宝象河雨季径流过程氮素输移特征及来源示踪
|
摘要
为探究滇池主要入湖河道的氮素来源及输移特征,研究于雨季对宝象河水系径流氮营养盐进行了系统监测,分析了宝象河径流过程中氮的浓度、赋存形态特征及其变化规律等环境过程,并对不同区位的氮来源进行了示踪.结果表明,干流总氮浓度从上至下呈现增长趋势,河源至中游地区以硝酸盐氮(NO_3~--N)为主,而下游则以氨氮(NH_4~+-N)为主.流域主要氮源总氮浓度从低到高依次为:雨水、村镇排污口、农田沟渠径流、城市排污口,其中农田沟渠径流以NO_3~--N为主,而其他三类则以NH_4~+-N为主.雨季宝象河流域各主要氮源的汇入是导致宝象河径流氮浓度及其赋存形态的变化的重要原因,不同氮源的氮赋存形态在一定程度上决定了对应受纳区河道径流氮赋存形态.干流水体δ~(15)N-NO_3~--N从河源至入湖口呈现先增后减的趋势,其变化范围是6.576‰—9.708‰.流域雨水、农田沟渠径流、村镇排污口和城市排污口等氮源δ~(15)N-NO_3~--N分别为3.389‰—5.619‰、6.681‰—19.623‰、5.031‰—9.278‰和5.497‰—7.02‰.降雨和土壤径流是河源氮素主要贡献源;农业源和村镇源是上游、中游地区氮素主要贡献源;宝象河下游除了农业源、村镇源外,城市源也是其主要贡献源.研究结果能为滇池流域氮素面源污染精确治理和调控提供依据.
To explore the sources and transport characteristics of nitrogen in the main inflow rivers of Dianchi Lake, the concentration of nutritious nitrogen contained in the surface runoff was systematically monitored within the Baoxiang River watershed during the rainy season. The environmental processes, such as nitrogen concentration, occurrence characteristics and associated varying pattern during the runoff flow process were explored. In addition, the nitrogen sources in different reaches were traced as well. The results showed: The total nitrogen(TN) concentration in the main stream of Baoxiang River increased from upstream to downstream. Nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N) dominates as the primary occurrence form of nitrogen from the source of river to the middle reaches, while ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N) is the main form of occurrence from lower reaches to the estuary. TN concentrations from the main nitrogen sources in the basin can be ranked from high to low as: rainwater, rural sewage outlets, farmland ditch runoff, urban sewage outlets, among which, NO_3~--N is the main form of nitrogen in farmland ditch runoff, while the remaining three are dominated by NH_4~+-N. In the rainy season, the import from the main nitrogen sources within the basin is the leading factor to the variance of nitrogen concentration and its occurrence forms, the forms of nitrogen from different nitrogen sources determines the nitrogen forms within runoff in the receiving areas to a certain extent. In main stream, δ~(15)N-NO_3~--N content ranges through 6.576‰ to 9.708‰, and it shows a decreasing trend after an increase at first from upstream to downstream. The δ~(15)N-NO_3~--N concentrations of nitrogen sources, i.e., rainwater, rural sewage outlets, farmland ditch runoff, urban sewage outlets, are 3.389‰—5.619‰, 6.681‰—19.623‰, 5.031‰—9.278‰ and 5.497‰—7.02‰, respectively. Rainfall and soil runoff are the main contributors of nitrogen to the area of the river source, and agricultural sources and village sources are the main contributors of nitrogen in the up and middle reaches. In addition on the sources of agriculture and village, urban source is the main contributor of the downstream as well. In conclusion, the results can be a basis for precise control and regulation of non-point nitrogen source pollution in the Dianchi River Basin.
