不同类型企业周边土壤中多环芳烃来源解析与风险评价
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摘要
研究对比了山东省不同类型污染企业周边土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染水平,结果表明:化工、钢铁、焦化企业周边土壤中ΣPAHs范围分别为41.4μg/kg～804μg/kg、1 230μg/kg～1 945μg/kg和776μg/kg～1 299μg/kg,土壤中PAHs成分谱轮廓相似,4～6环PAHs占比普遍高于2～3环。特征比值法源解析表明,PAHs主要来源于煤、焦炉、木材等的不完全燃烧。企业周边土壤PAHs污染与企业产业结构有关,钢铁、焦化、石化等大量消耗化石燃料的企业周边土壤中10种PAHs的毒性当量浓度TEQ_(Bap)超标0.6倍～3.8倍,而高分子化工、精细化工、农药化工等企业周边土壤受PAHs污染较轻,均满足荷兰土壤质量标准。
The pollution of 16 PAHs in soils around different type of enterprises in Shandong province were studied. Results showed that the concentration range of ΣPAHs in soils around chemical enterprise, iron and steel enterprise, coking enterprise and petrochemical enterprise were 41.4 μg/kg～804 μg/kg,1 230 μg/kg～1 945 μg/kg and 776 μg/kg～1 299 μg/kg, respectively. The proportion of PAHs with 4 to 6 rings were more than that with 2 to 3 rings. Results of source apportionment by characteristic ratio method showed that PAHs were mainly from the incomplete combustion of coal, coke and wood, etc. PAHs pollution in soils around the enterprises was related to the industrial structure. The TEQ_(Bap) of 10 PAHs in soils around iron and steel enterprise, coking enterprise and petrochemical enterprise exceeded the standard limit by 0.6～3.8 times. The PAHs pollution was slight in soils around polymer chemical industry, fine chemical industry and pesticide chemical industry, and the concentrations all met Dutch soil quality standard demand.
The pollution of 16 PAHs in soils around different type of enterprises in Shandong province were studied. Results showed that the concentration range of ΣPAHs in soils around chemical enterprise, iron and steel enterprise, coking enterprise and petrochemical enterprise were 41.4 μg/kg～804 μg/kg,1 230 μg/kg～1 945 μg/kg and 776 μg/kg～1 299 μg/kg, respectively. The proportion of PAHs with 4 to 6 rings were more than that with 2 to 3 rings. Results of source apportionment by characteristic ratio method showed that PAHs were mainly from the incomplete combustion of coal, coke and wood, etc. PAHs pollution in soils around the enterprises was related to the industrial structure. The TEQ_(Bap) of 10 PAHs in soils around iron and steel enterprise, coking enterprise and petrochemical enterprise exceeded the standard limit by 0.6～3.8 times. The PAHs pollution was slight in soils around polymer chemical industry, fine chemical industry and pesticide chemical industry, and the concentrations all met Dutch soil quality standard demand.
引文
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[2] 王钊,张俊,许维,等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定河水中的多环芳烃[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016,28(6):41-43.
[3] 张慧,郭文建,朱晨,等.农田土壤中多环芳烃的高效液相色谱法测定[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2016,26(5):66-69.
[4] 徐建平,孙睿华,崔虎雄,等.上海市浦东新区PM2.5中多环芳烃的时空分布与风险评估[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(3):37-40.
[5] TSAI J H,LIN K H,CHEN C Y,et al.Chemical constituents in particulate emissions from an integrated iron and steel facility[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,147:111-119.
[6] 董捷,黄莹,李永霞,等.北方某大型钢铁企业表层土壤中多环芳烃污染特征与健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3540-3546.
[7] KHALILI N R,SCHEFF P A,HOLSEN T M.PAH source fingerprints for coke ovens,diesel and,gasoline engines,highway tunnels,and wood combustion emissions[J].Atmospheric Environment,1995,29(4):533-542.
[8] 李晶,祝琳琳,王男,等.沈阳市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2019,31(1):24-28.
[9] READMAN J W,FILLMANN G,TOLOSA I,et al.Petroleum and PAHs contamination of the Black Sea [J].Marine Pollution Bulletion,2002,44 (1):48-62.
[10] 王学彤,贾英,孙阳昭,等.典型污染区农业土壤中PAHs的分布、来源及生态风险[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(11):2433-2439.
[11] 庄国泰.我国土壤污染现状与防控策略[J].土壤与生态环境安全,2015,30(4):477-483.
[12] 曾晖,吴贤静.法国土壤污染防治法律及其对我国的启示[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,106(4):107-112.