工业园区循环经济关联与生态效率评价——以福建省蛟洋循环经济示范园区为例
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摘要
工业园区因物质能量的高度集聚,生产-消费过程的网络关联,以及区域示范带动效应,在循环经济发展中受到持续关注。本研究以福建省蛟洋循环经济示范园区为例,应用物质流、生态网络和生态效率等测度分析方法,综合评估了2012—2016年间园区循环经济的网络关联和生态效率。研究结果表明:(1)园区物质流结构单一,关联度和稳定度明显较弱;(2)园区网络的韧性不足,关键节点的级联效应显著,尤其对中下游企业的影响程度大;(3)生态效率指数分析发现,园区关键节点企业在循环经济效益方面带动能力不足,影响园区循环经济的前景。为此,从园区网络关联稳定度和企业生态经济效率优化提升的角度,探讨园区未来的循环经济发展策略。可为处于起步阶段的专一化工业园区探索可行的循环经济模式提供借鉴。
Circular economy has been recognized as an effective practice of global sustainable development. Eco-industrial park(EIP), as an ideal model for circular economy, attracts increasing concern for its dynamic flow of energy and material, and network nexus of the production-consumption process. Using the circular economy chain of Jiaoyang EIP as an example, combining the methods of material flow, ecological network, and eco-efficiency analysis, this study attempted to determine the network nexus and eco-efficiency of the EIP during 2012—2016. A circular economy chain of the EIP, i.e., the upstream-midstream-downstream chain of industries, was established by material flow analysis. Based on the circular economy chain, especially the byproduct and waste linkages, the ecological network analysis method was adopted to reveal the network nexus characteristics of the Jiaoyang EIP, consisting of the network connectivity, stability, and resilience. The network resilience analysis helped identify the critical nodes that can reflect the cascading effects. Lastly, the eco-efficiency analysis method was employed to examine the circular economy benefits and patterns of the critical node companies. The results from 2012 to 2016 show that:(1) an insufficient network connectivity and stability was supported by a single circular industrial chain in the EIP;(2) the notable cascading effects of the EIP were observed in critical nodes, especially the midstream and downstream companies, which resulted in a less flexible network in the EIP;(3) the insufficient benefits of the circular economy driven by critical node companies implied there was a long way to go toward sustainable pathways for the EIP. Hence, improving strategies of the network nexus and eco-economic synergetic development are proposed for the future circular economy. On the one hand, the awareness of protecting vulnerable companies and controlling cascading failures is emphasized in the optimized network management. On the other hand, the sustainable eco-economic modes of the EIP could be achieved by efficient resource recycling and environmental waste reduction. Our results could provide valuable implications for emerging EIPs and their circular economy exploration within or beyond China.
Circular economy has been recognized as an effective practice of global sustainable development. Eco-industrial park(EIP), as an ideal model for circular economy, attracts increasing concern for its dynamic flow of energy and material, and network nexus of the production-consumption process. Using the circular economy chain of Jiaoyang EIP as an example, combining the methods of material flow, ecological network, and eco-efficiency analysis, this study attempted to determine the network nexus and eco-efficiency of the EIP during 2012—2016. A circular economy chain of the EIP, i.e., the upstream-midstream-downstream chain of industries, was established by material flow analysis. Based on the circular economy chain, especially the byproduct and waste linkages, the ecological network analysis method was adopted to reveal the network nexus characteristics of the Jiaoyang EIP, consisting of the network connectivity, stability, and resilience. The network resilience analysis helped identify the critical nodes that can reflect the cascading effects. Lastly, the eco-efficiency analysis method was employed to examine the circular economy benefits and patterns of the critical node companies. The results from 2012 to 2016 show that:(1) an insufficient network connectivity and stability was supported by a single circular industrial chain in the EIP;(2) the notable cascading effects of the EIP were observed in critical nodes, especially the midstream and downstream companies, which resulted in a less flexible network in the EIP;(3) the insufficient benefits of the circular economy driven by critical node companies implied there was a long way to go toward sustainable pathways for the EIP. Hence, improving strategies of the network nexus and eco-economic synergetic development are proposed for the future circular economy. On the one hand, the awareness of protecting vulnerable companies and controlling cascading failures is emphasized in the optimized network management. On the other hand, the sustainable eco-economic modes of the EIP could be achieved by efficient resource recycling and environmental waste reduction. Our results could provide valuable implications for emerging EIPs and their circular economy exploration within or beyond China.