To explore the sources and transport characteristics of nitrogen in the main inflow rivers of Dianchi Lake, the concentration of nutritious nitrogen contained in the surface runoff was systematically monitored within the Baoxiang River watershed during the rainy season. The environmental processes, such as nitrogen concentration, occurrence characteristics and associated varying pattern during the runoff flow process were explored. In addition, the nitrogen sources in different reaches were traced as well. The results showed: The total nitrogen(TN) concentration in the main stream of Baoxiang River increased from upstream to downstream. Nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N) dominates as the primary occurrence form of nitrogen from the source of river to the middle reaches, while ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N) is the main form of occurrence from lower reaches to the estuary. TN concentrations from the main nitrogen sources in the basin can be ranked from high to low as: rainwater, rural sewage outlets, farmland ditch runoff, urban sewage outlets, among which, NO_3~--N is the main form of nitrogen in farmland ditch runoff, while the remaining three are dominated by NH_4~+-N. In the rainy season, the import from the main nitrogen sources within the basin is the leading factor to the variance of nitrogen concentration and its occurrence forms, the forms of nitrogen from different nitrogen sources determines the nitrogen forms within runoff in the receiving areas to a certain extent. In main stream, δ~(15)N-NO_3~--N content ranges through 6.576‰ to 9.708‰, and it shows a decreasing trend after an increase at first from upstream to downstream. The δ~(15)N-NO_3~--N concentrations of nitrogen sources, i.e., rainwater, rural sewage outlets, farmland ditch runoff, urban sewage outlets, are 3.389‰—5.619‰, 6.681‰—19.623‰, 5.031‰—9.278‰ and 5.497‰—7.02‰, respectively. Rainfall and soil runoff are the main contributors of nitrogen to the area of the river source, and agricultural sources and village sources are the main contributors of nitrogen in the up and middle reaches. In addition on the sources of agriculture and village, urban source is the main contributor of the downstream as well. In conclusion, the results can be a basis for precise control and regulation of non-point nitrogen source pollution in the Dianchi River Basin.
引文
[1] ELIZABETH W B, CHRISTINE L G, NORBERT A J, et al. Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and relationships to riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern USA [J]. Biogeochemistry, 2002, 57(1): 137-169.
[2] HEATHWAITE A L, JOHNES P J, PETERS N E. Trends in nutrients and water quality [J]. Hydrologic Processes, 1996(10): 263-293.
[3] GRUBER N, GALLOWAY J N. An earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle [J]. Nature, 2008, 451(7176): 293-296.
[4] 刘允,孙宗光. 2001—2012 年全国水环境质量趋势分析[J]. 环境化学,2014,33(2):286-291.LIU Y, SUN Z G. Water quality tendency analysis of rivers and lakes in China from 2001 to 2012 [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014, 33(2): 286-291 (in Chinese).
[5] MARK R M. The urban transformation of the developing world [J]. Science, 2008, 319: 761-764.
[6] 刘家宏,王浩,高学睿,等. 城市水文学研究综述[J]. 科学通报,2014,59(36):3581-3590.LIU J H, WANG H, GAO X R, et al. Review on Urban Hydrology[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2014, 59(36): 3581-3590 (in Chinese).
[7] 阮晓红. “流域水循环系统氮的迁移转化及其污染控制”专栏前言[J]. 南京大学学报:自然科学版,2016,52(1):1-4.RUAN X H. “Migration, transformation and pollution control of Nitrogen in Basin water cycle system” Preface to the column[J]. Journal of Nanjing university(Nature sciences), 2016, 52(1): 1-4 (in Chinese).
[8] 陈吉宁. 流域面源污染控制技术——以滇池流域为例[M]. 北京:中国环境出版社,2009.CHEN J N. Nonpoint source pollution control: Case studies in Dianchi Lake catchments [M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2009 (in Chinese).
[9] 李中杰,郑一新,张大为,等. 滇池流域近20 年社会经济发展对水环境的影响[J]. 湖泊科学,2012,24(6):875-882.LI Z J, ZHENG Y X, ZHANG D W, et al. Impacts of 20-year socio-economic development on aquatic environment of Lake Dianchi Basin [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2012, 24(6): 875-882 (in Chinese).
