日照紫菜养殖海域营养盐的时空分布特征及其与浮游植物群落结构的相关性分析
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摘要
2016年11月～2017年3月对山东日照阜鑫渔港紫菜(Pyropia sp.)养殖海域开展调查,分析该海域浮游植物群落结构和营养盐的时空分布特征及其相关性。结果显示,调查海区中无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO_4~(3–)-P)及硅酸盐(SiO_3~(2–)-Si)浓度均表现为自近岸海区到外海区逐渐降低的趋势;硝酸盐、SiO_3~(2–)-Si、PO_4~(3–)-P、DIN和溶解有机氮(DON)等营养盐的浓度均因月份的不同具有显著差异;调查海区营养水平总体为中营养型,浮游植物丰度为(0.049～3.031)×10~4 cells/L,浮游植物的生长受控于SiO_3~(2–)-Si和PO_4~(3–)-P的几率较大;该海区共检出硅藻门27属37种,甲藻门7属8种,金藻门1属1种,主要优势种为骨条藻(Skeletonema sp.)、角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.)、圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus sp.)等;盐度的大幅降低和丰富的营养盐、氨氮(NH_(4+)~(-N))和PO_4~(3–)-P浓度的显著变化可能分别是导致1、3月浮游植物多样性指数显著降低的主要原因;调查海区NH_(4+)~(-N)浓度和DIN/P值与浮游植物多样性指数均呈负相关关系,其中,非紫菜养殖区的负相关程度达到显著水平,而养殖区的负相关程度不显著,表明条斑紫菜(Pyropiayezoensis)养殖可能有利于降低该海域的NH_(4+)~(-N)水平和DIN/P值、提高浮游植物群落结构稳定性及物种多样性,从而有利于防止赤潮的发生。研究结果可为该海域环境保护、赤潮防治以及水产养殖活动的开展等提供基础数据。
The culture area of Pyropia sp. at Fuxin fishing port, in Rizhao City, China, were investigated from November 2016 to March 2017. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the nutrient and community structures of phytoplankton and their relationships were analyzed. The main conclusions were as follows: Generally, the spatial horizontal distribution of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate concentrations showed a decreasing trend between the nearshore area and offshore sea areas. Nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations were significantly different in the different months. Over, all the surveyed sea area was at a mesotrophic level. The range of phytoplankton density was(0.049～3.031) × 10~4 cells/L and the phytoplankton growth was likely to be controlled by the silicate and phosphate. 37 species of diatom belonging to 27 genera, followed by dinoflagellates represented by 8 taxa(7 genera) and chrysophyceae by 1 taxa(1 genera) were recorded. The most common and dominant species were Skeletonema sp., Chaetoceros sp., and Coscinodiscus sp. The diversity index of phytoplankton decreased significantly in January and March, which may be caused by the sharp decrease in salinity and richness of nutrients in January, significant rises in ammonia nitrogen concentrations, and significant decrease in phosphate concentration in March. The ammonia nitrogen concentration and DIN/P ratio were both negatively correlated with the diversity index of phytoplankton. The negative relationship was significant for the non-cultured area, while it was not significant for the cultured area. It can be inferred from the above correlation analysis results that Pyropia sp. cultivation is beneficial for reducing the ammonia nitrogen levels and DIN/P ratio in the sea area, thus increasing the stability of phytoplankton community structures and the species diversity of phytoplankton, which will help to prevent the occurrence of red tides. These results provide information valuable for marine environment protection, red tide prevention and future developments of aquaculture systems.