引文
[1] 唐玲,孙晓峰,李键.生态工业园区共生网络的结构分析:以天津泰达为例.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(S2):216- 221.
[2] 黄和平.基于生态效率的江西省循环经济发展模式.生态学报,2015,35(9):2894- 2901.
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[8] Ghisellini P,Cialani C,Ulgiati S.A review on circular economy:the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems.Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,114:11- 32.
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[10] 张培.基于物质流分析的工业园生态效率研究.中国市场,2010,(23):46- 48.
[11] Geng Y,Zhang P,Ulgiati S,Sarkis J.Emergy analysis of an industrial park:the case of Dalian,China.Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(22):5273- 5283.
[12] 王兆华,尹建华,武春友.生态工业园中的生态产业链结构模型研究.中国软科学,2003,(10):149- 152.
[13] Boons F,Chertow M,Park J,Spekkink W,Shi H.Industrial symbiosis dynamics and the problem of equivalence:proposal for a comparative framework.Journal of Industrial Ecology,2017,21(4):938- 952.
[14] 宋雨萌,石磊.工业共生网络的复杂性度量及案例分析.清华大学学报:自然科学版,2008,48(9):1441- 1444.
[15] Lu Y,Chen B,Feng K S,Hubacek K.Ecological network analysis for carbon metabolism of eco-industrial parks:a case study of a typical eco-industrial park in Beijing.Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(12):7254- 7264.
[16] Lehni M.Eco-Efficiency:Creating More Value with Less Impact.Geneve:World Business Council for Sustainable Development,2000:5- 36.
[17] 尹科,王如松,周传斌,梁菁.国内外生态效率核算方法及其应用研究述评.生态学报,2012,32(11):3595- 3605.
[18] 彭涛,李林军,陆宏芳.产业园生态效率评价——以九发生态产业园为例.生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1611- 1616.
[19] 李中才,徐俊艳,吴昌友,张漪.生态网络分析方法研究综述.生态学报,2011,31(18):5396- 5405.
[20] Zhang Y,Zheng H M,Chen B,Su M R,Liu G Y.A review of industrial symbiosis research:theory and methodology.Frontiers of Earth Science,2015,9(1):91- 104.
[21] Vermaat J E,Dunne J A,Gilbert A J.Major dimensions in food-web structure properties.Ecology,2009,90(1):278- 282.
[22] Fath B D,Scharler U M,Ulanowicz R E,Hannon B.Ecological network analysis:network construction.Ecological Modelling,2007,208(1):49- 55.
[23] Fang D L,Chen B.Ecological network analysis for a virtual water network.Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(11):6722- 6730.
[24] Li Y,Shi L.The resilience of interdependent industrial symbiosis networks:a case of Yixing economic and technological development zone.Journal of Industrial Ecology,2015,19(2):264- 273.
[25] 张妍,杨志峰.城市物质代谢的生态效率——以深圳市为例.生态学报,2007,27(8):3124- 3131.
[26] Pettit T J,Fiksel J,Croxton K L.Ensuring supply chain resilience:development of a conceptual framework.Journal of Business Logistics,2010,31(1):1- 21.
[27] 谢园园,傅泽强.基于生态效率视角的循环经济分析.生态经济,2012,(9):49- 51.
[28] Park H S,Behera S K.Methodological aspects of applying eco-efficiency indicators to industrial symbiosis networks.Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,64:478- 485.
[29] Behera S K,Kim J H,Lee S Y,Suh S,Park H S.Evolution of ‘designed’ industrial symbiosis networks in the Ulsan Eco-industrial Park:‘research and development into business′ as the enabling framework.Journal of Cleaner Production,2012,29- 30:103- 112.
[30] 李湘梅,肖人彬,曾宇,姚智爽.生态工业园共生网络的脆弱性.生态学报,2014,34(16):4746- 4755.
[2] 黄和平.基于生态效率的江西省循环经济发展模式.生态学报,2015,35(9):2894- 2901.
[3] 诸大建,邱寿丰.生态效率是循环经济的合适测度.中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(5):1- 6.
