甘蔗–绿豆间作压青还田和施氮水平对甘蔗性状的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨甘蔗Saccharum officinarum-绿豆Vigna radiata间作和不同施氮水平对甘蔗生长、产量及氮素营养的影响,为甘蔗合理间作提供参考依据。【方法】试验设计3种种植方式(绿豆单作、甘蔗单作、甘蔗–绿豆间作压青还田)和3个施氮水平(不施氮、减量施氮、常规施氮),测定甘蔗不同时期的生长性状。【结果】种植方式和施氮水平都显著影响甘蔗的分蘖数、干物质量、氮素吸收量、有效茎数和蔗茎产量;种植方式显著影响甘蔗的出苗数;施氮水平×种植方式显著影响甘蔗的有效茎数、成茎率、收获期干物质量和氮素吸收量。与甘蔗单作处理相比,间作处理使甘蔗出苗数和分蘖数分别降低了9.61%～10.52%和10.30%～11.05%,使有效茎数、干物质量、氮素吸收量和蔗茎产量分别提高了0.15%～14.28%、14.28%～34.76%、24.00%～29.58%和15.88%～20.16%。对于间作处理,甘蔗生长80 d的土地当量比为1.47～1.53,甘蔗收获期的土地当量比为1.76～1.94,甘蔗的竞争能力大于绿豆。与常规施氮的单作甘蔗相比,减量施氮的间作处理不会降低甘蔗的蔗茎产量和土壤氮素营养。【结论】甘蔗–绿豆间作处理能提高土地当量比和土壤氮含量,促进甘蔗生长,提高甘蔗产量和氮素吸收。
【Objective】To explore the effect of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum)-mungbean(Vigna radiata)intercropping and different nitrogen application levels on sugarcane growth, yield and nitrogen nutrition, and provide a reference for rational sugarcane intercropping.【Method】Three cropping patterns(monocropping of mungbean, monocropping of sugarcane, intercropping of sugarcane and mungbean with mungbean straw returning), and three nitrogen treatments(no N application, reduced N application, conventional N application)were used in the experiments. Sugarcane traits during different growth period were measured.【Result】Tiller number, dry biomass, nitrogen uptake, number of millable stalks and cane yield of sugarcane were significantly affected by nitrogen level and cropping pattern. Sugarcane emergency number was also significantly affected by cropping pattern. Number and percentage of millable stalks, dry biomass and nitrogen uptake of sugarcane were significantly affected by nitrogen level×cropping pattern. Compared with monocropping of sugarcane,intercropping treatment reduced emergency number and tiller nubmer by 9.61%-10.52% and 10.30%-11.05%respectively, while increased number of millable stalks, dry biomass, nitrogen uptake and cane yield of sugarcane by 0.15%-14.28%, 14.28%-34.76%, 24.00%-29.58% and 15.88%-20.16%, respectively. For the intercropping treatment, the land equivalent ratio was 1.47-1.53 after sugarcane grew for 80 days, and the land equivalent ratio at sugarcane harvest was 1.76-1.94. The competition ability of sugarcane was greater than that of mungbean. Compared with monocropping of sugarcane with conventional N application, intercropping treatment with reduced N application did not decrease cane yield and soil nitrogen level.【Conclusion】Intercropping of sugarcane and mungbean can increase the land equivalent ratio and soil nitrogen level, promote sugarcane growth and increase cane yield and nitrogen uptake.
【Objective】To explore the effect of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum)-mungbean(Vigna radiata)intercropping and different nitrogen application levels on sugarcane growth, yield and nitrogen nutrition, and provide a reference for rational sugarcane intercropping.【Method】Three cropping patterns(monocropping of mungbean, monocropping of sugarcane, intercropping of sugarcane and mungbean with mungbean straw returning), and three nitrogen treatments(no N application, reduced N application, conventional N application)were used in the experiments. Sugarcane traits during different growth period were measured.【Result】Tiller number, dry biomass, nitrogen uptake, number of millable stalks and cane yield of sugarcane were significantly affected by nitrogen level and cropping pattern. Sugarcane emergency number was also significantly affected by cropping pattern. Number and percentage of millable stalks, dry biomass and nitrogen uptake of sugarcane were significantly affected by nitrogen level×cropping pattern. Compared with monocropping of sugarcane,intercropping treatment reduced emergency number and tiller nubmer by 9.61%-10.52% and 10.30%-11.05%respectively, while increased number of millable stalks, dry biomass, nitrogen uptake and cane yield of sugarcane by 0.15%-14.28%, 14.28%-34.76%, 24.00%-29.58% and 15.88%-20.16%, respectively. For the intercropping treatment, the land equivalent ratio was 1.47-1.53 after sugarcane grew for 80 days, and the land equivalent ratio at sugarcane harvest was 1.76-1.94. The competition ability of sugarcane was greater than that of mungbean. Compared with monocropping of sugarcane with conventional N application, intercropping treatment with reduced N application did not decrease cane yield and soil nitrogen level.【Conclusion】Intercropping of sugarcane and mungbean can increase the land equivalent ratio and soil nitrogen level, promote sugarcane growth and increase cane yield and nitrogen uptake.
