咸淡水交替灌溉对滨海盐碱土水盐运移的影响
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摘要
滨海盐碱土透水透气性差,盐分含量高,严重制约了农业生产。为寻找较优的灌溉模式,拟开展室内土柱试验,主要分析了3种矿化度水平(3 g/L,6 g/L,9 g/L)和两种交替次序(咸淡交替灌溉、淡咸交替灌溉)条件下,黄河三角洲地区滨海盐碱土水分入渗特征及盐分分布的变化规律。结果表明:咸淡交替灌溉和淡咸交替灌溉的入渗历时均随咸水矿化度的增加而增大,且淡咸交替灌溉的水分入渗历时大于咸淡交替灌溉。咸淡交替灌溉(32.15%～33.29%)的平均土壤含水率和淡咸交替灌溉(32.95%～33.58%)差别并不显著。但咸淡交替灌溉(3.915～4.773 g/kg)的平均土壤含盐量小于淡咸交替灌溉(4.255～5.313 g/kg),且3 g/L的平均土壤含盐量远低于其他处理。总体来说,咸水,矿化度较小(例如,3 g/L)的咸淡交替灌溉有利于降低土壤盐分。
Saline soil is characterized by poor permeability and high salt content, which seriously restricts agricultural production. In this study, we investigated the effects of alternate irrigation with brackish and fresh water on water and salt movement in a coastal saline soil of the Yellow River Delta region. We conducted laboratory simulation soil column experiments and monitored changes in water infiltration and salt distribution in the soil under six irrigation treatments, including three kinds of salinity(3 g/L, 6 g/L, and 9 g/L) and two sequences(brackish-fresh water and fresh-brackish water). The results showed that the duration of water infiltration into the soil increased with the rise of salinity under brackish-fresh water and fresh-brackish water, with the higher value recorded at fresh-brackish water. There was no significant difference in the mean soil water content under the brackish-fresh water(32.15%～33.29%) and fresh-brackish water(32.95%～33.58%) irrigation treatments. However, the mean soil salt content under treatement of brackish-fresh water(3.915～4.773 g/kg) was lower than that under the treatment of fresh-brackish water(4.255 ～5.313 g/kg), and much lower soil salt content was observed at 3 g/L of salinity compared with other levels of salinity. From the perspective of reducing soil salt content, saline water with lower salinity(3 g/L) is the optimal strategy for alternate irrigation with brackish and fresh water in the study region.
Saline soil is characterized by poor permeability and high salt content, which seriously restricts agricultural production. In this study, we investigated the effects of alternate irrigation with brackish and fresh water on water and salt movement in a coastal saline soil of the Yellow River Delta region. We conducted laboratory simulation soil column experiments and monitored changes in water infiltration and salt distribution in the soil under six irrigation treatments, including three kinds of salinity(3 g/L, 6 g/L, and 9 g/L) and two sequences(brackish-fresh water and fresh-brackish water). The results showed that the duration of water infiltration into the soil increased with the rise of salinity under brackish-fresh water and fresh-brackish water, with the higher value recorded at fresh-brackish water. There was no significant difference in the mean soil water content under the brackish-fresh water(32.15%～33.29%) and fresh-brackish water(32.95%～33.58%) irrigation treatments. However, the mean soil salt content under treatement of brackish-fresh water(3.915～4.773 g/kg) was lower than that under the treatment of fresh-brackish water(4.255 ～5.313 g/kg), and much lower soil salt content was observed at 3 g/L of salinity compared with other levels of salinity. From the perspective of reducing soil salt content, saline water with lower salinity(3 g/L) is the optimal strategy for alternate irrigation with brackish and fresh water in the study region.
引文
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[2] Guan B,Yu J,Hou A,et al.The ecological adaptability of Phragmites australis to interactive effects of water level and salt stress in the Yellow River Delta[J].Aquatic Ecology,2016,51(1):107-116.
[3] Luo X,Liu G,Xia Y,et al.Use of biochar-compost to improve properties and productivity of the degraded coastal soil in the Yellow River Delta,China[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,17(3):780-789.