[4] 李健,邱立成,安小会.面向循环经济的企业绩效评价指标体系研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2004,14(4):121- 125.
[5] Bilitewski B.The circular economy and its risks.Waste Management,2012,32(1):1- 2.
[6] 诸大建,朱远.生态文明背景下循环经济理论的深化研究.中国科学院院刊,2013,28(2):207- 218.
[7] Geng Y,Fujita T,Park H S,Chiu A S F,Huisingh D.Recent progress on innovative eco-industrial development.Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,114:1- 10.
[8] Ghisellini P,Cialani C,Ulgiati S.A review on circular economy:the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems.Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,114:11- 32.
[9] Park Y S,Egilmez G,Kucukvar M.A novel life cycle-based principal component analysis framework for eco-efficiency analysis:case of the United States manufacturing and transportation nexus.Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,92:327- 342.
[10] 张培.基于物质流分析的工业园生态效率研究.中国市场,2010,(23):46- 48.
[11] Geng Y,Zhang P,Ulgiati S,Sarkis J.Emergy analysis of an industrial park:the case of Dalian,China.Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(22):5273- 5283.
[12] 王兆华,尹建华,武春友.生态工业园中的生态产业链结构模型研究.中国软科学,2003,(10):149- 152.
[13] Boons F,Chertow M,Park J,Spekkink W,Shi H.Industrial symbiosis dynamics and the problem of equivalence:proposal for a comparative framework.Journal of Industrial Ecology,2017,21(4):938- 952.
[14] 宋雨萌,石磊.工业共生网络的复杂性度量及案例分析.清华大学学报:自然科学版,2008,48(9):1441- 1444.
[15] Lu Y,Chen B,Feng K S,Hubacek K.Ecological network analysis for carbon metabolism of eco-industrial parks:a case study of a typical eco-industrial park in Beijing.Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(12):7254- 7264.
[16] Lehni M.Eco-Efficiency:Creating More Value with Less Impact.Geneve:World Business Council for Sustainable Development,2000:5- 36.
[17] 尹科,王如松,周传斌,梁菁.国内外生态效率核算方法及其应用研究述评.生态学报,2012,32(11):3595- 3605.
[18] 彭涛,李林军,陆宏芳.产业园生态效率评价——以九发生态产业园为例.生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1611- 1616.
[19] 李中才,徐俊艳,吴昌友,张漪.生态网络分析方法研究综述.生态学报,2011,31(18):5396- 5405.
[20] Zhang Y,Zheng H M,Chen B,Su M R,Liu G Y.A review of industrial symbiosis research:theory and methodology.Frontiers of Earth Science,2015,9(1):91- 104.
[21] Vermaat J E,Dunne J A,Gilbert A J.Major dimensions in food-web structure properties.Ecology,2009,90(1):278- 282.
[22] Fath B D,Scharler U M,Ulanowicz R E,Hannon B.Ecological network analysis:network construction.Ecological Modelling,2007,208(1):49- 55.
[23] Fang D L,Chen B.Ecological network analysis for a virtual water network.Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(11):6722- 6730.
[24] Li Y,Shi L.The resilience of interdependent industrial symbiosis networks:a case of Yixing economic and technological development zone.Journal of Industrial Ecology,2015,19(2):264- 273.
[25] 张妍,杨志峰.城市物质代谢的生态效率——以深圳市为例.生态学报,2007,27(8):3124- 3131.
[26] Pettit T J,Fiksel J,Croxton K L.Ensuring supply chain resilience:development of a conceptual framework.Journal of Business Logistics,2010,31(1):1- 21.
[27] 谢园园,傅泽强.基于生态效率视角的循环经济分析.生态经济,2012,(9):49- 51.
[28] Park H S,Behera S K.Methodological aspects of applying eco-efficiency indicators to industrial symbiosis networks.Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,64:478- 485.
[29] Behera S K,Kim J H,Lee S Y,Suh S,Park H S.Evolution of ‘designed’ industrial symbiosis networks in the Ulsan Eco-industrial Park:‘research and development into business′ as the enabling framework.Journal of Cleaner Production,2012,29- 30:103- 112.
[30] 李湘梅,肖人彬,曾宇,姚智爽.生态工业园共生网络的脆弱性.生态学报,2014,34(16):4746- 4755.