(HLB-MR)内有机物生物絮凝规律的影响,采用平行对比实验,考察了不同DO条件下反应器内有机物的生物絮凝效果、胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、金属阳离子浓度和微生物群落结构.结果表明:DO浓度分别为1～2mg/L和6～8mg/L时,HLB-MR反应器的絮凝效率分别为83%和89%,两反应器内上清液的浊度差别也进一步证实,较高的DO浓度下,反应器的生物絮凝效果更好.DO浓度在6～8mg/L时,HLB-MR反应器内结合态EPS和自由态EPS的含量分别为15.64mg/(g·VSS)和8.71mg/L,两者均显著高于DO为1～2mg/L时的11.83mg/(g·VSS)和6.56mg/L,反应器浓缩液中镁和铝的浓度也均明显高于低DO浓度时所对应的值,这说明在高DO条件下,有更多的EPS与金属阳离子结合而固定在污泥基质中,促进了生物絮凝.高通量测序表明,DO浓度分别为1～2mg/L和6～8mg/L时,HLB-MR反应器内细菌的群落结构差异明显,高DO浓度反应器底泥中Actinobacteria和Saccharibacteria的相对丰度较高,可能对生物絮凝有促进作用.
In order to study the effect of dissolved oxygen(DO) on bioflocculation law of organic matter in high loaded bioflocculation membrane reactor(HLB-MR), parallel contrast experiments were conducted to investigate the bioflocculation effect of organic matter, the content of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS), the concentration of metal cations and the microbial community structure under different DO conditions. When the DO concentrations were at 1～2 mg/L and 6～8 mg/L, the flocculation efficiencies of HLB-MRs were 83% and 89%, respectively. The difference in turbidity of the supernatant in the HLB-MRs further confirmed that the higher DO concentration had induced a better bioflocculation effect. When the DO concentration was at 6～8 mg/L, the content of bound EPS and supernatant EPS in the HLB-MR were 15.64 mg/(g·VSS) and 8.71 mg/L, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than 11.83 mg/(g·VSS) and 6.56 mg/L at 1～2 mg/L of DO concentration, and the concentrations of magnesium and aluminum in the concentrate in the HLB-MR were also significantly higher than those at 1～2 mg/L of DO concentration. Under high DO concentration conditions, more EPS are combined with metal cations to be immobilized in the sludge matrix, which promotes bioflocculation. High-throughput sequencing showed that when the DO concentrations were at 1～2 mg/L and 6～8 mg/L, the community structure of bacteria in the HLB-MRs were significantly different. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Saccharibacteria in the sediment of HLB-MR at higher DO concentration were higher, which might promote bioflocculation.
In order to study the effect of dissolved oxygen(DO) on bioflocculation law of organic matter in high loaded bioflocculation membrane reactor(HLB-MR), parallel contrast experiments were conducted to investigate the bioflocculation effect of organic matter, the content of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS), the concentration of metal cations and the microbial community structure under different DO conditions. When the DO concentrations were at 1～2 mg/L and 6～8 mg/L, the flocculation efficiencies of HLB-MRs were 83% and 89%, respectively. The difference in turbidity of the supernatant in the HLB-MRs further confirmed that the higher DO concentration had induced a better bioflocculation effect. When the DO concentration was at 6～8 mg/L, the content of bound EPS and supernatant EPS in the HLB-MR were 15.64 mg/(g·VSS) and 8.71 mg/L, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than 11.83 mg/(g·VSS) and 6.56 mg/L at 1～2 mg/L of DO concentration, and the concentrations of magnesium and aluminum in the concentrate in the HLB-MR were also significantly higher than those at 1～2 mg/L of DO concentration. Under high DO concentration conditions, more EPS are combined with metal cations to be immobilized in the sludge matrix, which promotes bioflocculation. High-throughput sequencing showed that when the DO concentrations were at 1～2 mg/L and 6～8 mg/L, the community structure of bacteria in the HLB-MRs were significantly different. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Saccharibacteria in the sediment of HLB-MR at higher DO concentration were higher, which might promote bioflocculation.