[10] 展巨宏,李辉,李强,等. 河流综合截污工程对昆明船房河水质的改善效果[J]. 环境化学,2014,33(1):148-153.ZHAN J H, LI H, LI Q, et al. Effect of comprehensive river sewage closure treatment project on water quality in Chuanfang River, Kunming [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014, 33(1): 148-153 (in Chinese).
[11] 余冬,赵世民,李发荣. 昆明城市污水处理现状及对治理滇池的影响分析[J]. 环境科学导刊,2008,27(6):47-48.YU D, ZHAO S M, LI F R. Present situation of waste water treatment of Kunming and its effect on Dianchi Lake protection [J]. Environmental Science Survey, 2008, 27(6): 47-48 (in Chinese).
[12] 杨健强. 滇池污染的治理和生态保护[J]. 水利学报,2001(5):20-22.YANG J Q. Measures for pollution remedy and ecological protection in Dianchi Lake [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2001(5): 20-22 (in Chinese).
[13] 方涛,敖鸿毅,刘剑彤,等. 滇池水体理化环境状况时空分布格局研究[J]. 水生生物学报,2004,28(2):124-130.FANG T, AO H Y, LIU J T, et al. The spatio-temporal of water environmental status in Dianchi Lake [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2004, 28(2): 124-130 (in Chinese).
[14] XING K X, GUO H C, SUN Y F, et al. Assessment of spatial-temporal eutrophic character in the Lake Dianchi [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2005, 15(1): 37-43.
[15] 苏涛. “十一五”期间滇池水质变化及原因[J]. 环境科学导刊,2011,30(5):33-36.SU T. Change trend and reasons of water quality of Dianchi Lake during the Eleventh - Five - Year Plan period [J]. Environmental Science Survey, 2011, 30(5): 33-36 (in Chinese).
[16] 孙金华,曹晓峰,黄艺. 滇池水质时空特征及与流域人类活动的关系[J]. 湖泊科学,2012,24(3):347-354.SUN J H, CAO X F, HUANG Y. Relationships between spatial-temporal trends of water quality and the human activities in Lake Dianchi [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2012, 249(3): 347-354 (in Chinese).
[17] 马巍,李锦秀,田向荣,等. 滇池水污染治理及防治对策研究[J]. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2007,5(1):8-14.MA W, LI J X, TIAN X R, et al. Investigation on countermeasures for water environment management and water pollution prevention in Dianchi Lake [J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 2007, 5(1): 8-14 (in Chinese).
[18] 邓伟明,雷坤,苏会东,等. 2008 年滇池流域水环境承载力评估[J]. 环境科学研究,2012,25(4):372-376.DENG W M, LEI K, SU H D. Assessment of water environmental carrying capacity in the Dianchi Lake watershed in 2008[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 25(4): 372-376 (in Chinese).
[19] 李乐,王海芳,王圣瑞,等. 滇池河流氮入湖负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献[J]. 环境科学研究,2016,29(6):829-836.LI L, WANG H F, WANG S R, et al. Spatial and temporal changes in nitrogen loading of rivers into Dianchi Lake and contributions of different components [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016, 29(6): 829-836(in Chinese).
[20] 李跃勋,徐晓梅,何佳,等. 滇池流域点源污染控制与存在问题解析[J]. 湖泊科学,2010,22(5):633-639.LI Y X, XU X M, HE J, et al. Point source pollution control and problem in Lake Dianchi basin [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2010, 22(5): 633-639 (in Chinese).
[21] 余丽燕,杨浩,黄昌春,等. 夏季滇池和入滇河流氮、磷污染特征[J]. 湖泊科学,2016,28(5):961-971.YU L Y, YANG H, HUANG C C, et al. Characteristic of nitrogen and phosphorous pollution in Lake Dianchi and its inflow rivers in summer [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2016, 28(5): 961-971 (in Chinese).
