山羊疱疹病毒1型的研究进展
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摘要
山羊疱疹病毒1型(Caprine herpesvirus-1,CpHV-1)属于α疱疹病毒亚科成员,它与山羊的多种感染有关。感染该病毒后,1～2周龄山羊表现为严重的消化道症状、全身性疾病和新生羊死亡,成年山羊表现为呼吸系统、生殖系统(流产和繁殖能力受害)症状。CpHV-1疾病在美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、法国、意大利等国家已有报道,在地中海地区国家呈高度流行,我国在2018下半年也报道了此病的存在,对我国养羊业存在着健康威胁。本文从病原学、流行病学、病原诊断、以及疫苗研究等方面对CpHV-1进行综述,为今后该疾病的诊断和预防提供科学依据。
Caprine herpesvirus-1(CpHV-1)is a member of theα-herpesvirus subfamily and associated with infections in goats. After infection with the virus,goats at 1～2 weeks of age exhibit severe gastrointestinal and systemic disease and mortality,whereas adult goats exhibit respiratory and reproductive system(miscarriage and impaired reproductive function) symptoms. CpHV-1 disease has been reported in the USA,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,France and Italy and highly prevalent in Mediterranean countries. CpHV-1 disease was also reported in China in the second half of 2018,thereby posing a threat to the goat-meats industry. Here,we review CpHV-1 disease with respect to pathogenesis,epidemiology,diagnosis and vaccine research. In the way,we aim to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and prevention of CpHV-1 disease.
Caprine herpesvirus-1(CpHV-1)is a member of theα-herpesvirus subfamily and associated with infections in goats. After infection with the virus,goats at 1～2 weeks of age exhibit severe gastrointestinal and systemic disease and mortality,whereas adult goats exhibit respiratory and reproductive system(miscarriage and impaired reproductive function) symptoms. CpHV-1 disease has been reported in the USA,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,France and Italy and highly prevalent in Mediterranean countries. CpHV-1 disease was also reported in China in the second half of 2018,thereby posing a threat to the goat-meats industry. Here,we review CpHV-1 disease with respect to pathogenesis,epidemiology,diagnosis and vaccine research. In the way,we aim to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and prevention of CpHV-1 disease.
引文
[1]郝飞,毛立,李文良,李基棕,杨蕾蕾,张纹纹,孙敏,钟纯燕,刘茂军,江杰元.山羊疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的分离鉴定与致病性[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(8):1797-1802.
[2] Roperto F, Pratelli A, Guarino G, Ambrosio V,Tempesta M, Galati P, Iovane G, Buonavoglia C.Natural caprine herpesvirus 1(CpHV-1)infection in kids[J]. J Comp Pathol,2000,122(4):298.
[3] Uzal F A,Woods L,Stillian M,Nordhausen R,Read D H,Van K H,Odani J,Hietala S,Hurley E J,Vickers M L. Abortion and ulcerative posthitis associated with caprine herpesvirus-1 infection in goats in California[J]. J Vet Diagn Invest,2004,16(5):478-484.
[4] Bertolini S, Rosamilia A, Caruso C, Maurella C,Ingravalle F,Quasso A,Acutis P L,Pitti M,Masoero L,Ru G. A cross-sectional study to identify a set of risk factors for caprine herpesvirus 1 infection[J]. Bmc Vet Res,2018,14(1):94.
[5] Saito J K,Gribble D H,Berrios P E,Knight H D,McKercher D G. New herpesvirus isolate from goats:preliminary report[J]. Am J Vet Res,1974,35(6):847-848.
[6] Berrios P E, Mckercher D G. Characterization of a caprine herpesvirus[J]. Am J Vet Res,1975,36(12):1755-1762.
[7] Mettler F,Engels M,Wild P,Bivetti A. Herpesvirus infection in kids in Switzerland[J]. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd,1979,121(12):655.
[8] Homer G W,Hunter R,Day A M. An outbreak of vulvovaginitis in goats caused by a caprine herpesvirus[J]. Nzl Vet J,1982,30(10):150-152.
[9] Kao M,Leiskau T,Koptopoulos G,Papadopoulo O,Honor G W,Hyllseth B,Fadel M,Gedi A H,Straub O C, Ludwing H. Goat Herpesvirus Infection:A Survey on Specific Antibodies in Different Countries:Immunity to herpesvirus infections of domestic animals.University of liege, December 4 and 5, 1984[C].Brussels,Belgium:published by The Commission of the European Communities.
[10]Grewal A S,Wells R. Vulvovaginitis of goats due to a herpesvirus[J]. Aus Vet J,2010,63(3):79-82.