引文
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[23] Liao B Q, Allen D G, Leppard G G, et al. Interparticle interactions affecting the stability of sludge flocs[J]. Journal of colloid and interface science, 2002,249(2):372-380.
[24] Urbain V, Block J C, Manem J. Bioflocculation in activated sludge:an analytic approach[J]. Water Research, 2011,27(5):829-838.
[25] Wilén B M, Jin B, Lant P. The influence of key chemical constituents in activated sludge on surface and flocculating properties[J]. Water Research, 2003,37(9):2127-2139.
[26] Liu X M, Sheng G P, Yu H Q. DLVO approach to the flocculability of a photosynthetic H2-producing bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2007,41(13):4620-4625.
[27] Sobeck D C, Higgins M J. Examination of three theories for mechanisms of cation-induced bioflocculation[J]. Water Research,2002,36(3):527-538.
[28] Park C. Cations and activated sludge floc structure[D]. Blacksburg:Virginia Tech, 2002.
[29] Wen Y, Zheng W, Yang Y, et al. Influence of Al3+addition on the flocculation and sedimentation of activated sludge:Comparison of single and multiple dosing patterns.[J]. Water Research, 2015,75:201-209.
[30] Bruus J H, Nielsen P H, Keiding K. On the stability of activated sludge flocs with implications to dewatering[J]. Water Research, 1992,26(12):1597-1604.
[31] Zhang T, Shao M F, Ye L. 454Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial diversity of activated sludge from 14sewage treatment plants[J]. Isme Journal, 2012,6(6):1137–1147.
[32] Hu M, Wang X, Wen X, et al. Microbial community structures in different wastewater treatment plants as revealed by 454-pyrosequencing analysis[J]. Bioresource technology, 2012,117:72-79.
[33] Agunbiade M, Pohl C, Ashafa A. A Review of the Application of Biofloccualnts in Wastewater Treatment[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016,25(4):1381–1389.
[2]万立国,林巧,张文华,等.HLB-MR反应器直接处理城市污水及回收有机物[J].中国环境科学, 2019,39(4):1596-1601.WAN Li-guo, LIN Qiao, ZHANG Wen-hua, et al. Direct treatment and organics recovery of municipal wastewater via high loaded bioflocculation membrane reactor[J]. China Environmental Science,2019,39(4):1596-1601.
[3] Guven H, Dereli R K, Ozgun H, et al. Towards sustainable and energy efficient municipal wastewater treatment by up-concentration of organics[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2019,70:145-168.
[4] Yamamura H, Okimoto K, Kimura K, et al. Hydrophilic fraction of natural organic matter causing irreversible fouling of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Water Research, 2014,54:123-136.
[5] Huang H, Lee N, Young T, et al. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure, hollow-fiber membranes:Effects of NOM source and hydrodynamic conditions[J]. Water Research, 2007,41(17):3823-3832.
[6]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2002:200-284.State environmental protection administration of china. Monitoring and analytic methods of water and wastewater[M]. 4th ed. Beijing:Environmental Science Press of China, 2002:200-284.
[7] Lowry O H, Rosebrough N J, Farr A L, et al. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry,1951,193(1):265-275.
[8] Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, et al. Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1956,28(3):350-356.
[9] Dennis K L, Wang Y, Blatner N R, et al. Adenomatous polyps are driven by microbe-instigated focal inflammation and are controlled by IL-10-producing T cells.[J]. Cancer Research, 2013,73(19):5905-5913.
[10] BrittMarie Wilén. The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the structure, size and size distribution of activated sludge[J]. Water Research, 1999,33(2):391-400.
[11] Zhang Y, Allen D G. Strategies for minimizing deflocculation of biosolids due to oxygen disturbances[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2007,55(6):173-180.
