社会变革中国家治理面临的结构性挑战——“社会中的国家”的视角
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摘要
有关社会变革与国家治理的复杂议题,学界的研究大体可分为个体中心论、社会中心论和国家中心论。"社会中的国家"作为一种新的研究范式,以"支配和反对支配的竞技场"为逻辑起点,阐明了国家治理能力的有限性及其面临的结构性挑战。在"社会中的国家"的视角中,社会变革中的国家与社会在公共领域往往存在着复杂的协商、竞争或妥协的关系。尤其当各种社会力量(包括国际势力)嵌入到国家治理体系时,各项政策的最终实践很难成功地实现国家最初的政策目标。嵌入到国家治理体系中的竞技场域,同样具有分化和自主化的特征,这也往往削弱了国家意志的有效贯彻。对于中国而言,坚持走中国特色社会主义道路,这是提升国家能力的前提和基础。
The complex issues of social change and state governance can be divided into three categories: individual-centered theo-ry, social-centered theory and national-centered theory. Different from these previous achievements, "state in society" as a new research model, starting from the logic of "the arena dominated and opposed to domination", illustrates the limited capacity of state governance and the structural challenges it faces. In the perspective of "countries in society", countries and societies in social transformation often have complex competitive processes that dominate and oppose domination. Especially when diverse social forces exert pressure, countries can hardly successfully achieve a coherent system of meanings; the autonomous character of social arena often weaken the practical effect of the state and leads to unexpected results in state governance. Strengthening the capacity of state governance requires not only address-ing the structural differences in the administrative system, but also guarding the erosion of vested interests over state autonomy.
The complex issues of social change and state governance can be divided into three categories: individual-centered theo-ry, social-centered theory and national-centered theory. Different from these previous achievements, "state in society" as a new research model, starting from the logic of "the arena dominated and opposed to domination", illustrates the limited capacity of state governance and the structural challenges it faces. In the perspective of "countries in society", countries and societies in social transformation often have complex competitive processes that dominate and oppose domination. Especially when diverse social forces exert pressure, countries can hardly successfully achieve a coherent system of meanings; the autonomous character of social arena often weaken the practical effect of the state and leads to unexpected results in state governance. Strengthening the capacity of state governance requires not only address-ing the structural differences in the administrative system, but also guarding the erosion of vested interests over state autonomy.
引文
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[25]何艳玲.中国土地执法摇摆现象及其解释[J].法学研究,2013,(6):61-72.
[26]丁长艳从结构性依赖到制度性认同:中国国家治理现代化的发展逻辑[J]上海行政学院学报,2015,(4):69-77.
[27]贺欣.在法律的边缘---部分外地来京工商户经营执照中的“法律合谋”[J].中国社会科学,2005,(3):91-103.
[28]李祖佩.项目制基层实践困境及其解释---国家自主性的视角[J].政治学研究,2015,(5):111-122.
[29]丁长艳.从结构性依赖到制度性认同:中国国家治理现代化的发展逻辑[J].上海行政学院学报,2015,(4):69-77.
[30]JS.Migdal.State Power and Social Forces:Domination and Transformation in the Third World[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1994:332.
[31][美]道格拉斯·C.诺斯.经济史上的结构和变革[M].厉以平译.北京:商务印书馆,1992.
[2]J.C Mitchell.The Kalela dance:aspects of social relationships among urban Africans in Northern Rhodesia[M]..New York:Humanities Press,1971:56.
[3]Seymour M.Lipset.Some Social Requisites of Democracy;Economic Development and Political Legitimacy[J].American Political Science Review,1959(1):69-105.
[4]Peter Evans.Embedded Autonomy.States and Industrial Transformation[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1985:12.
[5]Linda Weiss.The Myth of Powerless State:Governing Economy in a Global Era[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998:71.
[6][美]埃里克·A·诺德林格.民主国家的自主性[M].孙荣飞等译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2010.
[7][德]马克斯·韦伯.经济与社会(下卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1998.
[8][10][11][13][14][15][18][19][20][21][美]乔尔·S·米格代尔.社会中的国家---国家与社会如何相互改变与相互构成[M].李杨等译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2013.
[9]M.N.Srinivas.Social Change in Mordern Idia.Berkeley[M]:University of California Press,1966.
[12][美]塞缪尔·亨廷顿.变化社会中的政治秩序[M],转引自曾毅.超越韦伯主义国家观---从亨廷顿到米格代尔[J].教学与研究,2006(7).
[16]Karl Polyanyi.The Great Transformation:The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time[M].Boston:Beacon Press,1957:231.转引自杨雪冬.卡尔·博兰尼与市场乌托邦[J].天涯,2000(6).
[17]Lucian W.Pye.Politics,personality,and Nation-Building[M].New Haven Yale University Press,1962:237.
[22]Peter Evans.Embedded Autonomy.States and Industrial Transformation[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1985:9.
[23]俞可平.善政:走向善治的关键[J].当代中国政治研究报告,2004,28-34.
[24]郁建兴,黄飚.地方政府在社会抗争事件中的“摆平”策略[J].政治学研究,2016,(2):54-66.
[25]何艳玲.中国土地执法摇摆现象及其解释[J].法学研究,2013,(6):61-72.
[26]丁长艳从结构性依赖到制度性认同:中国国家治理现代化的发展逻辑[J]上海行政学院学报,2015,(4):69-77.
[27]贺欣.在法律的边缘---部分外地来京工商户经营执照中的“法律合谋”[J].中国社会科学,2005,(3):91-103.
[28]李祖佩.项目制基层实践困境及其解释---国家自主性的视角[J].政治学研究,2015,(5):111-122.
[29]丁长艳.从结构性依赖到制度性认同:中国国家治理现代化的发展逻辑[J].上海行政学院学报,2015,(4):69-77.
[30]JS.Migdal.State Power and Social Forces:Domination and Transformation in the Third World[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1994:332.
[31][美]道格拉斯·C.诺斯.经济史上的结构和变革[M].厉以平译.北京:商务印书馆,1992.
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