钝化材料对镉污染农田原位钝化修复效果研究
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摘要
原位钝化修复在重金属污染土壤修复中有着不可替代的作用,而修复材料在污染农田中的长期应用效果一直是人们关注的焦点。该文以Cd污染农田酸性土壤为研究对象,选择2种水稻品种(DY:德优4727;CY:川优6203)为供试材料,设置T1(石灰0.15kg/m~2)、T2(海泡石1.12 kg/m~2)、T3(石灰0.15 kg/m~2+海泡石1.12 kg/m~2)、T4(石灰0.15 kg/m~2+偏硅酸钠30 g/m~2+七水硫酸镁7.5 g/m~2)、T5(石灰0.15 kg/m~2+腐殖酸75 g/m~2)、T6(秸秆生物炭1.12 kg/m~2)和T7(灌浆期叶面喷施0.2%螯合铁肥)7个钝化处理。通过田间试验,研究不同钝化剂处理对土壤理化性质、Cd形态、水稻产量及糙米Cd含量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施加钝化剂后土壤pH降低了0.09～1.07个单位,有机质增加了2.48%～41.96%,速效钾增加了3.62%～103.91%,碱解氮降低了0.25%～29.71%,其中,T3、T5和T6能有效提高土壤有机质,且对土壤肥力影响较大。T1、T4和T6处理的Cd形态向更稳定的氧化态和残渣态转化。T1和T5处理下,不同品种水稻产量及糙米Cd含量均表现为CY>DY。因此,推荐以DY作为水稻品种,选用T5钝化处理作为修复酸性Cd污染农田具有较好的修复效果。
Heavy metals immobilization in situ plays a non-replaceable role in soil remediation, and the long-term effect of amended materials on heavy metals immobilization has been the hot topic. A field experiment was conducted in a acidic Cdcontaminated paddy soil with 7 treatments, i.e., T1(lime, 0.15 kg/m~2), T2(sepiolite, 1.12 kg/m~2), T3(lime, 0.15 kg/m~2, sepiolite,1.12 kg/m~2), T4(lime, 0.15 kg/m~2, sodium metasilicate, 30 g/m~2, 7 water magnesium sulfate, 7.5 g/m~2), T5(lime, 0.15 kg/m~2,humic acid, 75 g/m~2), T6(straw biochar, 1.12 kg/m~2), and T7(the leaf surface sprayed with 0.2% chelate iron fertilizer during the grouting period), to understand the effect of amendments on soil properties, Cd species, rice yield, and the accumulation in two rice varieties(i.e., DY: deyou 4727; CY: chuanyou 6203). The results showed that, compared with the control, soil pH reduced by 0.09～1.07, organic matter increased by 2.48%～41.96%, soil available potassium increased by 3.62%～103.91%, alkali solution nitrogen was reduced by 0.25%～29.71% in the treatments. Soil organic matter significantly increased in T3, T5 and T6, while these treatments had insignificantly effect on soil fertility. Cd become more stable and residue in T1, T4 and T6. The order of rice in two varieties and the content of Cd in brown rice showed as CY>DY in T1 and T5. Overall, DY was more suitable for Cd immobilization in acidic Cd-contaminated paddy soil than CY after T5 intervention.
Heavy metals immobilization in situ plays a non-replaceable role in soil remediation, and the long-term effect of amended materials on heavy metals immobilization has been the hot topic. A field experiment was conducted in a acidic Cdcontaminated paddy soil with 7 treatments, i.e., T1(lime, 0.15 kg/m~2), T2(sepiolite, 1.12 kg/m~2), T3(lime, 0.15 kg/m~2, sepiolite,1.12 kg/m~2), T4(lime, 0.15 kg/m~2, sodium metasilicate, 30 g/m~2, 7 water magnesium sulfate, 7.5 g/m~2), T5(lime, 0.15 kg/m~2,humic acid, 75 g/m~2), T6(straw biochar, 1.12 kg/m~2), and T7(the leaf surface sprayed with 0.2% chelate iron fertilizer during the grouting period), to understand the effect of amendments on soil properties, Cd species, rice yield, and the accumulation in two rice varieties(i.e., DY: deyou 4727; CY: chuanyou 6203). The results showed that, compared with the control, soil pH reduced by 0.09～1.07, organic matter increased by 2.48%～41.96%, soil available potassium increased by 3.62%～103.91%, alkali solution nitrogen was reduced by 0.25%～29.71% in the treatments. Soil organic matter significantly increased in T3, T5 and T6, while these treatments had insignificantly effect on soil fertility. Cd become more stable and residue in T1, T4 and T6. The order of rice in two varieties and the content of Cd in brown rice showed as CY>DY in T1 and T5. Overall, DY was more suitable for Cd immobilization in acidic Cd-contaminated paddy soil than CY after T5 intervention.
引文
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