[12] Suresh A, Grygolowiczpawlak E, Pathak S, et al. Understanding and optimization of the flocculation process in biological wastewater treatment processes:Areview[J]. Chemosphere, 2018,210:401-416.
[13] Faust L, Temmink H, Zwijnenburg A, et al. Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the bioflocculation process in high loaded MBRs[J].Water Research, 2014,66:199-207.
[14] Rasmussen H, Bruus J H, Keiding K, et al. Observations on dewaterability and physical, chemical and microbiological changes in anaerobically stored activated sludge from a nutrient removal plant[J].Water Research, 1994,28(2):417-425.
[15] Starkey J E, Karr P R. Effect of Low Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Effluent Turbidity[J]. Journal-Water Pollution Control Federation,1984,56(7):837-843.
[16] Wilén B M, Nielsen J L, Keiding K, et al. Influence of microbial activity on the stability of activated sludge flocs[J]. Colloids&Surfaces B Biointerfaces, 2000,18(2):145-156.
[17] Caccavo F, Frolund B, Van Ommen K F, et al. Deflocculation of Activated Sludge by the Dissimilatory Fe(III)-Reducing Bacterium Shewanella alga BrY.[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1996,62(4):1487-1490.
[18] Rasmussen H, Nielsen P H. Iron reduction in activated sludge measured with different extraction techniques[J]. Water Research,1996,30(3):551-558.
[19] Wilén B M, Balmér P. The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the structure, size and size distribution of activated sludge flocs[J].Water Research, 1999,33(2):391-400.
[20] Salehizadeh H, Shojaosadati S A. Extracellular biopolymeric flocculants. Recent trends and biotechnological importance[J].Biotechnology Advances, 2001,19(5):371-385.
[21] Fang H H P, Jia X S. Extraction of extracellular polymer from anaerobic sludges[J]. Biotechnology Techniques, 1996,10(11):803-808.
[22] Eriksson L, Alm B. Study of flocculation mechanisms by observing effects of a complexing agent on activated sludge properties[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1991,24(7):21-28.
[23] Liao B Q, Allen D G, Leppard G G, et al. Interparticle interactions affecting the stability of sludge flocs[J]. Journal of colloid and interface science, 2002,249(2):372-380.
[24] Urbain V, Block J C, Manem J. Bioflocculation in activated sludge:an analytic approach[J]. Water Research, 2011,27(5):829-838.
[25] Wilén B M, Jin B, Lant P. The influence of key chemical constituents in activated sludge on surface and flocculating properties[J]. Water Research, 2003,37(9):2127-2139.
[26] Liu X M, Sheng G P, Yu H Q. DLVO approach to the flocculability of a photosynthetic H2-producing bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2007,41(13):4620-4625.
[27] Sobeck D C, Higgins M J. Examination of three theories for mechanisms of cation-induced bioflocculation[J]. Water Research,2002,36(3):527-538.
[28] Park C. Cations and activated sludge floc structure[D]. Blacksburg:Virginia Tech, 2002.
[29] Wen Y, Zheng W, Yang Y, et al. Influence of Al3+addition on the flocculation and sedimentation of activated sludge:Comparison of single and multiple dosing patterns.[J]. Water Research, 2015,75:201-209.
[30] Bruus J H, Nielsen P H, Keiding K. On the stability of activated sludge flocs with implications to dewatering[J]. Water Research, 1992,26(12):1597-1604.
[31] Zhang T, Shao M F, Ye L. 454Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial diversity of activated sludge from 14sewage treatment plants[J]. Isme Journal, 2012,6(6):1137–1147.
[32] Hu M, Wang X, Wen X, et al. Microbial community structures in different wastewater treatment plants as revealed by 454-pyrosequencing analysis[J]. Bioresource technology, 2012,117:72-79.
[33] Agunbiade M, Pohl C, Ashafa A. A Review of the Application of Biofloccualnts in Wastewater Treatment[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016,25(4):1381–1389.