[11]Koptopoulos G,Papanastasopoulou M,Papadopoulos O,Ludwig H. The epizootiology of caprine herpesvirus(BHV-6)infections in goat populations in Greece[J].Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis,1988,11(3):199-205.
[12]Tempesta M,Buonavoglia D,Sagazio P,Pratelli A,Buonavoglia C. Natural reactivation of caprine herpesvirus 1 in latently infected goats[J]. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis,1996,19(4):275.
[13]Chénier S,Montpetit C,Hélie P. Caprine herpesvirus-1 abortion storm in a goat herd in Quebec[J]. Can Vet J,2004,45(3):241-243.
[14]Keuser V,Espejoserrano J,Schynts F,Georgin J P,Thiry E. Isolation of caprine herpesvirus type 1 in Spain[J]. Vet Record,2004,154(13):395.
[15]Suavet F, Champion J L, Bartolini L, Bernou M,Alzieu J P,Brugidou R,Darnatigues S,Reynaud G,Perrin C, Adam G. First description of infection of caprine herpesvirus 1(CpHV-1)in goats in mainland France[J]. Pathogens,2016,5(1):17.
[16]Engels M,Loepfe E,Wild P,Schraner E,Wyler R.The genome of caprine herpesvirus 1:genome structure and relatedness to bovine herpesvirus 1[J]. J Gen Virol,1987,68(Pt 7)(7):2019.
[17]Bertolotti L, Rosamilia A, Profiti M, Brocchi E,Masoero L,Franceschi V,Tempesta M,Donofrio G,Rosati S. Characterization of caprine herpesvirus 1(CpHV1)glycoprotein E and glycoprotein I ectodomains expressed in mammalian cells[J]. Vet Microbiol,2013,164(3-4):222-228.
[18]Ros C, Belák S. Studies of genetic relationships between bovine, caprine, cervine, and rangiferine alphaherpesviruses and improved molecular methods for virus detection and identification[J]. J Clini Microbiol,1999,37(5):1247-1253.
[19]Tarsitano E, Camero M, Lucia B A, Decaro N,Martella V,Buonavoglia C,Tempesta M. Glycoprotein C gene of caprine herpesvirus type 1 contains short sequence repeats(SSR)[J]. Open Virol J,2010,4:85-87.
[20]Keuser V,Detry B,Thiry J,De F K,Schynts F,Pastoret P P, Vanderplasschen A, Thiry E.Characterization of caprine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D gene and its translation product[J]. Virus Res,2006,115(2):112-121.
[21]Griffin A M. The nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gB gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus:analysis and evolutionary relationship to the homologous gene from other herpesviruses[J]. J Gen Virol,1991,72(Pt 2)(1):393-398.
[22]Li Y,Babiuk LA,Liang X. Characterization of cellbinding properties of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoproteins B, C, and D:identification of a dual cell-binding function of gB[J]. J virol,1995,69(8):4758-4768.
[23]Thiry J, Tempesta M, Camero M, Tarsitano E,Muylkens B, Meurens F, Thiry E, Buonavoglia C.Clinical protection against caprine herpesvirus 1 genital infection by intranasal administration of a live attenuated glycoprotein E negative bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine[J].BMC Vet Res,2007,3(1):1-9.
[24]Piper K L,Fitzgerald C J,Ficorilli N,Studdert M J.Isolation of caprine herpesvirus 1 from a major outbreak of infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in goats[J]. Aus Vet J,2010,86(4):136-138.
[25]Six A, Banks M, Engels M, Bascu?ana C R,Ackermann M. Latency and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1(BHV-1)in goats and of caprine herpesvirus 1(CapHV-1)in calves[J]. Arch Virol,2001,146(7):1325-1335.
[26]Tempesta M,Pratelli A,Corrente M,Buonavoglia C.A preliminary study on the pathogenicity of a strain of caprine herpesvirus-1[J]. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis,1999,22(2):137-143.
[27]Papanastasopoulou M, Koptopoulos G, Lekkas S,Papadopoulos O,Ludwig H. An experimental study on the pathogenicity of the caprine herpesvirus type 1(CHV-1)[J]. Comp Immun Microbiol&Infect Dis,1991,14(1):47.
[28]Williams N M, Vickers M L, Tramontin R R,Petritesmurphy M B, Allen G P. Multiple abortions associated with caprine herpesvirus infection in a goat herd[J]. J Am Vet Med Assoc,1997,211(1):89-91.
[29]Tempesta M,Camero M,Sciorsci R L,Greco G,Minoia R, Martella V, Pratelli A, Buonavoglia C.Experimental infection of goats at different stages of pregnancy with caprine herpesvirus 1[J]. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis,2004,27(1):25-32.