引文
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[2]LIAO Q,WEI G P,CHEN G F,et al.Effect of trash addition to the soil on microbial communities and physicochemical properties of soils and growth of sugarcane plants[J].Sugar Tech,2014,16(4):400-404.
[3]SOLANKI M K,WANG Z,WANG F Y,et al.Intercropping in sugarcane cultivation influenced the soil properties and enhanced the diversity of vital diazotrophic bacteria[J].Sugar Tech,2017,19(2):1-12.
[4]杨丽涛,胡春锦,林丽,等.广西甘蔗内生固氮菌资源及其应用的相关基础研究[C]//中国作物学会,2014年中国作物学会学术年会论文集.南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[5]朱秋珍,李杨瑞,刘晓燕.广西发展农作物间套种技术的意义与建议[J].现代农业科技,2012(1):119-120.
[6]邓宇驰,王维赞,张荣华,等.2016年广西蔗区甘蔗生产情况调研报告[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(12):105-110.
[7]曾艳,黄金生,周柳强,等.广西桂南蔗区土壤养分状况调查分析[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(12):2198-2202.
[8]谢如林,谭宏伟,周柳强,等.广西兴宾蔗区土壤养分状况分析[J].中国糖料,2004,26(1):22-25.[J].,2004,26(1):22-25.
[9]SINGH A,KANG J S,KAUR C.Effect of ryegrass inter-cropping on the yield and net profit of autumn planted sugarcane[J].Sugar Tech,2004,6(1/2):99-100.
[10]KF N K K,UMRIT G,DEVILLE J.Nitrogen fertilization of sugarcane in an intercropping system with maize and potato in the humid tropical climate of Mauritius[J].Exp Agr,1996,32(2):213-218.
[11]GANA A K,BUSARI L D.Intercropping study in sugarcane[J].Sugar Tech,2003,5(3):193-196.
[12]CHEN B,WANG J,ZHANG L,et al.Effect of intercropping pepper with sugarcane on populations of Liriomyza huidobrensis(Diptera:Agromyzidae)and its parasitoids[J].Crop Prot,2011,30(3):253-258.
[13]SINGH A K,LAL M,SUMAN A.Effect of intercropping in sugarcane(Saccharum complex hybrid)on productivity of plant cane-ratoon system[J].Indian J Agr Sci,2008,53(2):140-144.
[14]LI X,MU Y,CHENG Y,et al.Effects of intercropping sugarcane and soybean on growth,rhizosphere soil microbes,nitrogen and phosphorus availability[J].Acta Physiol Plant,2013,35(4):1113-1119.
[15]SUMAN A,LAL M,SINGH A K,et al.Microbial biomass turnover in Indian subtropical soils under different sugarcane intercropping systems[J].Agron J,2006,98(3):698-704.
[16]KAUR N,BHULLAR M S,GILL G.Weed management in sugarcane-canola intercropping systems in northern India[J].Field Crop Res,2016,188:1-9.
[17]李宏图,罗建新,彭德元,等.绿肥翻压还土的生态效应及其对土壤主要物理性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(5):172-175.
[18]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1359-1364.
[19]张旭升.甘蔗间种菜用大豆对其产量品质及土壤理化性状的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[20]张丽琼,陈超君,欧丽萍,等.绿肥对甘蔗产量及品质的效应[J].亚热带农业研究,2007,3(2):91-93.
[21]刘鹏飞,李向勇,张正学,等.绿肥压青对甘蔗产量及抗旱性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(9):35-37.
[22]苏利荣,何铁光,苏天明,等.不同时期绿豆与甘蔗套种及秸秆还田模式研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(11):2461-2467.
[23]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[24]肖焱波,段宗颜,金航,等.小麦-蚕豆间作体系中的氮节约效应及产量优势[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):267-271.
[25]李隆,杨思存,孙建好,等.小麦-大豆间作中作物种间的竞争作用和促进作用[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(2):197-200.