[22] 张虎才,常凤琴,段立曾,等. 滇池水质特征及变化[J]. 地球科学进展,2017,32(6):651-659.ZHANG H C, CHANG F Q, DUAN L Z, et al. Water quality characteristics and variations of Lake Dian [J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2017, 32(6): 651-659(in Chinese).
[23] 徐晓梅,吴雪,何佳,等. 滇池流域水污染特征(1988—2014)年及防治对策[J]. 湖泊科学,2016,28(3):476-484.XU X M, WU X, HE J, et al. Research on the pollution characteristics of Dianchi watershed (1988—2014) and identification of countermeasures [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2016, 28(3): 476-484 (in Chinese).
[24] 高伟,周丰,郭怀成,等. 滇池流域高分辨率氮、磷排放清单[J]. 环境科学学报,2013,33(1):240-250.GAO W, ZHOU F, GUO H C, et al. High-resolution nitrogen and phosphorus emission inventories of Lake Dianchi Watershed [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013, 33(1): 240-250 (in Chinese).
[25] 李清光,王仕禄. 滇池流域硝酸盐污染的氮氧同位素示踪[J]. 地球与环境,2012,40(3):321-327.LI Q G, WANG S L. Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic tracing of nitrate pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin [J]. Earth and Environment, 2012, 40(3): 321-327 (in Chinese).
[26] 黄强盛,李清光,卢玮琦,等. 滇池流域地下水、河水硝酸盐污染及来源[J]. 地球与环境,2014,42(5):589-596.HUANG Q S, LI Q G, LU W Q, et al. Characteristics and potential sources of nitrate pollution in ground water and river water in the Dianchi Lake Basin [J]. Earth and Environment, 2014, 42(5): 589-596 (in Chinese).
[27] 赵磊,袁国林,张琰,等. 基于GIS和USLE模型对滇池宝象河流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J]. 水土保持通报,2007,27(3):42-46.ZHAO L, YUAN G L, ZHANG Y, et al. The amount of soil erosion in Baoxiang watershed of Dianchi Lake based on GIS and USLE [J]. Bulle tin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 27(3): 42-46 (in Chinese).
[28] DAVID A J, MARIA M C. Stream ecology: Structure and function of running waters [M]. Second Edition. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007.
[29] XING M, LIU W G. An improved method of ion exchange for nitrogen isotope analysis of water nitrate [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2011, 686(1-2): 107-114.
[30] MENG X, LIU W G. Using dual isotopes to identify sources and transformations of nitrogen in water catchments with different land uses, Loess Plateau of China [J]. Environment Science Pollution Research, 2016, 23: 388-401.
[31] 陈惟财,陈伟琪,张珞平,等. 九龙江流域地表水中硝酸盐来源辨析[J]. 环境科学,2008,29(6):1484-1487.CHEN W C, CHEN W Q, ZHANG L P, et al. Identifying sources of nitrate in surface water of Jiulong River watershed [J]. Environmental Science, 2008, 29(6): 1484-1487 (in Chinese).
[32] KALFF J. Limnology: Inland water ecosystem [M]. London: Pearson Education Group, 2002.
[33] 邢萌, 刘卫国. 雨水硝酸盐同位素研究现状及展望[J]. 地球环境学报,2012,3(4):995-1004.XING M, LIU W G. The progress and prospect of nitrate stable isotopes in rainwaters [J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 2012, 3(4): 995-1004 (in Chinese).
[34] KENDALL C, MCDONNELL J J. Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology [M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1998.
[35] 邢萌,刘卫国. 浐河、灞河硝酸盐端元贡献比例——基于硝酸盐氮、氧同位素研究[J]. 地球环境学报,2016,7(1):27-36.XING M, LIU W G. Nitrate source proportional contributions in the Chanhe and Bahe rivers-Using its isotopic ratios in combination with a Bayesian isotope mixing mode [J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 2016, 7(1): 27-36 (in Chinese).
