微地形对大西沟野杏幼苗生境的气候和土壤温湿度的影响
|
摘要
探究新疆霍城县大西沟野果林内的微地形对野杏幼苗生境的气候和土壤温湿度等环境因子的影响。在封育的野果林内设置样地,观测地形、野杏幼苗生长季的气温、光照、空气湿度和土壤温湿度,分析各环境因子和地形因子的关系。结果表明:(1)坡向与气温、光照强度和土壤温度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),东南坡>南坡>东北坡,坡向与空气湿度、土壤含水量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);(2)坡位与气温、光照强度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与土壤含水量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),不同坡位的环境因子没有显著性差异(P<0.05);(3)坡度与气温、光照强度以及土壤温度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),缓中坡>陡坡>中坡>缓坡,缓坡与其他坡度均呈显著差异(P<0.05);坡度与空气湿度以及土壤含水量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);(4)坡形与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),对气候因子和土壤温度都无显著影响。地形变化对野杏幼苗生境的气候和土壤温湿度有显著影响,东南坡、上坡位、缓中坡以及凸坡形和相应的气候与土壤温湿度,是适宜野杏幼苗生存的生境条件。
The study aims to explore the effects of micro-topography on climatic and soil temperature and moisture in the habitat of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. seedlings in Daxigou, Huocheng County, Xinjiang. In the closed wild fruit forest, the terrain, temperature, light, air humidity, soil temperature and moisture were observed at the growth stage of A. vulgaris seedling. The relationship between the environmental factors and terrain factors was analyzed. The results showed that:(1) the slope aspect had a significantly positive correlation with temperature, light intensity and soil temperature(P<0.01), southeast slope > south slope >northeast slope, while the slope aspect had a significantly negative correlation with air humidity and soil water content(P<0.01);(2) the slope position had a significantly positive correlation with temperature and light intensity(P<0.01), while the slope position had a significantly negative correlation with soil water content(P<0.05), the environmental factors of different slope positions had no significant difference(P<0.05);(3) slope had a significantly positive correlation with air temperature, light intensity and soil temperature(P<0.01),moderate slope > steep slope > middle slope > gentle slope, and there were significant differences between the gentle slope and the other slopes(P<0.05), slope had significantly negative difference with air moisture and soil water content(P<0.05);(4) slope shape had a significantly negative correlation with soil water content(P<0.01), which had no significant effect on climatic factors and soil temperature. The terrain changes have a significant effect on the climate, soil temperature and moisture in the habitat of A. vulgaris seedling. The suitable habitat condition for A. vulgaris seedling is southeast slope, up slope, moderate slope and convex slope with their climate, soil temperature and moisture.
The study aims to explore the effects of micro-topography on climatic and soil temperature and moisture in the habitat of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. seedlings in Daxigou, Huocheng County, Xinjiang. In the closed wild fruit forest, the terrain, temperature, light, air humidity, soil temperature and moisture were observed at the growth stage of A. vulgaris seedling. The relationship between the environmental factors and terrain factors was analyzed. The results showed that:(1) the slope aspect had a significantly positive correlation with temperature, light intensity and soil temperature(P<0.01), southeast slope > south slope >northeast slope, while the slope aspect had a significantly negative correlation with air humidity and soil water content(P<0.01);(2) the slope position had a significantly positive correlation with temperature and light intensity(P<0.01), while the slope position had a significantly negative correlation with soil water content(P<0.05), the environmental factors of different slope positions had no significant difference(P<0.05);(3) slope had a significantly positive correlation with air temperature, light intensity and soil temperature(P<0.01),moderate slope > steep slope > middle slope > gentle slope, and there were significant differences between the gentle slope and the other slopes(P<0.05), slope had significantly negative difference with air moisture and soil water content(P<0.05);(4) slope shape had a significantly negative correlation with soil water content(P<0.01), which had no significant effect on climatic factors and soil temperature. The terrain changes have a significant effect on the climate, soil temperature and moisture in the habitat of A. vulgaris seedling. The suitable habitat condition for A. vulgaris seedling is southeast slope, up slope, moderate slope and convex slope with their climate, soil temperature and moisture.
