野生动物冲突中个体特征、事件严重性及救援效果对心理创伤的影响研究
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摘要
随着党的十九大提出加大生态系统保护力度,构建生态廊道和生物多样性保护网络,我国野生动物种群数量不断增加,野生动物冲突的频次和范围逐渐增大。野生动物冲突带来的心理创伤已成为影响人与野生动物和谐相处的重要难题。在心理创伤相关理论基础上,运用交叉分析、因子分析、次序logistic回归模型分析了野生动物冲突事件受害个体心理创伤的影响因素,得到如下结论:(1)野生动物冲突事件中女性、老年人、受教育程度低、健康状况差、经济实力弱的个体更容易发生心理创伤;(2)随着受害者经济实力的提高,野生动物冲突的心理创伤程度显著降低;(3)野生动物冲突事件越严重,其造成的心理创伤程度显著增加;(4)野生动物冲突救援补偿措施效果越好,越能缓解受害者的心理创伤。最后借此提出:(1)对重点对象进行灾后心理干预;(2)增强受灾者的经济实力;(3)建立野生动物冲突预防和应急管理机制;(4)完善野生动物冲突补偿措施等政策建议。
With the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposing to strengthen the protection of ecosystems, build ecological corridors and biodiversity protection network, the number of wildlife populations and frequency of human-wildlife conflict(HWC) increases, which brings psychological trauma.Thus, psychological trauma has become an important problem of building the harmonious relationship between human and wildlife. Based on the related theories of psychological trauma, Cross-analysis, factor analysis and ordered logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological trauma. The following conclusions were drawn:(1)Women, elderly people, people with low education, poor health and weak economic status are more likely to occur psychological trauma in HWC;(2)With the improvement of economic status, the degree of psychological trauma is significantly reduced;(3)The more serious wildlife conflict is, the higher psychological trauma will be;(4)The more effective rescue compensation measures are, the lower level of psychological trauma will be. Some suggestions were proposed eventually, such as psychological intervention, strengthening the economic status, establishing the mechanism of HWC prevention emergency system and improving the compensation management.
With the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposing to strengthen the protection of ecosystems, build ecological corridors and biodiversity protection network, the number of wildlife populations and frequency of human-wildlife conflict(HWC) increases, which brings psychological trauma.Thus, psychological trauma has become an important problem of building the harmonious relationship between human and wildlife. Based on the related theories of psychological trauma, Cross-analysis, factor analysis and ordered logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological trauma. The following conclusions were drawn:(1)Women, elderly people, people with low education, poor health and weak economic status are more likely to occur psychological trauma in HWC;(2)With the improvement of economic status, the degree of psychological trauma is significantly reduced;(3)The more serious wildlife conflict is, the higher psychological trauma will be;(4)The more effective rescue compensation measures are, the lower level of psychological trauma will be. Some suggestions were proposed eventually, such as psychological intervention, strengthening the economic status, establishing the mechanism of HWC prevention emergency system and improving the compensation management.
引文
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[19] 马贝,罗鹏哲.基于CPT模型的应急救援心理干预[J].消防科学与技术,2011,30(1):85-88.MA B,LUO P Z.Psychological intervention in emergency rescue based on CPT model[J].Fire Science and Technology,2011,30(1):85-88.
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[2] 赵来军,程晶晶,陈誉承.地震灾害后不同受灾人群身心应激症状影响度分析[J].科技导报,2011,29(12):53-57.ZHAO L J,CHENG J J,CHEN Y C.The physical and mental stress symptoms effect of populations with different affect after the earthquake[J].Science Technology Review,2011,29(12):53-57.
[3] 时勘,陆佳芳,范红霞,等.SARS危机中17城市民众的理性特征及心理行为预测模型[J].科学通报,2003,48(13):1378-1383.SHI K,LU J F,FAN H X,et al.Rational characteristics and psychological behavior prediction model of 17 citizens in SARS Crisis[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(13):1378-1383.
[4] CHEN H T,CHUNG H,CHEN T,et al.The emotional distress in a community after the terrorist attack on the Word Trade Center[J].Community Mental Health,2003,39(2):157-165.
[5] BROMET E J,HAVENAAR J M,GUEY L T.A 25 year retrospective review of the psychological consequences of the chernobyl accident[J].Clinical Oncology,2011,23(4):297-305.