[36] HEATON T H E. Isotopic studies of nitrogen pollution in the hydrosphere and atmosphere: A review[J]. Chemical Geology, 1986, 59(1):87-102.
[37] 李思亮,刘丛强,肖化云,等. δ15N 在贵阳地下水氮污染来源和转化过程中的辨识应用[J]. 地球化学,2005,34(3):257-262.LI S L, LIU C Q, XIAO H Y, et al. Using δ15N to assess groundwater nitrogen pollution in Guiyang [J]. Geochimica, 2005, 34(3): 257-262 (in Chinese).
[38] 徐志伟,张心昱,于贵瑞,等. 中国水体硝酸盐氮氧双稳定同位素溯源研究进展[J]. 环境科学,2014,35(8):3230-3237.XU Z W, ZHANG X Y, YU G R, et al. Review of dual stable isotope technique for nitrate source identification in surface-and groundwater in China [J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(8): 3230-3237 (in Chinese).
[2] HEATHWAITE A L, JOHNES P J, PETERS N E. Trends in nutrients and water quality [J]. Hydrologic Processes, 1996(10): 263-293.
[3] GRUBER N, GALLOWAY J N. An earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle [J]. Nature, 2008, 451(7176): 293-296.
[4] 刘允,孙宗光. 2001—2012 年全国水环境质量趋势分析[J]. 环境化学,2014,33(2):286-291.LIU Y, SUN Z G. Water quality tendency analysis of rivers and lakes in China from 2001 to 2012 [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014, 33(2): 286-291 (in Chinese).
[5] MARK R M. The urban transformation of the developing world [J]. Science, 2008, 319: 761-764.
[6] 刘家宏,王浩,高学睿,等. 城市水文学研究综述[J]. 科学通报,2014,59(36):3581-3590.LIU J H, WANG H, GAO X R, et al. Review on Urban Hydrology[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2014, 59(36): 3581-3590 (in Chinese).
[7] 阮晓红. “流域水循环系统氮的迁移转化及其污染控制”专栏前言[J]. 南京大学学报:自然科学版,2016,52(1):1-4.RUAN X H. “Migration, transformation and pollution control of Nitrogen in Basin water cycle system” Preface to the column[J]. Journal of Nanjing university(Nature sciences), 2016, 52(1): 1-4 (in Chinese).
[8] 陈吉宁. 流域面源污染控制技术——以滇池流域为例[M]. 北京:中国环境出版社,2009.CHEN J N. Nonpoint source pollution control: Case studies in Dianchi Lake catchments [M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2009 (in Chinese).
[9] 李中杰,郑一新,张大为,等. 滇池流域近20 年社会经济发展对水环境的影响[J]. 湖泊科学,2012,24(6):875-882.LI Z J, ZHENG Y X, ZHANG D W, et al. Impacts of 20-year socio-economic development on aquatic environment of Lake Dianchi Basin [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2012, 24(6): 875-882 (in Chinese).
[10] 展巨宏,李辉,李强,等. 河流综合截污工程对昆明船房河水质的改善效果[J]. 环境化学,2014,33(1):148-153.ZHAN J H, LI H, LI Q, et al. Effect of comprehensive river sewage closure treatment project on water quality in Chuanfang River, Kunming [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014, 33(1): 148-153 (in Chinese).
[11] 余冬,赵世民,李发荣. 昆明城市污水处理现状及对治理滇池的影响分析[J]. 环境科学导刊,2008,27(6):47-48.YU D, ZHAO S M, LI F R. Present situation of waste water treatment of Kunming and its effect on Dianchi Lake protection [J]. Environmental Science Survey, 2008, 27(6): 47-48 (in Chinese).
[12] 杨健强. 滇池污染的治理和生态保护[J]. 水利学报,2001(5):20-22.YANG J Q. Measures for pollution remedy and ecological protection in Dianchi Lake [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2001(5): 20-22 (in Chinese).