The culture area of Pyropia sp. at Fuxin fishing port, in Rizhao City, China, were investigated from November 2016 to March 2017. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the nutrient and community structures of phytoplankton and their relationships were analyzed. The main conclusions were as follows: Generally, the spatial horizontal distribution of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate concentrations showed a decreasing trend between the nearshore area and offshore sea areas. Nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations were significantly different in the different months. Over, all the surveyed sea area was at a mesotrophic level. The range of phytoplankton density was(0.049～3.031) × 10~4 cells/L and the phytoplankton growth was likely to be controlled by the silicate and phosphate. 37 species of diatom belonging to 27 genera, followed by dinoflagellates represented by 8 taxa(7 genera) and chrysophyceae by 1 taxa(1 genera) were recorded. The most common and dominant species were Skeletonema sp., Chaetoceros sp., and Coscinodiscus sp. The diversity index of phytoplankton decreased significantly in January and March, which may be caused by the sharp decrease in salinity and richness of nutrients in January, significant rises in ammonia nitrogen concentrations, and significant decrease in phosphate concentration in March. The ammonia nitrogen concentration and DIN/P ratio were both negatively correlated with the diversity index of phytoplankton. The negative relationship was significant for the non-cultured area, while it was not significant for the cultured area. It can be inferred from the above correlation analysis results that Pyropia sp. cultivation is beneficial for reducing the ammonia nitrogen levels and DIN/P ratio in the sea area, thus increasing the stability of phytoplankton community structures and the species diversity of phytoplankton, which will help to prevent the occurrence of red tides. These results provide information valuable for marine environment protection, red tide prevention and future developments of aquaculture systems.
引文
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Wang HB,Li XS,Song XM,et al.Effect of Porphyra yezoensis farming on the structure and genetic diversity of phytoplankton community in Haizhou Bay.Marine Sciences,2014,38(12):103-109[王洪斌,李信书,宋秀梅,等.海州湾条斑紫菜养殖对浮游藻类群落结构及遗传多样性的影响.海洋科学,2014,38(12):103-109]
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Xu H,Zhang GC,Li YY,et al.Progress in bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen to phytoplankton in the coastal ecosystems.Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2016(4):59-67[徐环,张桂成,李悦悦,等.近海溶解有机氮对浮游植物生物可利用性研究进展.海洋湖沼通报,2016(4):59-67]
Wu YH,Wang LB.Water environment evaluation in Futuan watershed and industrial structure optimization.Territory and Natural Resources Study,2004(4):76-77[吴艳红,王立本.傅疃河流域水环境现状评价及工业结构优化对策.国土与自然资源研究,2004(4):76-77]
Zhao R,Sun ZZ,Zhang YP,et al.The netz-phytoplankton assemblage structure of Qingcaosha Reservoir adjacent water.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2014,35(3):9-18[赵冉,孙振中,张玉平,等.青草沙邻近水域网采浮游植物群落结构特征.渔业科学进展,2014,35(3):9-18](编辑陈严)
An F,Tao JH.Method of two-grade fuzzy synthesis assessment for seawater eutrophication and its application in Bohai Bay.Marine Environmental Science,2008,27(4):68-71[安斐,陶建华.渤海湾海水富营养化的二级模糊综合评价方法及其应用.海洋环境科学,2008,27(4):68-71]
Benitez-Nelson CR.The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in marine systems.Earth-Science Reviews,2000,51(1-4):109-135
Huang BQ,Hong HS,Wang HL.Application of microphytoplankton in environmental science research.Fujian Environment,1995,12(4):18-19[黄邦钦,洪华生,王海黎.微型浮游植物在环境科学研究中的应用.福建环境,1995,12(4):18-19]
Huang XP,Huang LM,Tan YH,et al.Relationship between red tide and environmental conditions in coastal waters.Marine Environmental Science,2002,21(4):63-69[黄小平,黄良民,谭烨辉,等.近海赤潮发生与环境条件之间的关系.海洋环境科学,2002,21(4):63-69]
Justi?D,Rabalais NN,Turner RE.Stoichiometric nutrient balance and origin of coastal eutrophication.Marine Pollution Bulletin,1995,30(1):41-46
Li J.The research of nutrient structure and its function on the succession of phytoplankton predominant species in the high frequent harmful algae blooms occurrence areas in East China sea.Master's Thesis of Ocean University of China,2008[李京.东海赤潮高发区营养盐结构及对浮游植物优势种演替的作用研究.中国海洋大学硕士研究生学位论文,2008]
Li QX,Tao JH.Application of phytoplankton community indexes in coastal eutrophication assessment.China Environmental Science,1999,19(6):548-551[李清雪,陶建华.应用浮游植物群落结构指数评价海域富营养化.中国环境科学,1999,19(6):548-551]
Li X.Effects of mariculture on the phytoplankton community and water quality.Master's Thesis of Jinan University,2009[李宵.海水养殖对浮游植物群落结构和水质的影响.暨南大学硕士研究生学位论文,2009]
Liu JT,Wang M,Liu SJ,et al.Pollutant source apportionment of shallow groundwater in Taoluo area,Rizhao City.Yangtze River,2017,48(9):12-15[刘久潭,王敏,刘书江,等.日照市涛雒地区浅层地下水污染源解析.人民长江,2017,48(9):12-15]
Liu LJ.HABs'actuality and prevention.Shandong Fisheries,2005(9):19-21[刘丽娟.赤潮现状及防治对策.齐鲁渔业,2005(9):19-21]
Liu XY,Yan JH.Investigation on water quality of Futuan River in Rizhao,China.Environment and Sustainable Development,2017,42(5):172-173[刘昕宇,颜景浩.关于日照傅疃河水质调查分析.环境与可持续发展,2017,42(5):172-173]
Qian HL,Liang S,Qi YZ.Study of the characteristics and the causes of formation on the red tides in coastal Guangdong sea.Ecologic Science,2000,19(3):8-16[钱宏林,梁松,齐雨藻.广东沿海赤潮的特点及成因研究.生态科学,2000,19(3):8-16]
Redfield AC,Ketchum BH,Richards FA.The influence of organisms on the composition of seawater.Sea,1963,40(6):640-644
Shen YF,Gu MR,Gong XJ,et al.New technology of microbiological monitoring.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1990[沈韫芬,顾曼如,龚循矩,等.微型生物监测新技术.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1990]
Shi Q.Research progress on nutrient limitation of phytoplankton.Science and Technology Information,2012(21):114-115[史乾.浮游植物营养盐限制的研究进展.科技资讯,2012(21):114-115]
Sun XM,Xia B,Guo F,et al.Structure characteristics of phytoplankton community and the relationship with environmental factors in offshore area of Laoshan,Qingdao.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(3):46-53[孙雪梅,夏斌,过锋,等.青岛崂山近岸海域浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.渔业科学进展,2013,34(3):46-53]
Sun XM,Xu DH,Xia B,et al.Species composition and seasonal variation of netz-phytoplankton in the central Bohai Sea.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(4):19-27[孙雪梅,徐东会,夏斌,等.渤海中部网采浮游植物种类组成和季节变化.渔业科学进展,2016,37(4):19-27]
Tréguer P,Nelson DM,Van Bennekom AJ,et al.The silica balance in the world ocean:A reestimate.Science,1995,268(5209):375-379
Wang D,Huang CX,Huang BQ,et al.Physiological responses of two typical species of diatoms to phosphorus stress in Yellow Sea.Marine Sciences,2008,32(5):22-27[王丹,黄春秀,黄邦钦,等.黄海两种典型硅藻的磷胁迫生理研究.海洋科学,2008,32(5):22-27]
Wang HB,Li XS,Song XM,et al.Effect of Porphyra yezoensis farming on the structure and genetic diversity of phytoplankton community in Haizhou Bay.Marine Sciences,2014,38(12):103-109[王洪斌,李信书,宋秀梅,等.海州湾条斑紫菜养殖对浮游藻类群落结构及遗传多样性的影响.海洋科学,2014,38(12):103-109]
Wang YH,LZB,Fang Y,et al.Relationship between structure of nutrient and diversity index of nanophytoplankton in Weihai coastal seawater.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2014,35(2):1-7[王育红,吕振波,房燕,等.威海海域微型浮游植物多样性指数与营养盐结构的关系.渔业科学进展,2014,35(2):1-7]
Xu H,Zhang GC,Li YY,et al.Progress in bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen to phytoplankton in the coastal ecosystems.Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2016(4):59-67[徐环,张桂成,李悦悦,等.近海溶解有机氮对浮游植物生物可利用性研究进展.海洋湖沼通报,2016(4):59-67]
Wu YH,Wang LB.Water environment evaluation in Futuan watershed and industrial structure optimization.Territory and Natural Resources Study,2004(4):76-77[吴艳红,王立本.傅疃河流域水环境现状评价及工业结构优化对策.国土与自然资源研究,2004(4):76-77]
Zhao R,Sun ZZ,Zhang YP,et al.The netz-phytoplankton assemblage structure of Qingcaosha Reservoir adjacent water.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2014,35(3):9-18[赵冉,孙振中,张玉平,等.青草沙邻近水域网采浮游植物群落结构特征.渔业科学进展,2014,35(3):9-18](编辑陈严)