[30]Mccoy M H, Montgomery D L, Bratanich A C,Cavender J,Scharko P B,Vickers M L. Serologic and reproductive findings after a herpesvirus-1 abortion storm in goats[J]. J Am Vet Med Assoc,2007,231(8):1236-1239.
[31]Tempesta M, Pratelli A, Greco G, Martella V,Buonavoglia C. Detection of caprine herpesvirus 1 in sacral ganglia of latently infected goats by PCR[J]. J Clin Microbiol,1999,37(5):1598-1599.
[32]Tolari F,White H,Nixon P. Isolation and reactivation of bovid herpesvirus 1 in goats[J]. Microbiologica,1990,13(1):67-71.
[33]Ros C, Riquelme M E, Forslund K O, Belák S.Improved detection of five closely related ruminant alphaherpesviruses by specific amplification of viral genomic sequences[J]. J Virol Methods,1999,83(1–2):55-65.
[34]Elia G, Tarsitano E, Camero M, Bellacicco A L,Buonavoglia D, Campolo M, Decaro N, Thiry J,Tempesta M. Development of a real-time PCR for the detection and quantitation of caprine herpesvirus 1 in goats[J]. J Virol Methods,2008,148(1–2):155-160.
[35]Buonavoglia C,Tempesta M,Cavalli A,Voigt V,Buonavoglia D,Conserva A,Corrente M. Reactivation of caprine herpesvirus 1 in latently infected goats[J].Comp Immuno Microbiol Infect Dis,1996,19(4):275.
[36]Pratelli A,Greco G,Dall′Ara P,Engels M,Tempesta M,Buonavoglia C. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the genome of two Italian caprine herpesvirus 1 strains[J]. Arch Virol,2000,145(4):845-851.
[37]Marinaro M,Bellacicco A L,Tarsitano E,Camero M,Colao V,Tempesta M,Buonavoglia C. Detection of Caprine herpesvirus 1-specific antibodies in goat sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization test[J]. J Vet Diagn Invest,2010,22(2):245-248.
[38]Thiry J,Keuser V,Muylkens B,Meurens F,Gogev S, Vanderplasschen A, Thiry E. Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1[J].Vet Res,2006,37(2):169-190.
[39]Thiry J,Saegerman C,Chartier C,Mercier P,Keuser V,Thiry E. Serological evidence of caprine herpesvirus1 infection in Mediterranean France[J]. Vet Microbiol,2008,128(3–4):261-268.
[40]Hecht P, Engels M, Loepfe E, Ackermann M.Comparison of the glycoprotein gC genes of bovine and caprine herpesviruses:Proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the European Society for Vet Virol,1995[C]. Lyon,France press,1995.
[41]Czopowicz M,Kaba J,Szalu-Jordanow O,Nowicki M,Witkowski L,Frymus T. Serological evidence of lack of contact with caprine herpesvirus type 1 and bluetongue virus in goat population in Poland[J]. Polish J Vet Sci,2010,13(4):709-711.
[42]Camero M,Bellacicco A L,Tarsitano E,Decaro N,Martella V,Tempesta M,Buonavoglia C. Intravaginal administration of an inactivated vaccine prevents lesions induced by caprine herpesvirus-1 in goats[J]. Vaccine,2007,25(9):1658-1661.
[43]Tempesta M, Camero M, Greco G, Pratelli A,Martella V, Buonavoglia C. A classical inactivated vaccine induces protection against caprine herpesvirus 1infection in goats[J]. Vaccine,2001,19(28–29):3860-3864.
[44]Mariarosaria M,Giovanni R,Giuseppe D G,Valeriana C,Elvira T,Michele C,Michele L,Canio B,Maria T. A caprine herpesvirus 1 vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 protects against vaginal infection and interferes with the establishment of latency in goats[J/OL]. PLoS One,2012,7(4):e34913.
[45]Tempesta M,Camero M,Bellacicco A L,Tarsitano E,Lorusso A,Martella V,Decaro N,Giudice G D,Cassone A,Quaranta A. Caprine herpesvirus 1 vaccine with the LTK63 mutant as a mucosal adjuvant induces strong protection against genital infection in goats[J].Vaccine,2007,25(46):7927-7930.
[46]Camero M, Marinaro M, Losurdo M, Larocca V,Bodnar L,Patruno G,Buonavoglia C,Tempesta M.Caprine herpesvirus 1(CpHV-1)vaginal infection of goats:clinical efficacy of fig latex[J]. Nat Prod Res,2015,30(5):605-607.