[13] 方涛,敖鸿毅,刘剑彤,等. 滇池水体理化环境状况时空分布格局研究[J]. 水生生物学报,2004,28(2):124-130.FANG T, AO H Y, LIU J T, et al. The spatio-temporal of water environmental status in Dianchi Lake [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2004, 28(2): 124-130 (in Chinese).
[14] XING K X, GUO H C, SUN Y F, et al. Assessment of spatial-temporal eutrophic character in the Lake Dianchi [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2005, 15(1): 37-43.
[15] 苏涛. “十一五”期间滇池水质变化及原因[J]. 环境科学导刊,2011,30(5):33-36.SU T. Change trend and reasons of water quality of Dianchi Lake during the Eleventh - Five - Year Plan period [J]. Environmental Science Survey, 2011, 30(5): 33-36 (in Chinese).
[16] 孙金华,曹晓峰,黄艺. 滇池水质时空特征及与流域人类活动的关系[J]. 湖泊科学,2012,24(3):347-354.SUN J H, CAO X F, HUANG Y. Relationships between spatial-temporal trends of water quality and the human activities in Lake Dianchi [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2012, 249(3): 347-354 (in Chinese).
[17] 马巍,李锦秀,田向荣,等. 滇池水污染治理及防治对策研究[J]. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2007,5(1):8-14.MA W, LI J X, TIAN X R, et al. Investigation on countermeasures for water environment management and water pollution prevention in Dianchi Lake [J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 2007, 5(1): 8-14 (in Chinese).
[18] 邓伟明,雷坤,苏会东,等. 2008 年滇池流域水环境承载力评估[J]. 环境科学研究,2012,25(4):372-376.DENG W M, LEI K, SU H D. Assessment of water environmental carrying capacity in the Dianchi Lake watershed in 2008[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 25(4): 372-376 (in Chinese).
[19] 李乐,王海芳,王圣瑞,等. 滇池河流氮入湖负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献[J]. 环境科学研究,2016,29(6):829-836.LI L, WANG H F, WANG S R, et al. Spatial and temporal changes in nitrogen loading of rivers into Dianchi Lake and contributions of different components [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016, 29(6): 829-836(in Chinese).
[20] 李跃勋,徐晓梅,何佳,等. 滇池流域点源污染控制与存在问题解析[J]. 湖泊科学,2010,22(5):633-639.LI Y X, XU X M, HE J, et al. Point source pollution control and problem in Lake Dianchi basin [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2010, 22(5): 633-639 (in Chinese).
[21] 余丽燕,杨浩,黄昌春,等. 夏季滇池和入滇河流氮、磷污染特征[J]. 湖泊科学,2016,28(5):961-971.YU L Y, YANG H, HUANG C C, et al. Characteristic of nitrogen and phosphorous pollution in Lake Dianchi and its inflow rivers in summer [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2016, 28(5): 961-971 (in Chinese).
[22] 张虎才,常凤琴,段立曾,等. 滇池水质特征及变化[J]. 地球科学进展,2017,32(6):651-659.ZHANG H C, CHANG F Q, DUAN L Z, et al. Water quality characteristics and variations of Lake Dian [J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2017, 32(6): 651-659(in Chinese).
[23] 徐晓梅,吴雪,何佳,等. 滇池流域水污染特征(1988—2014)年及防治对策[J]. 湖泊科学,2016,28(3):476-484.XU X M, WU X, HE J, et al. Research on the pollution characteristics of Dianchi watershed (1988—2014) and identification of countermeasures [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2016, 28(3): 476-484 (in Chinese).
[24] 高伟,周丰,郭怀成,等. 滇池流域高分辨率氮、磷排放清单[J]. 环境科学学报,2013,33(1):240-250.GAO W, ZHOU F, GUO H C, et al. High-resolution nitrogen and phosphorus emission inventories of Lake Dianchi Watershed [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013, 33(1): 240-250 (in Chinese).