引文
[1]程路.秦岭山地辐射和气温空间分布研究[D].南京:南京气象学院,2003.
[2]陈刚,何政伟,杨斌.地形特征与山地气候变化空间关联规则数据挖掘研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(1):37-40.
[3]何勇,董文杰,郭晓寅,等.基于MODIS的中国陆地植被生长及其与气候的关系[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5086-5092.
[4]杨秀海,卓嘎,罗布.藏北高原气候变化与植被生长状况[J].草业科学,2011,28(4):626-630.
[5]李杨,刘艳,马丽云,等.天山北坡气候因子对植被影响的空间分异性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(7):91-95.
[6]周灿芳.植物群落动态研究进展[J].生态科学,2000,19(2):53-59.
[7]曾德慧,尤文忠,范志平,等.樟子松人工固沙林天然更新障碍因子分析[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(3):257-261.
[8]李小双,彭明春,党承林.植物自然更新研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2081-2088.
[9]潘学标,龙步菊,苏艳华,等.黄土高原北部坡梁地微地形气候的温度变化特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(12):367-371.
[10]王利兵.我国3种杏的地理分布及其植物学性状[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(3):435-439.
[11]张加延,张钊.中国果树志·杏卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003:120-124.
[12]侯博,许正.世界栽培落叶果树起源中心-新疆天山伊犁谷地野果林[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(4):406-406.
[13]刘娟,廖康,赵世荣,等.利用ISSR分子标记构建新疆野杏核心种质资源[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(10):2017-2028.
[14]俞德浚.中国果树分类学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1979:54-63.
[15]王磊.新疆野苹果和新疆野杏[J].新疆农业科学,1989(6):33-34.
[16]林培钧,崔乃然.天山野果林资源:伊犁野果林综合研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000:163-177.
[17]王磊,崔大方,林培钧,等.新疆野生杏的种下类型[J].新疆师范大学学报:自然科学版,1997(3):31-36.
[18]白志强,毛培利,刘华,等.天山西部野杏光合作用日变化特征与其生理生态因子的关系[J].西北植物学报,2012, 32(11):2321-2327.
[19]毕如田,武俊娴,曹毅,等.涑水河流域地形因子对植被指数变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(35):257-263.
[20]刘立诚,排祖拉,徐华君.伊犁谷地野果林下的土壤形成特点及其系统分类[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),1997(2):34-40.
[21]王磊,许正,晁海,等.新疆霍城县大、小西沟野果林种子植物组成及资源[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(3):446-452.
[22]邓欧平,周稀,黄萍萍,等.川中紫色丘区土壤养分空间分异与地形因子相关性研究[J].资源科学,2013,35(12):2434-2443.
[23] Campbell B D, Grime J P. A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment[J]. New Phytologist, 1989,112(2):261-267.
[24]汤雨宁,刘明国,殷有,等.朝阳地区油松天然更新规律初探[J].辽宁林业科技, 2007(4):41-43.
[25]高阳,赵文吉,高明亮,等.北京山区植物优势种群分布及与环境因子的关系[J].湖北农业科学, 2014, 53(21):5099-5104.
[26]丁永全.坡向和坡位对大兴安岭干旱阳坡蒙古栎林温湿度的影响[J].东北林业大学学报, 2015(4):46-51.
[27]杨森,孙国钧,何文莹,等.西北旱寒区地理、地形因素与降雨量及平均温度的相关性——以甘肃省为例[J].生态学报,2011,31(9):2414-2420.
[28]赵汝东,樊剑波,等.坡位对马尾松林下土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物特性影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(12):2857-2862.
[29]薛立,薛晔,吴敏,等.不同坡位火力楠林土壤肥力变化特征[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(6):51-54.
[30]张丽鹏,杨雨春,赵珊珊,等.环境因子对长白山区天然核桃楸林生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(4):34-41.
[31]任学敏,杨改河,朱雅,等.环境因子对太白山高山植被物种组成和丰富度的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6993-7003.
[32]戚裕锋.浙江天童微地形上优势树种的种子萌发、出苗和幼苗早期建立研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2010.
[33]何亚平,费世民,蔡小虎,等.坡形因素对麻疯树人工林个体与群体生物量配置的影响[J].四川林业科技, 2011,32(6):1-10.