[26]余常兵,孙建好,李隆.种间相互作用对作物生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):1-8.
[27]李纪潮.机械种植下不同行距间作春大豆对甘蔗的生长效应研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2017.
[28]吴建明,李杨瑞,杨丽涛,等.甘蔗间种大豆的试验[J].作物杂志,2011(5):103-105.
[29]谢金兰,王维赞,李长宁,等.甘蔗与豆科作物不同间种模式研究[J].中国糖料,2015,37(3):12-14.
[30]HE T G,SU L R,LI Y R,et al.Nutrient decomposition rate and sugarcane yield as influenced by mung bean intercropping and crop residue recycling[J].Sugar Tech,2018,20(2):154-162.
[31]AMBROSANO E J,CANTARELLA H,AMBROSANOG M B,et al.The role of green manure nitrogen use by corn and sugarcane crops in Brazil[J].Agr Sci,2013,4(12):89-108.
[32]BOKHTIAR S M,SAKURAI K.Effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on soil fertility and productivity of plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane[J].Arch Agron Soil Sci,2005,51(3):325-334.
[33]CHANDRA R,RANA N S,KUMAR S,et al.Effects of sugarcane residue and green manure practices in sugarcane-ratoon-wheat sequence on productivity,soil fertility and soil biological properties[J].Arch Agron Soil Sci,2008,54(6):651-664.
[34]AMBROSANO E J,TRIVELIN P C O,CANTARELLAH,et al.15N-labeled nitrogen from green manure and ammonium sulfate utilization by the sugarcane ratoon[J].Sci Agr,2011,68(3):361-368.
[35]AMBROSANO E J,TRIVELIN P C O,CANTARELLAH,et al.Utilization of nitrogen from green manure and mineral fertilizer by sugarcane[J].Sci Agr,2005,62(6):534-542.
[36]褚贵新,沈其荣,张娟,等.用15N富积标记和稀释法研究旱作水稻-花生间作系统中氮素固定和转移[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):385-389.
[37]雍太文,杨文钰,向达兵,等.小麦-玉米-大豆和小麦-玉米-甘薯套作对土壤氮素含量及氮素转移的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(1):148-158.
[38]王秀林,阳代天.甘蔗不同生育期对氮磷钾的吸收与分配[J].土壤通报,1994(5):224-226.
[39]杨文亭,李志贤,舒磊,等.甘蔗-大豆间作和减量施氮对甘蔗产量、植株及土壤氮素的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):6108-6115.
[40]宋为超,刘春雨,徐娇,等.初花后土壤碱解氮浓度对棉花生物量和氮素累积特征的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(7):1257-1265.
[2]LIAO Q,WEI G P,CHEN G F,et al.Effect of trash addition to the soil on microbial communities and physicochemical properties of soils and growth of sugarcane plants[J].Sugar Tech,2014,16(4):400-404.
[3]SOLANKI M K,WANG Z,WANG F Y,et al.Intercropping in sugarcane cultivation influenced the soil properties and enhanced the diversity of vital diazotrophic bacteria[J].Sugar Tech,2017,19(2):1-12.
[4]杨丽涛,胡春锦,林丽,等.广西甘蔗内生固氮菌资源及其应用的相关基础研究[C]//中国作物学会,2014年中国作物学会学术年会论文集.南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[5]朱秋珍,李杨瑞,刘晓燕.广西发展农作物间套种技术的意义与建议[J].现代农业科技,2012(1):119-120.
[6]邓宇驰,王维赞,张荣华,等.2016年广西蔗区甘蔗生产情况调研报告[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(12):105-110.
[7]曾艳,黄金生,周柳强,等.广西桂南蔗区土壤养分状况调查分析[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(12):2198-2202.
[8]谢如林,谭宏伟,周柳强,等.广西兴宾蔗区土壤养分状况分析[J].中国糖料,2004,26(1):22-25.[J].,2004,26(1):22-25.
[9]SINGH A,KANG J S,KAUR C.Effect of ryegrass inter-cropping on the yield and net profit of autumn planted sugarcane[J].Sugar Tech,2004,6(1/2):99-100.
[10]KF N K K,UMRIT G,DEVILLE J.Nitrogen fertilization of sugarcane in an intercropping system with maize and potato in the humid tropical climate of Mauritius[J].Exp Agr,1996,32(2):213-218.
[11]GANA A K,BUSARI L D.Intercropping study in sugarcane[J].Sugar Tech,2003,5(3):193-196.
[12]CHEN B,WANG J,ZHANG L,et al.Effect of intercropping pepper with sugarcane on populations of Liriomyza huidobrensis(Diptera:Agromyzidae)and its parasitoids[J].Crop Prot,2011,30(3):253-258.