[6] 时勘,范红霞,贾建民,等.我国民众对SARS信息的风险认知及心理行为[J].心理学报,2003,35(4):546-554.SHI K,FAN H X,JIA J M,et al.The risk perceptions of SARS and social-psychological behaviors of urban people in China[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,2003,35(4):546-554.
[7] 刘欣,马建章.中国亚洲象损害地区农户受偿意愿调查[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(11):114-116.LIU X,MA J Z.Compensation criteria based on farmers’ willinngness to accept for the region damaged by indian elephants in China[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2011,39(11):114-116.
[8] 郭向荣,温亚利.保护区农户朱鹮保护意愿的影响因素分析[J].林业经济问题,2012,32(5):444-449.GUO X R,WEN Y L.Analysis on factors influencing peasant households’ protection awareness of Crested Ibises[J].Issues of Forestry Economics,2012,32(5):444-449.
[9] 孙伟伟,叶兰仙,张玉堂,等.玉树地震后受伤灾民心理状况及影响因素分析[J].广东医学,2011,32(6):785-787.SUN W W,YE L X,ZHANG Y D,et al.Psychological status and influencing factors of victims injured after Yushu earthquake[J].Guangdong Medical Journal,2011,32(6):785-787.
[10] MOORE H E,FRIEDSAM H J.Reported emotional stress following a disaster[J].Social Forces,1995,38(2):135-139.
[11] 董强利,叶兰仙,张玉堂.创伤后应激障碍的影响因素及心理危机干预[J].精神医学杂志,2012,25(1):72-74.DONG Q L,YE L X,ZHANG Y D.Influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder and intervention of psychological crisis[J].Journal of Psychiatry,2012,25(1):72-74.
[12] LAI T J,CHANG C M,CONNOR K M,et al.Full and partial PTSD among earthquake suvivors in rurul Taiwan[J].Journal of Psychiatric Research,2004,38(3):313-322.
[13] 陈兴民,郭强.试论个人灾时行为反应的心理基础[J].南都学坛,2000,20(1):64-67.CHEN X M,GUO Q.On psychological foundation of personal response to calamities[J].Academic Forum of Nan Du,2000,20(1):64-67.
[14] 张锦黎,陈树林,李凌江.延迟性创伤后应激障碍的流行病学特征及相关因素[J].中国行为医学科学,2005,14(3):275-277.ZHANG J L,CHEN S L,LI L J.Epidemiological characteristics and related factors of delayed post-traumatic stress disorder[J].Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science,2005,14(3):275-277.
[15] 李华强,王顺洪,范春梅,等.突发性灾害中的公众恐惧心理及其应急管理研究[J].华东经济管理,2011,25(9):36-40.LI H Q,WANG S H,FAN C M,et al.Public fear and emergency management in sudden disasters[J].East China Economic Management,2011,25(9):36-40.
[16] 万明国,夏东海.重大灾害事件群体创伤心理障碍与救助研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2011,24(6):800-805.WAN M G,XIA D H.Research on disaster psychological trauma and its psychological assistance[J].Wuhan University of Technology (Social Science Edition),2011,24(6):800-805.
[17] 陈俊,林少惠.创伤后应激障碍的心理预测因素[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2009,36(4):64-69.CHEN J,LIN S H.Psychological predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Social Science Edition),2009,36(4):64-69.
[18] 任江平.白马雪山自然保护区内野生动物肇事损害调查[J].农家参谋,2018,26(11):273.REN J P.Investigation on damage caused by wildlife accidents in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve[J].Farmers Consultant,2018,26(11):273.
[19] 马贝,罗鹏哲.基于CPT模型的应急救援心理干预[J].消防科学与技术,2011,30(1):85-88.MA B,LUO P Z.Psychological intervention in emergency rescue based on CPT model[J].Fire Science and Technology,2011,30(1):85-88.
[20] 许迎春,田义文,朱保建,等.从野生动物侵农谈野生动物致人损害补偿制度的完善[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(19):5063-5064.XU Y C,TIAN Y W,ZHU B J,et al.On the perfection of compensation system for damage caused by wildlife from the perspective of wildlife infringement on agriculture[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006,34(19):5063-5064.
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