退耕林地麻栎刺槐林壤中流及其磷素流失特征
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摘要
为研究退耕还林后林地对壤中流磷素的调控效果,探究雨强对壤中流磷素流失的影响,选取鲁中南山区典型麻栎林、刺槐林和麻栎—刺槐混交林为研究对象,以荒草地为对照,采用模拟降雨试验方法,研究林地壤中流及磷素流失特征。结果表明:(1)林地壤中流占总产流的36.16%～46.93%,荒草地壤中流比例为18.58%,林地雨水下渗能力高于荒草地的,其中麻栎—刺槐混交林雨水下渗能力最好。随着雨强的增大,林地壤中流比例由54.34%减小到37.62%。(2)林地壤中流TP流失量低于荒草地的,为荒草地的45.88%～63.25%。林地TP总流失量比荒草地少55.32%～77.43%,与荒草地相比,林地对磷素的调控效果更优,其中麻栎—刺槐混交林的调控效果最好。随雨强的增大,林地壤中流TP流失量增加了0.68～1.33倍。(3)林地和荒草地的壤中流TP流失量占TP总流失量的12.12%～25.00%,壤中流TP流失在TP总流失中占据一定比例,在磷素流失中不容忽视。随着雨强增加,林地壤中流TP流失比例由30.66%下降到10.62%。研究成果对探究林地壤中流磷素流失规律和改善生态环境具有重要参考价值。
In order to study the effects of forest land and rain intensities on the phosphorus loss regulation in subsurface runoff,the typical Quercus acutissima forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Quercus acutissimaRobinia pseudoacacia mixed forest in hilly area of middle southern Shandong Province were selected as the research objects.And simulated artificial rainfall experiments were carried out.The results showed that:(1)Subsurface runoff accounted for 36.16%～46.93%of the total runoff in forest,and for 18.58%in grassland.The rainwater infiltration capacity was higher in forest land than that in grassland,and the mixed forest gave the highest rainfall infiltration capacity.With the increase of rainfall intensities,the proportions of subsurface runoff decreased from 54.34%to37.62%in forest.(2)TP losses with subsurface runoff in forest were only 45.88% ～63.25% of those in grassland.Total TP losses in forest land were 55.32% ～ 77.43%lower than thoseof grassland.Compared with grassland,the control effect of phosphorus in forest land was better,especially for the mixed forest,which gave the best control effect on phosphorus loss.With the increase of rainfall intensities,TP losses with subsurface runoff in forest increased by 0.68 times to 1.33 times.(3)TP losses with subsurface runoff accounts for 12.12% ～25.00% of the total TP losses in forest and grassland.TP losses in subsurface runoff occupied the certain proportions of the total TP losses,so the subsurface runoff could not be ignored in TP loss control.With the increase of rainfall intensities,the proportions of TP losses with subsurface runoff decreased from 30.66%to 10.62%in forest.These findings could provide important reference for phosphorus loss control in forestland and the improvement of ecological environment.
In order to study the effects of forest land and rain intensities on the phosphorus loss regulation in subsurface runoff,the typical Quercus acutissima forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Quercus acutissimaRobinia pseudoacacia mixed forest in hilly area of middle southern Shandong Province were selected as the research objects.And simulated artificial rainfall experiments were carried out.The results showed that:(1)Subsurface runoff accounted for 36.16%～46.93%of the total runoff in forest,and for 18.58%in grassland.The rainwater infiltration capacity was higher in forest land than that in grassland,and the mixed forest gave the highest rainfall infiltration capacity.With the increase of rainfall intensities,the proportions of subsurface runoff decreased from 54.34%to37.62%in forest.(2)TP losses with subsurface runoff in forest were only 45.88% ～63.25% of those in grassland.Total TP losses in forest land were 55.32% ～ 77.43%lower than thoseof grassland.Compared with grassland,the control effect of phosphorus in forest land was better,especially for the mixed forest,which gave the best control effect on phosphorus loss.With the increase of rainfall intensities,TP losses with subsurface runoff in forest increased by 0.68 times to 1.33 times.(3)TP losses with subsurface runoff accounts for 12.12% ～25.00% of the total TP losses in forest and grassland.TP losses in subsurface runoff occupied the certain proportions of the total TP losses,so the subsurface runoff could not be ignored in TP loss control.With the increase of rainfall intensities,the proportions of TP losses with subsurface runoff decreased from 30.66%to 10.62%in forest.These findings could provide important reference for phosphorus loss control in forestland and the improvement of ecological environment.
引文
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[2]陈玲,宋林旭,崔玉洁,等.模拟降雨条件下黄棕壤坡耕地磷素流失规律研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):49-55.
[3]庹刚,李恒鹏,金洋,等.模拟暴雨条件下农田磷素迁移特征[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(1):45-52.
[4]何淑勤,宫渊波,郑子成.紫色土区坡耕地壤中流磷素流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):20-24.
[5]常龙飞,王晓龙,李恒鹏,等.巢湖典型低山丘陵区不同土地利用类型壤中流养分流失特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(5):511-517.
[6] Mcdowell R W.Treatment of pasture topsoil with alum to decrease phosphorus losses in subsurface drainage[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,207:178-182.
[7] Bender M A,Santos D R D,Tiecher T,et al.Phosphorus dynamics during storm events in a subtropical rural catchment in southern Brazil[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2018,261:93-102.
[8]钱婧.模拟降雨条件下红壤坡面菜地侵蚀产沙及土壤养分流失特征研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.
[9] Mardamootoo T,Preez C C D,Sharpley A N.Phosphorus mobilization from sugarcane soils in the tropical environment of Mauritius under simulated rainfall[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2015,103(1):29-43.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:28-35.
[11]沈奕彤.模拟降雨条件下黑土坡面养分流失规律研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[12]郑海金,胡建民,黄鹏飞,等.红壤坡耕地地表径流与壤中流氮磷流失比较[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):41-45.
[13]周林飞,郝利朋,孙中华.辽宁浑河流域不同土地类型地表径流和壤中流氮、磷流失特征[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):737-742.
[14]狄霖.苏北平原河网区农田养分含量分布与磷素流失规律研究[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2011.
[15]陈玲,刘德富,宋林旭,等.不同雨强下黄棕壤坡耕地径流养分输出机制研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2151-2158.
[16]彭梦玲,吴磊,乔闪闪.不同雨强下黄土裸坡水—沙—氮磷流失耦合模拟[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):1109-1116.
[17]冯勇.不同坡度和雨强条件下紫色土壤中流氮磷养分流失特征研究[J].水土保持应用技术,2014(4):4-6.
[18]徐国策,李鹏,成玉婷,等.模拟降雨条件下丹江鹦鹉沟小流域坡面径流磷素流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):6-10.