[4] 张越,杨劲松,姚荣江.咸水冻融灌溉对重度盐渍土壤水盐分布的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):388-400.
[5] Xie T,Liu X,Sun T.The effects of groundwater table and flood irrigation strategies on soil water and salt dynamics and reed water use in the Yellow River Delta,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(2):241-252.
[6] Kunhikrishnan A,Bolan N S,Karin Müller,et al.The influence of wastewater irrigation on the transformation and bioavailability of heavy metals(loid) in soil[J].Advances in Agronomy,2012,115(21):215-297.
[7] Tavakkoli E,Fatehi F,Coventry S,et al.Additive effects of Na+and Cl-ions on barley growth under salinity stress[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(6):2189-2203.
[8] 胡节,吴新亮,蔡崇法.快速湿润过程中钾和钙离子浓度对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(22):175-182.
[9] Malash N,Flowers T J,Ragab R.Effect of irrigation systems and water management practices using saline and non-saline water on tomato production[J].Agricultural Water Management,2005,78(1/2):25-38.
[10] Minhas P S.Saline water management for irrigation in India[J].Agricultural Water Management,1996,30(1):10-24.
[11] Minhas P S,Singh Y P,Chhabba D S,et al.Changes in hydraulic conductivity of soils varying in calcite content under cycles of irrigation with saline-sodic and simulated rain water[J].Irrigation Science,1999,18(4):199-203.
[12] Minhas P S,Bajwa M S.Use and management of poor quality waters for the rice-wheat based production system[J].Journal of Crop Production,2001,4(1):273-306.
[13] 吕烨,杨培岭,管孝艳,等.咸淡水交替淋溶下土壤盐分运移试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(6):90-93.
[14] 朱成立,舒慕晨,张展羽,等.咸淡水交替灌溉对土壤盐分分布及夏玉米生长的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(10):220-228,201.
[15] 管孝艳,杨培岭,吕烨.咸淡水交替灌溉下土壤盐分再分布规律的室内试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(5):88-91.
[16] 刘静妍,毕远杰,孙西欢,等.交替供水条件下土壤入渗特性与水盐分布特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(4):55-60.
[17] 王乃江,高佩玲,赵连东,等.咸淡水分配比例对盐碱土壤水分入渗特征与脱盐效果的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):100-105.
[18] 宋香静,李胜男,韦玮,等.黄河三角洲柽柳根系分布特征及其影响因素[J].湿地科学,2017,15(5):716-723.
[19] 白世红,丁新景,马风云,等.黄河三角洲盐碱地人工刺槐混交林细根分布研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(1):116-124.
[20] 王艳,吴勇,廉晓娟,等.不同矿化度水淋洗重度盐碱土的水盐运移特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(4):39-43.
[21] 赵丽丽,张振华,李陆生.滨海盐渍土和棕壤咸水入渗特征分析[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(3):44-48,117.
[22] Li Z,Liu X,Zhang X,et al.Infiltration of melting saline ice water in soil columns:Consequences on soil moisture and salt content[J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,95(4):498-502.
[23] 王全九,单鱼洋.微咸水灌溉与土壤水盐调控研究进展[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):117-126.
[24] 苏莹,王全九,叶海燕,等.咸淡轮灌土壤水盐运移特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(1):50-53.
[25] Beesley L,Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez,Clemente R,et al.Mobility of arsenic,cadmium and zinc in a multi-element contaminated soil profile assessed by in-situ soil pore water sampling,column leaching and sequential extraction[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(1):155-160.
[26] 杨艳,王全九.微咸水入渗条件下碱土和盐土水盐运移特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):13-19.
[27] 陈丽娟,冯起,王昱,等.微咸水灌溉条件下含黏土夹层土壤的水盐运移规律[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):44-51.
[28] 吴忠东,王全九.入渗水矿化度对土壤入渗特征和离子迁移特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(7):64-69,75.
[29] Gawad G A,Arslan A,Gaihbe A,et al.The effects of saline irrigation water management and salt tolerant tomato varieties on sustainable production of tomato in Syria(1999—2002)[J].Agricultural Water Management,2005,78(1/2):39-53.