崇左响水地区岩溶地下水主要离子特征及控制因素
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摘要
以崇左响水地区为研究区域,于2016年丰水期、枯水期、平水期在研究区内采集210个地下水样品并测定,分析岩溶地下水的主要离子化学特征和季节变化,运用多元统计分析法研究地下水主要离子的控制因素.结果表明,研究区岩溶地下水为弱碱性淡水,优势离子均为Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-为主,分别占全部阳离子和阴离子的75%、70%以上,K~+、Na~+、Cl~-和NO_3~-平均质量浓度表现为丰水期>平水期>枯水期,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、p H值、TDS、TZ+和TZ-未出现明显的季节性变化.受碳酸盐岩地层的控制,地下水化学类型以HCO_3~-Ca型为主,丰水期和平水期少部分水点为HCO_3·Cl-Ca和HCO_3·SO_4-Ca型水,平水期出现Cl·NO_3-Ca型水,枯水期可见HCO_3~-Ca·Mg型水,反映出少部分水点受地层中白云岩和铁质泥岩溶解、人类源NO_3~-和Cl~-的影响.地下水中Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-主要来源于碳酸盐岩灰岩的溶解,Na~+、Cl~-、K~+、NO_3~-来源于大气输入与人为活动的贡献,Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)来源于地层中白云岩、铁质泥岩溶解.地下水化学成分主要受水岩相互作用的控制,碳酸盐岩含水层中的地下水主要受碳酸盐岩溶解因子控制,村庄和人口密集区的地下水主要受大气输入与人为活动因子控制.
To investigate the major ionic characteristics,seasonal variation,and controlling factors of karst groundwater at Xiangshui,Chongzuo,210 groundwater samples were collected and measured in wet season,dry season,and flat season in 2016. The controlling factors of karst groundwater were analyzed by using multivariate statistical analysis method. The results showed that the groundwater samples were weakly alkaline fresh water and rich in Ca~(2+)and HCO_3~-,which accounted for more than 75% and 70% of total ion concentration. The average concentrations of K+,Na+,Cl-,and NO_3~-decreased in the order of wet season > flat season > dry season. None of the concentrations of Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),HCO_3~-,SO_4~(2-),p H,TDS,TZ~+,and TZ~- showed significant seasonal variation.The hydrochemical characteristics were found to be of HCO_3~-Ca type and mainly determined by carbonate rock dissolution. Only a small proportion of them were of HCO_3·Cl-Ca and HCO_3·SO_4- Ca type in wet season and flat season,Cl·NO_3~-Ca type appeared in flat season,and HCO_3~-Ca·Mg type appeared in dry season,reflecting the influence of dolomite and ferric mudstone dissolution in the stratum,and of NO_3~-and Cl-input from anthropogenic activities. Groundwater Ca~(2+)and HCO_3~-mainly came from limestone dissolution; Na~+,Cl~-,K~+,and NO_3~-came from atmospheric precipitation and human activities; while Mg~(2+)and SO_4~(2-)came from dolomite and ferric mudstone dissolution. The chemical composition of groundwater was controlled by water-rock interaction,the groundwater in the carbonate aquifer was controlled by carbonate rocks dissolution,and the groundwater in villages and densely populated areas was affected by atmospheric precipitation and human activity.
To investigate the major ionic characteristics,seasonal variation,and controlling factors of karst groundwater at Xiangshui,Chongzuo,210 groundwater samples were collected and measured in wet season,dry season,and flat season in 2016. The controlling factors of karst groundwater were analyzed by using multivariate statistical analysis method. The results showed that the groundwater samples were weakly alkaline fresh water and rich in Ca~(2+)and HCO_3~-,which accounted for more than 75% and 70% of total ion concentration. The average concentrations of K+,Na+,Cl-,and NO_3~-decreased in the order of wet season > flat season > dry season. None of the concentrations of Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),HCO_3~-,SO_4~(2-),p H,TDS,TZ~+,and TZ~- showed significant seasonal variation.The hydrochemical characteristics were found to be of HCO_3~-Ca type and mainly determined by carbonate rock dissolution. Only a small proportion of them were of HCO_3·Cl-Ca and HCO_3·SO_4- Ca type in wet season and flat season,Cl·NO_3~-Ca type appeared in flat season,and HCO_3~-Ca·Mg type appeared in dry season,reflecting the influence of dolomite and ferric mudstone dissolution in the stratum,and of NO_3~-and Cl-input from anthropogenic activities. Groundwater Ca~(2+)and HCO_3~-mainly came from limestone dissolution; Na~+,Cl~-,K~+,and NO_3~-came from atmospheric precipitation and human activities; while Mg~(2+)and SO_4~(2-)came from dolomite and ferric mudstone dissolution. The chemical composition of groundwater was controlled by water-rock interaction,the groundwater in the carbonate aquifer was controlled by carbonate rocks dissolution,and the groundwater in villages and densely populated areas was affected by atmospheric precipitation and human activity.
引文
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[22]Brennan S T,Lowenstein T K.The major-ion composition of silurian seawater[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2002,66(15):2683-2700.
[23]Anshumali,Ramanathan A L.Seasonal variation in the major ion chemistry of Pandoh Lake,Mandi District,Himachal Pradesh,India[J].Applied Geochemistry,2007,22(8):1736-1747.
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