评估白蚁对牧场退化的影响:以埃塞俄比亚南部的Yabello为例（英文）
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摘要
由于气候和人为因素的影响,白蚁对Yabello牧场的入侵率不断增加。本研究旨在评估白蚁对牧场的影响以及在研究区域可能的管理措施。本文根据白蚁传播的程度选择Yabello区(Dida Tuyura,Danbal-Waccu和Arero等三个kebeles)进行调研,采用田野调查方法,将半结构化问卷应用于40个社区代表中,每个选定的kebele共有120名社区代表参加了访谈,获得了直接观察和非正式讨论的相关数据,以了解白蚁对牧场退化的影响及其变化趋势。根据收集的数据,对研究区白蚁入侵率的历史背景进行了评估。除了评估白蚁对牧草产品、建筑物和农作物产生的直接影响外,本文还讨论了环境和管理机制的联系。总体来说,Yabello牧场一直处于白蚁侵袭压力之下并且以惊人的速度增加。因此,为了尽量降低白蚁对牧场退化的影响,建议结合当地社区知识和科学管理系统采取适当的评价技术。
The infestation rate of termites in the Yabello rangeland, caused by both climatic and human factors, is of interest at certain times. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the impact of termites and determine appropriate management measures in the study area. Data was collected from three kebeles of the Yabello district(Dida Tuyura, Danbal-Waccu and Arero), the selection of which was dependent on the extent to which the termites had spread. A field survey method and semi-structured questionnaires were used for 40 community representatives from each of the selected kebeles. A total of 120 community representatives were interviewed and the interviews were supported by direct observations and informal discussions to understand the impact of termites on rangeland degradation, and to explain the trends. Historical background data of termite infestation rates in the study area was collected and evaluated.In addition to the direct impact caused by termites on forage products, buildings and crops, the linkages of termites with the environment and management mechanisms were identified. Yabello rangeland has often been under termite infestation stress and problems are increasing at an alarming rate. So in order to minimize the impact of termites on rangeland degradation identification of exact termite species and take appropriate management together with the community knowledge and scientific management system was recommended.
The infestation rate of termites in the Yabello rangeland, caused by both climatic and human factors, is of interest at certain times. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the impact of termites and determine appropriate management measures in the study area. Data was collected from three kebeles of the Yabello district(Dida Tuyura, Danbal-Waccu and Arero), the selection of which was dependent on the extent to which the termites had spread. A field survey method and semi-structured questionnaires were used for 40 community representatives from each of the selected kebeles. A total of 120 community representatives were interviewed and the interviews were supported by direct observations and informal discussions to understand the impact of termites on rangeland degradation, and to explain the trends. Historical background data of termite infestation rates in the study area was collected and evaluated.In addition to the direct impact caused by termites on forage products, buildings and crops, the linkages of termites with the environment and management mechanisms were identified. Yabello rangeland has often been under termite infestation stress and problems are increasing at an alarming rate. So in order to minimize the impact of termites on rangeland degradation identification of exact termite species and take appropriate management together with the community knowledge and scientific management system was recommended.
引文
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Billi P,Alemu Y T,Ciampalini R.2015.Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa,Ethiopia:Change in rainfall intensity or human impact?Natural Hazards,76(2):1373-1394.
Coppock D L.1994.The Borana Plateau of Southern Ethiopia:Synthesis of Pastoral Research,development and changes 1980-1990.International Livestock Center for Africa,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science,10(2):29-36.
Dalle G,Maass B L,Isselstein J.2015.Rangeland condition and trend in the semi-arid Borana lowlands,southern Oromia,Ethiopia.African Journal of Range&Forage Science,23(1):49-58
Fenemore F G,Prakash A.2006.Applied Entomology.Second edition.Newage international(P)Ltd publisher:200-203.
Termite control without chemicals.2001.HDRA-the organic organization Ryton organic gardens Coventry CV 83 LG United Kingdom.International Journal of Advanced Research in Botany,4(3):16-25.
Tilahun A,Kebede F,Yamoah C,et al.2012.Quantfiying the masses of macro termites subhyalinus mounds and evaluating their use as a soil amendment.Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,157:54-59.