[2]陈刚,何政伟,杨斌.地形特征与山地气候变化空间关联规则数据挖掘研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(1):37-40.
[3]何勇,董文杰,郭晓寅,等.基于MODIS的中国陆地植被生长及其与气候的关系[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5086-5092.
[4]杨秀海,卓嘎,罗布.藏北高原气候变化与植被生长状况[J].草业科学,2011,28(4):626-630.
[5]李杨,刘艳,马丽云,等.天山北坡气候因子对植被影响的空间分异性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(7):91-95.
[6]周灿芳.植物群落动态研究进展[J].生态科学,2000,19(2):53-59.
[7]曾德慧,尤文忠,范志平,等.樟子松人工固沙林天然更新障碍因子分析[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(3):257-261.
[8]李小双,彭明春,党承林.植物自然更新研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2081-2088.
[9]潘学标,龙步菊,苏艳华,等.黄土高原北部坡梁地微地形气候的温度变化特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(12):367-371.
[10]王利兵.我国3种杏的地理分布及其植物学性状[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(3):435-439.
[11]张加延,张钊.中国果树志·杏卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003:120-124.
[12]侯博,许正.世界栽培落叶果树起源中心-新疆天山伊犁谷地野果林[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(4):406-406.
[13]刘娟,廖康,赵世荣,等.利用ISSR分子标记构建新疆野杏核心种质资源[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(10):2017-2028.
[14]俞德浚.中国果树分类学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1979:54-63.
[15]王磊.新疆野苹果和新疆野杏[J].新疆农业科学,1989(6):33-34.
[16]林培钧,崔乃然.天山野果林资源:伊犁野果林综合研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000:163-177.
[17]王磊,崔大方,林培钧,等.新疆野生杏的种下类型[J].新疆师范大学学报:自然科学版,1997(3):31-36.
[18]白志强,毛培利,刘华,等.天山西部野杏光合作用日变化特征与其生理生态因子的关系[J].西北植物学报,2012, 32(11):2321-2327.
[19]毕如田,武俊娴,曹毅,等.涑水河流域地形因子对植被指数变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(35):257-263.
[20]刘立诚,排祖拉,徐华君.伊犁谷地野果林下的土壤形成特点及其系统分类[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),1997(2):34-40.
[21]王磊,许正,晁海,等.新疆霍城县大、小西沟野果林种子植物组成及资源[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(3):446-452.
[22]邓欧平,周稀,黄萍萍,等.川中紫色丘区土壤养分空间分异与地形因子相关性研究[J].资源科学,2013,35(12):2434-2443.
[23] Campbell B D, Grime J P. A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment[J]. New Phytologist, 1989,112(2):261-267.
[24]汤雨宁,刘明国,殷有,等.朝阳地区油松天然更新规律初探[J].辽宁林业科技, 2007(4):41-43.
[25]高阳,赵文吉,高明亮,等.北京山区植物优势种群分布及与环境因子的关系[J].湖北农业科学, 2014, 53(21):5099-5104.
[26]丁永全.坡向和坡位对大兴安岭干旱阳坡蒙古栎林温湿度的影响[J].东北林业大学学报, 2015(4):46-51.
[27]杨森,孙国钧,何文莹,等.西北旱寒区地理、地形因素与降雨量及平均温度的相关性——以甘肃省为例[J].生态学报,2011,31(9):2414-2420.
[28]赵汝东,樊剑波,等.坡位对马尾松林下土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物特性影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(12):2857-2862.
[29]薛立,薛晔,吴敏,等.不同坡位火力楠林土壤肥力变化特征[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(6):51-54.
[30]张丽鹏,杨雨春,赵珊珊,等.环境因子对长白山区天然核桃楸林生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(4):34-41.
[31]任学敏,杨改河,朱雅,等.环境因子对太白山高山植被物种组成和丰富度的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6993-7003.
[32]戚裕锋.浙江天童微地形上优势树种的种子萌发、出苗和幼苗早期建立研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2010.
[33]何亚平,费世民,蔡小虎,等.坡形因素对麻疯树人工林个体与群体生物量配置的影响[J].四川林业科技, 2011,32(6):1-10.