[13]SINGH A K,LAL M,SUMAN A.Effect of intercropping in sugarcane(Saccharum complex hybrid)on productivity of plant cane-ratoon system[J].Indian J Agr Sci,2008,53(2):140-144.
[14]LI X,MU Y,CHENG Y,et al.Effects of intercropping sugarcane and soybean on growth,rhizosphere soil microbes,nitrogen and phosphorus availability[J].Acta Physiol Plant,2013,35(4):1113-1119.
[15]SUMAN A,LAL M,SINGH A K,et al.Microbial biomass turnover in Indian subtropical soils under different sugarcane intercropping systems[J].Agron J,2006,98(3):698-704.
[16]KAUR N,BHULLAR M S,GILL G.Weed management in sugarcane-canola intercropping systems in northern India[J].Field Crop Res,2016,188:1-9.
[17]李宏图,罗建新,彭德元,等.绿肥翻压还土的生态效应及其对土壤主要物理性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(5):172-175.
[18]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1359-1364.
[19]张旭升.甘蔗间种菜用大豆对其产量品质及土壤理化性状的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[20]张丽琼,陈超君,欧丽萍,等.绿肥对甘蔗产量及品质的效应[J].亚热带农业研究,2007,3(2):91-93.
[21]刘鹏飞,李向勇,张正学,等.绿肥压青对甘蔗产量及抗旱性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(9):35-37.
[22]苏利荣,何铁光,苏天明,等.不同时期绿豆与甘蔗套种及秸秆还田模式研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(11):2461-2467.
[23]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[24]肖焱波,段宗颜,金航,等.小麦-蚕豆间作体系中的氮节约效应及产量优势[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):267-271.
[25]李隆,杨思存,孙建好,等.小麦-大豆间作中作物种间的竞争作用和促进作用[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(2):197-200.
[26]余常兵,孙建好,李隆.种间相互作用对作物生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):1-8.
[27]李纪潮.机械种植下不同行距间作春大豆对甘蔗的生长效应研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2017.
[28]吴建明,李杨瑞,杨丽涛,等.甘蔗间种大豆的试验[J].作物杂志,2011(5):103-105.
[29]谢金兰,王维赞,李长宁,等.甘蔗与豆科作物不同间种模式研究[J].中国糖料,2015,37(3):12-14.
[30]HE T G,SU L R,LI Y R,et al.Nutrient decomposition rate and sugarcane yield as influenced by mung bean intercropping and crop residue recycling[J].Sugar Tech,2018,20(2):154-162.
[31]AMBROSANO E J,CANTARELLA H,AMBROSANOG M B,et al.The role of green manure nitrogen use by corn and sugarcane crops in Brazil[J].Agr Sci,2013,4(12):89-108.
[32]BOKHTIAR S M,SAKURAI K.Effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on soil fertility and productivity of plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane[J].Arch Agron Soil Sci,2005,51(3):325-334.
[33]CHANDRA R,RANA N S,KUMAR S,et al.Effects of sugarcane residue and green manure practices in sugarcane-ratoon-wheat sequence on productivity,soil fertility and soil biological properties[J].Arch Agron Soil Sci,2008,54(6):651-664.
[34]AMBROSANO E J,TRIVELIN P C O,CANTARELLAH,et al.15N-labeled nitrogen from green manure and ammonium sulfate utilization by the sugarcane ratoon[J].Sci Agr,2011,68(3):361-368.
[35]AMBROSANO E J,TRIVELIN P C O,CANTARELLAH,et al.Utilization of nitrogen from green manure and mineral fertilizer by sugarcane[J].Sci Agr,2005,62(6):534-542.
[36]褚贵新,沈其荣,张娟,等.用15N富积标记和稀释法研究旱作水稻-花生间作系统中氮素固定和转移[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):385-389.
[37]雍太文,杨文钰,向达兵,等.小麦-玉米-大豆和小麦-玉米-甘薯套作对土壤氮素含量及氮素转移的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(1):148-158.
[38]王秀林,阳代天.甘蔗不同生育期对氮磷钾的吸收与分配[J].土壤通报,1994(5):224-226.
[39]杨文亭,李志贤,舒磊,等.甘蔗-大豆间作和减量施氮对甘蔗产量、植株及土壤氮素的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):6108-6115.
[40]宋为超,刘春雨,徐娇,等.初花后土壤碱解氮浓度对棉花生物量和氮素累积特征的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(7):1257-1265.