[25] 李清光,王仕禄. 滇池流域硝酸盐污染的氮氧同位素示踪[J]. 地球与环境,2012,40(3):321-327.LI Q G, WANG S L. Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic tracing of nitrate pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin [J]. Earth and Environment, 2012, 40(3): 321-327 (in Chinese).
[26] 黄强盛,李清光,卢玮琦,等. 滇池流域地下水、河水硝酸盐污染及来源[J]. 地球与环境,2014,42(5):589-596.HUANG Q S, LI Q G, LU W Q, et al. Characteristics and potential sources of nitrate pollution in ground water and river water in the Dianchi Lake Basin [J]. Earth and Environment, 2014, 42(5): 589-596 (in Chinese).
[27] 赵磊,袁国林,张琰,等. 基于GIS和USLE模型对滇池宝象河流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J]. 水土保持通报,2007,27(3):42-46.ZHAO L, YUAN G L, ZHANG Y, et al. The amount of soil erosion in Baoxiang watershed of Dianchi Lake based on GIS and USLE [J]. Bulle tin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 27(3): 42-46 (in Chinese).
[28] DAVID A J, MARIA M C. Stream ecology: Structure and function of running waters [M]. Second Edition. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007.
[29] XING M, LIU W G. An improved method of ion exchange for nitrogen isotope analysis of water nitrate [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2011, 686(1-2): 107-114.
[30] MENG X, LIU W G. Using dual isotopes to identify sources and transformations of nitrogen in water catchments with different land uses, Loess Plateau of China [J]. Environment Science Pollution Research, 2016, 23: 388-401.
[31] 陈惟财,陈伟琪,张珞平,等. 九龙江流域地表水中硝酸盐来源辨析[J]. 环境科学,2008,29(6):1484-1487.CHEN W C, CHEN W Q, ZHANG L P, et al. Identifying sources of nitrate in surface water of Jiulong River watershed [J]. Environmental Science, 2008, 29(6): 1484-1487 (in Chinese).
[32] KALFF J. Limnology: Inland water ecosystem [M]. London: Pearson Education Group, 2002.
[33] 邢萌, 刘卫国. 雨水硝酸盐同位素研究现状及展望[J]. 地球环境学报,2012,3(4):995-1004.XING M, LIU W G. The progress and prospect of nitrate stable isotopes in rainwaters [J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 2012, 3(4): 995-1004 (in Chinese).
[34] KENDALL C, MCDONNELL J J. Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology [M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1998.
[35] 邢萌,刘卫国. 浐河、灞河硝酸盐端元贡献比例——基于硝酸盐氮、氧同位素研究[J]. 地球环境学报,2016,7(1):27-36.XING M, LIU W G. Nitrate source proportional contributions in the Chanhe and Bahe rivers-Using its isotopic ratios in combination with a Bayesian isotope mixing mode [J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 2016, 7(1): 27-36 (in Chinese).
[36] HEATON T H E. Isotopic studies of nitrogen pollution in the hydrosphere and atmosphere: A review[J]. Chemical Geology, 1986, 59(1):87-102.
[37] 李思亮,刘丛强,肖化云,等. δ15N 在贵阳地下水氮污染来源和转化过程中的辨识应用[J]. 地球化学,2005,34(3):257-262.LI S L, LIU C Q, XIAO H Y, et al. Using δ15N to assess groundwater nitrogen pollution in Guiyang [J]. Geochimica, 2005, 34(3): 257-262 (in Chinese).
[38] 徐志伟,张心昱,于贵瑞,等. 中国水体硝酸盐氮氧双稳定同位素溯源研究进展[J]. 环境科学,2014,35(8):3230-3237.XU Z W, ZHANG X Y, YU G R, et al. Review of dual stable isotope technique for nitrate source identification in surface-and groundwater in China [J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(8): 3230-3237 (in Chinese).
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |