河北昌黎海域大型底栖动物群落特征及青岛文昌鱼资源现状
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摘要
于2017年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)对河北昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区海域大型底栖动物群落特征及青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense)资源现状进行调查。结果表明,春夏两季分别鉴定出大型底栖动物56和50种,种类组成皆以环节动物为主;大型底栖动物平均栖息密度为87.11 m~(-2),平均生物量为11.13 g·m~(-2);青岛文昌鱼平均栖息密度为31.36 m~(-2),平均生物量为1.44 g·m~(-2),体长为0.50～4.45 cm,Ⅱ、Ⅲ龄青岛文昌鱼占优势地位,体重为0.3～109.4 mg,优势体重组为>20～40和0～20 mg,昌黎海域青岛文昌鱼个体偏小,与历史资料对比发现,青岛文昌鱼资源量正在逐年减少。春夏两季大型底栖动物多样性指数变化趋势相似,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均值显示该海域大型底栖动物生境一般;采用Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和多维排列尺度(MDS)分析相结合的方法研究春夏季大型底栖动物群落结构,结果表明春季可分为5个群组,夏季可分为2个群组,群组组成差异较大。
In spring(May) and summer(August) of 2017, the community characteristics of macrobenthos and status quo of Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense resources were investigated in Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province. The results show that 56 species and 50 species of macrobenthos were identified in spring and summer respectively, and most species in both seasons belong to Annelids. The average abundance of macrobenthos was 87.11 m~(-2), while the average biomass was 11.13 g·m~(-2); the average abundance of B. belcheri tsingtauense was 31.36 m~(-2), while the average biomass was 1.44 g·m~(-2). The body length of B. belcheri tsingtauense ranged from 0.50 to 4.45 cm, and most individuals were in Ⅱ-age and Ⅲ-age. The body weight ranged from 0.3 to 109.4 mg, and the dominant weight groups were >20-40 and 0-20 mg. The B. belcheri tsingtauense in the Changli sea area was small, compared with historical data; the amount of B. belcheri tsingtauense resources had been decreasing. The changes in biodiversity indices in spring and summer represented similar trends, and the average Shannon-Wiener Index indicates that the habitat quality was moderate. Both clustering analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity coefficient and multi-dimensional scaling(MDS) were carried out to analyze the macrobenthic community structure in the two seasons. The macrobenthic community in spring was divided into 5 groups, while it was divided into only 2 groups in summer. The difference between community compositions was obvious, which indicates that the community structure changed greatly across seasons.
In spring(May) and summer(August) of 2017, the community characteristics of macrobenthos and status quo of Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense resources were investigated in Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province. The results show that 56 species and 50 species of macrobenthos were identified in spring and summer respectively, and most species in both seasons belong to Annelids. The average abundance of macrobenthos was 87.11 m~(-2), while the average biomass was 11.13 g·m~(-2); the average abundance of B. belcheri tsingtauense was 31.36 m~(-2), while the average biomass was 1.44 g·m~(-2). The body length of B. belcheri tsingtauense ranged from 0.50 to 4.45 cm, and most individuals were in Ⅱ-age and Ⅲ-age. The body weight ranged from 0.3 to 109.4 mg, and the dominant weight groups were >20-40 and 0-20 mg. The B. belcheri tsingtauense in the Changli sea area was small, compared with historical data; the amount of B. belcheri tsingtauense resources had been decreasing. The changes in biodiversity indices in spring and summer represented similar trends, and the average Shannon-Wiener Index indicates that the habitat quality was moderate. Both clustering analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity coefficient and multi-dimensional scaling(MDS) were carried out to analyze the macrobenthic community structure in the two seasons. The macrobenthic community in spring was divided into 5 groups, while it was divided into only 2 groups in summer. The difference between community compositions was obvious, which indicates that the community structure changed greatly across seasons.
引文
[1] 胡镜荣,王月霄,顾建清.昌黎黄金海岸自然保护区功能分区和管理研究[J].河北省科学院学报,1993,10(2):28-34.[HU Jing-rong,WANG Yue-xiao,GU Jian-qing.Study on Functional Division of Regions and Management in Changli Golden Coast Nature Reserve[J].Journal of the Hebei Academy of Sciences,1993,10(2):28-34.]
[2] 李永强,李捷,刘会莲,等.海州湾大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的研究[J].海洋科学,2013,37(4):6-12.[LI Yong-qiang,LI Jie,LIU Hui-lian,et al.The Abundance and Biomass of Macrobenthos in Haizhou Bay[J].Marine Sciences,2013,37(4):6-12.]
[3] SHI J H,LI G X,WANG P.Anthropogenic Influences on the Tidal Prism and Water Exchanges in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2011,27(1):57-72.
[4] 周才武.中国文昌鱼的比较研究[J].山东大学学报(自然科学),1958(1):162-204.[ZHOU Cai-wu.A Comparative Study on the Chinese Amphioxus[J].Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science),1958(1):162-204.]
[5] 张士璀,吴贤汉.从文昌鱼个体发生谈脊椎动物起源[J].海洋科学,1995,19(4):15-21.
[6] 方琦,周仁杰,钟指挥.白氏文昌鱼幼鱼对海水温度和盐度变化的耐受力研究[J].水产科技情报,2010,37(6):274-278,281.
[7] 苏艺,刘佳,韩晓庆,等.海水养殖对海洋生态环境的影响:以河北省昌黎县为例[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(3):306-309.
[8] 吴凯,周卫彪,高伟明.昌黎海域文昌鱼栖息环境的时空变化[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(10):343-346.
[9] GB 17378.7—2007,海洋监测规范第七部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测[S].[GB 17378.7-2007,The Specification for Marine Monitoring:Part 7:Ecological Survey for Offshore Pollution and Biological Monitoring[S].]
[10] LAMPITT R S,WISHNER K F,TURLEY C M,et al.Marine Snow Studies in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean:Distribution,Composition and Role as a Food Source for Migrating Plankton[J].Marine Biology,1993,116(4):689-702.
[11] HJ 442—2008,近岸海域环境监测规范[S].[HJ 442-2008,Specification for Offshore Environmental Monitoring[S].]
[12] 国家海洋局908专项办公室.海洋生物生态调查技术规程[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:63.
[13] CLARKE K R.Non-Parametric Multivariate Analyses of Changes in Community Structure[J].Austral Ecology,1993,18(1):117-143.
[14] CLARKE K R,GORLEY R N,SOMERFIELD P J,et al.Change in Marine Communities:An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation[J].Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine New York,2005,40(5):689-692.
[15] 李莉,张建乐,牛纪祝,等.秦皇岛入海口邻近海域夏季大型底栖动物群落结构变化及影响因子研究[J].海洋学研究,2014,32(4):83-89.[LI Li,ZHANG Jian-le,NIU Ji-zhu,et al.Study on the Community Structural Variation of Macrobenthos and Impact Factors in the Adjacent Sea Area of Qinhuangdao Estuary in Summer[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2014,32(4):83-89.]
[16] 赵志楠,梁晓林,张月明,等.河北昌黎生态监控区8月份大型底栖动物多样性研究[J].海洋科学进展,2014,32(3):363-373.[ZHAO Zhi-nan,LIANG Xiao-lin,ZHANG Yue-ming,et al.Studies on the Biodiversity of Marcrozoobenthos in August in Changli Ecological Monitoring Area of Hebei Province[J].Advances in Marine Science,2014,32(3):363-373.]
[17] KOU C H,ZHANG Q T,YU H,et al.Community Characteristics of Macrobenthos Community in Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve of Hebei in China[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2017,19(2):38-50.
[18] 杨梅,李新正,徐勇,等.胶州湾潮下带大型底栖动物群落的季节变化[J].生物多样性,2016,24(7):820-830.[YANG Mei,LI Xin-zheng,XU Yong,et al.Seasonal Variations in Macrobenthic Communities in the Subtidal Zones of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Biodiversity Science,2016,24(7):820-830.]
[19] 曲方圆,于子山,隋吉星,等.丰度生物量比较法应用局限性[J].海洋科学,2009,33(6):118-121.[QU Fang-yuan,YU Zi-shan,SUI Ji-xing,et al.The Li Mitations of Abundance Biomass Comparison Method[J].Marine Sciences,2009,33(6):118-121.]
[20] BORJA A,MUXIKA I.Guidelines for the Use of AMBI (AZTI′s Marine Biotic Index) in the Assessment of the Benthic Ecological Quality[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2005,50(7):787-789.
[21] 龚志军,谢平,唐汇涓,等.水体富营养化对大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(3):210-216.[GONG Zhi-jun,XIE Ping,TANG Hui-juan,et al.The Influence of Eutrophycation Upon Community Structure and Biodiversity of Macrozoobenthos[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2001,25(3):210-216.]
[22] 洛昊,段新玉,金照光,等.昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区海上范围与功能调整研究[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(6):885-890.[LUO Hao,DUAN Xin-yu,JIN Zhao-guang,et al.Study on Scope and Function Adjustment of Changli Golden Beach National Ocean Natural Preserve[J].Marine Environmental Science,2015,34(6):885-890.]
[23] 赵蕾,曹议丹,高伟明.昌黎县海洋环境承载力评估研究[J].海洋科学,2016,40(8):84-90.[ZHAO Lei,CAO Yi-dan,GAO Wei-ming.Assessment of Marine Environmental Carrying Capacity in Changli County[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(8):84-90.]
[24] 黄良敏,黎中宝,吝涛,等.厦门国家级珍稀海洋物种自然保护区文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)种群健康评价[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(1):103-110.[HUANG Liang-min,LI Zhang-bao,LI Tao,et al.Assessment on Branchiostoma belcheri Stock Health in Xiamen National Rare Marine Species Nature Reserve[J].Oceanlogia et Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(1):103-110.]
[25] 饶义勇,张慧萍,林聃,等.厦门海域文昌鱼及其他大型底栖动物资源现状研究[J].海洋通报,2015,34(5):577-585.[RAO Yi-yong,ZHANG Hui-ping,LIN Dan,et al.Research on the Status of Amphioxus and other Macrofauna Resources in Xiamen Waters[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2015,34(5):577-585.]
[26] 方少华,吕小梅,张跃平.厦门国家级自然保护区厦门文昌鱼资源及其保护[J].海洋科学,2002,26(10):9-12.[FANG Shao-hua,Lü Xiao-mei,ZHANG Yue-ping.Resources and Protetion of Amphioxus(Branchiostoma belcheri) in Xiamen National Natural Reserve Area of Rare Marine Species[J].Marine Sciences,2002,26(10):9-12.]
[27] 周秋麟,何明海,邵合道,等.厦门黄厝海区文昌鱼的分布及其与底质的关系[J].台湾海峡,1990,9(2):185-189.[ZHOU Qiu-lin,HE Ming-hai,SHAO He-dao,et al.Distribution of Lancelet and Its Relationship to Bottom Soil in Huangcuo Waters of Xiamen[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1990,9(2):185-189.]
[28] 马明辉,张志南,冯志权,等.滦河口青岛文昌鱼分布与栖息地底质特征[J].海洋环境科学,2005,24(2):39-42.[MA Ming-hui,ZHANG Zhi-nan,FENG Zhi-quan,et al.The Characteristics of Sediments and Distribution of Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtaneues in Luanhe Estuary[J].Marine Environmental Science,2005,24(2):39-42.]
[29] 周卫彪,吴凯,高伟明,等.昌黎海域文昌鱼时空分布及其与栖息地底质关系的探究[J].海洋科学进展,2014,32(1):68-77.[ZHOU Wei-biao,WU Kai,GAO Wei-ming,et al.The Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Amphioxus and Its Relation to the Bottom Sediments in the Changli Waters[J].Advances in Marine Science,2014,32(1):68-77.]
[30] 张丽云,蔡湛,李庆辰,等.滦河的水沙关系及水利工程对下游河道的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(15):3222-3225.[ZHANG Li-yun,CAI Zhan,LI Qing-chen,et al.The Runoff-Silt Relationship in Luanhe River Basin and Effects of the Water Conservancy Projects on the Lower Reaches[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2012,51(15):3222-3225.]
[2] 李永强,李捷,刘会莲,等.海州湾大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的研究[J].海洋科学,2013,37(4):6-12.[LI Yong-qiang,LI Jie,LIU Hui-lian,et al.The Abundance and Biomass of Macrobenthos in Haizhou Bay[J].Marine Sciences,2013,37(4):6-12.]
[3] SHI J H,LI G X,WANG P.Anthropogenic Influences on the Tidal Prism and Water Exchanges in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2011,27(1):57-72.
[4] 周才武.中国文昌鱼的比较研究[J].山东大学学报(自然科学),1958(1):162-204.[ZHOU Cai-wu.A Comparative Study on the Chinese Amphioxus[J].Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science),1958(1):162-204.]
[5] 张士璀,吴贤汉.从文昌鱼个体发生谈脊椎动物起源[J].海洋科学,1995,19(4):15-21.
[6] 方琦,周仁杰,钟指挥.白氏文昌鱼幼鱼对海水温度和盐度变化的耐受力研究[J].水产科技情报,2010,37(6):274-278,281.
[7] 苏艺,刘佳,韩晓庆,等.海水养殖对海洋生态环境的影响:以河北省昌黎县为例[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(3):306-309.
[8] 吴凯,周卫彪,高伟明.昌黎海域文昌鱼栖息环境的时空变化[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(10):343-346.
[9] GB 17378.7—2007,海洋监测规范第七部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测[S].[GB 17378.7-2007,The Specification for Marine Monitoring:Part 7:Ecological Survey for Offshore Pollution and Biological Monitoring[S].]
[10] LAMPITT R S,WISHNER K F,TURLEY C M,et al.Marine Snow Studies in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean:Distribution,Composition and Role as a Food Source for Migrating Plankton[J].Marine Biology,1993,116(4):689-702.
[11] HJ 442—2008,近岸海域环境监测规范[S].[HJ 442-2008,Specification for Offshore Environmental Monitoring[S].]
[12] 国家海洋局908专项办公室.海洋生物生态调查技术规程[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:63.
[13] CLARKE K R.Non-Parametric Multivariate Analyses of Changes in Community Structure[J].Austral Ecology,1993,18(1):117-143.
[14] CLARKE K R,GORLEY R N,SOMERFIELD P J,et al.Change in Marine Communities:An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation[J].Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine New York,2005,40(5):689-692.
[15] 李莉,张建乐,牛纪祝,等.秦皇岛入海口邻近海域夏季大型底栖动物群落结构变化及影响因子研究[J].海洋学研究,2014,32(4):83-89.[LI Li,ZHANG Jian-le,NIU Ji-zhu,et al.Study on the Community Structural Variation of Macrobenthos and Impact Factors in the Adjacent Sea Area of Qinhuangdao Estuary in Summer[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2014,32(4):83-89.]
[16] 赵志楠,梁晓林,张月明,等.河北昌黎生态监控区8月份大型底栖动物多样性研究[J].海洋科学进展,2014,32(3):363-373.[ZHAO Zhi-nan,LIANG Xiao-lin,ZHANG Yue-ming,et al.Studies on the Biodiversity of Marcrozoobenthos in August in Changli Ecological Monitoring Area of Hebei Province[J].Advances in Marine Science,2014,32(3):363-373.]
[17] KOU C H,ZHANG Q T,YU H,et al.Community Characteristics of Macrobenthos Community in Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve of Hebei in China[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2017,19(2):38-50.
[18] 杨梅,李新正,徐勇,等.胶州湾潮下带大型底栖动物群落的季节变化[J].生物多样性,2016,24(7):820-830.[YANG Mei,LI Xin-zheng,XU Yong,et al.Seasonal Variations in Macrobenthic Communities in the Subtidal Zones of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Biodiversity Science,2016,24(7):820-830.]
[19] 曲方圆,于子山,隋吉星,等.丰度生物量比较法应用局限性[J].海洋科学,2009,33(6):118-121.[QU Fang-yuan,YU Zi-shan,SUI Ji-xing,et al.The Li Mitations of Abundance Biomass Comparison Method[J].Marine Sciences,2009,33(6):118-121.]
[20] BORJA A,MUXIKA I.Guidelines for the Use of AMBI (AZTI′s Marine Biotic Index) in the Assessment of the Benthic Ecological Quality[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2005,50(7):787-789.
[21] 龚志军,谢平,唐汇涓,等.水体富营养化对大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(3):210-216.[GONG Zhi-jun,XIE Ping,TANG Hui-juan,et al.The Influence of Eutrophycation Upon Community Structure and Biodiversity of Macrozoobenthos[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2001,25(3):210-216.]
[22] 洛昊,段新玉,金照光,等.昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区海上范围与功能调整研究[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(6):885-890.[LUO Hao,DUAN Xin-yu,JIN Zhao-guang,et al.Study on Scope and Function Adjustment of Changli Golden Beach National Ocean Natural Preserve[J].Marine Environmental Science,2015,34(6):885-890.]
[23] 赵蕾,曹议丹,高伟明.昌黎县海洋环境承载力评估研究[J].海洋科学,2016,40(8):84-90.[ZHAO Lei,CAO Yi-dan,GAO Wei-ming.Assessment of Marine Environmental Carrying Capacity in Changli County[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(8):84-90.]
[24] 黄良敏,黎中宝,吝涛,等.厦门国家级珍稀海洋物种自然保护区文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)种群健康评价[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(1):103-110.[HUANG Liang-min,LI Zhang-bao,LI Tao,et al.Assessment on Branchiostoma belcheri Stock Health in Xiamen National Rare Marine Species Nature Reserve[J].Oceanlogia et Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(1):103-110.]
[25] 饶义勇,张慧萍,林聃,等.厦门海域文昌鱼及其他大型底栖动物资源现状研究[J].海洋通报,2015,34(5):577-585.[RAO Yi-yong,ZHANG Hui-ping,LIN Dan,et al.Research on the Status of Amphioxus and other Macrofauna Resources in Xiamen Waters[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2015,34(5):577-585.]
[26] 方少华,吕小梅,张跃平.厦门国家级自然保护区厦门文昌鱼资源及其保护[J].海洋科学,2002,26(10):9-12.[FANG Shao-hua,Lü Xiao-mei,ZHANG Yue-ping.Resources and Protetion of Amphioxus(Branchiostoma belcheri) in Xiamen National Natural Reserve Area of Rare Marine Species[J].Marine Sciences,2002,26(10):9-12.]
[27] 周秋麟,何明海,邵合道,等.厦门黄厝海区文昌鱼的分布及其与底质的关系[J].台湾海峡,1990,9(2):185-189.[ZHOU Qiu-lin,HE Ming-hai,SHAO He-dao,et al.Distribution of Lancelet and Its Relationship to Bottom Soil in Huangcuo Waters of Xiamen[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1990,9(2):185-189.]
[28] 马明辉,张志南,冯志权,等.滦河口青岛文昌鱼分布与栖息地底质特征[J].海洋环境科学,2005,24(2):39-42.[MA Ming-hui,ZHANG Zhi-nan,FENG Zhi-quan,et al.The Characteristics of Sediments and Distribution of Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtaneues in Luanhe Estuary[J].Marine Environmental Science,2005,24(2):39-42.]
[29] 周卫彪,吴凯,高伟明,等.昌黎海域文昌鱼时空分布及其与栖息地底质关系的探究[J].海洋科学进展,2014,32(1):68-77.[ZHOU Wei-biao,WU Kai,GAO Wei-ming,et al.The Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Amphioxus and Its Relation to the Bottom Sediments in the Changli Waters[J].Advances in Marine Science,2014,32(1):68-77.]
[30] 张丽云,蔡湛,李庆辰,等.滦河的水沙关系及水利工程对下游河道的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(15):3222-3225.[ZHANG Li-yun,CAI Zhan,LI Qing-chen,et al.The Runoff-Silt Relationship in Luanhe River Basin and Effects of the Water Conservancy Projects on the Lower Reaches[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2012,51(15):3222-3225.]
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