[47]Elia G,Camero M,Decaro N,Lovero A,Martella V,Tempesta M,Buonavoglia C,Crescenzo G. In vitro inhibition of caprine herpesvirus 1 by acyclovir and mizoribine[J]. Res Vet Sci,2015,99:208-211.
[2] Roperto F, Pratelli A, Guarino G, Ambrosio V,Tempesta M, Galati P, Iovane G, Buonavoglia C.Natural caprine herpesvirus 1(CpHV-1)infection in kids[J]. J Comp Pathol,2000,122(4):298.
[3] Uzal F A,Woods L,Stillian M,Nordhausen R,Read D H,Van K H,Odani J,Hietala S,Hurley E J,Vickers M L. Abortion and ulcerative posthitis associated with caprine herpesvirus-1 infection in goats in California[J]. J Vet Diagn Invest,2004,16(5):478-484.
[4] Bertolini S, Rosamilia A, Caruso C, Maurella C,Ingravalle F,Quasso A,Acutis P L,Pitti M,Masoero L,Ru G. A cross-sectional study to identify a set of risk factors for caprine herpesvirus 1 infection[J]. Bmc Vet Res,2018,14(1):94.
[5] Saito J K,Gribble D H,Berrios P E,Knight H D,McKercher D G. New herpesvirus isolate from goats:preliminary report[J]. Am J Vet Res,1974,35(6):847-848.
[6] Berrios P E, Mckercher D G. Characterization of a caprine herpesvirus[J]. Am J Vet Res,1975,36(12):1755-1762.
[7] Mettler F,Engels M,Wild P,Bivetti A. Herpesvirus infection in kids in Switzerland[J]. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd,1979,121(12):655.
[8] Homer G W,Hunter R,Day A M. An outbreak of vulvovaginitis in goats caused by a caprine herpesvirus[J]. Nzl Vet J,1982,30(10):150-152.
[9] Kao M,Leiskau T,Koptopoulos G,Papadopoulo O,Honor G W,Hyllseth B,Fadel M,Gedi A H,Straub O C, Ludwing H. Goat Herpesvirus Infection:A Survey on Specific Antibodies in Different Countries:Immunity to herpesvirus infections of domestic animals.University of liege, December 4 and 5, 1984[C].Brussels,Belgium:published by The Commission of the European Communities.
[10]Grewal A S,Wells R. Vulvovaginitis of goats due to a herpesvirus[J]. Aus Vet J,2010,63(3):79-82.
[11]Koptopoulos G,Papanastasopoulou M,Papadopoulos O,Ludwig H. The epizootiology of caprine herpesvirus(BHV-6)infections in goat populations in Greece[J].Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis,1988,11(3):199-205.
[12]Tempesta M,Buonavoglia D,Sagazio P,Pratelli A,Buonavoglia C. Natural reactivation of caprine herpesvirus 1 in latently infected goats[J]. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis,1996,19(4):275.
[13]Chénier S,Montpetit C,Hélie P. Caprine herpesvirus-1 abortion storm in a goat herd in Quebec[J]. Can Vet J,2004,45(3):241-243.
[14]Keuser V,Espejoserrano J,Schynts F,Georgin J P,Thiry E. Isolation of caprine herpesvirus type 1 in Spain[J]. Vet Record,2004,154(13):395.
[15]Suavet F, Champion J L, Bartolini L, Bernou M,Alzieu J P,Brugidou R,Darnatigues S,Reynaud G,Perrin C, Adam G. First description of infection of caprine herpesvirus 1(CpHV-1)in goats in mainland France[J]. Pathogens,2016,5(1):17.
[16]Engels M,Loepfe E,Wild P,Schraner E,Wyler R.The genome of caprine herpesvirus 1:genome structure and relatedness to bovine herpesvirus 1[J]. J Gen Virol,1987,68(Pt 7)(7):2019.
[17]Bertolotti L, Rosamilia A, Profiti M, Brocchi E,Masoero L,Franceschi V,Tempesta M,Donofrio G,Rosati S. Characterization of caprine herpesvirus 1(CpHV1)glycoprotein E and glycoprotein I ectodomains expressed in mammalian cells[J]. Vet Microbiol,2013,164(3-4):222-228.
[18]Ros C, Belák S. Studies of genetic relationships between bovine, caprine, cervine, and rangiferine alphaherpesviruses and improved molecular methods for virus detection and identification[J]. J Clini Microbiol,1999,37(5):1247-1253.
[19]Tarsitano E, Camero M, Lucia B A, Decaro N,Martella V,Buonavoglia C,Tempesta M. Glycoprotein C gene of caprine herpesvirus type 1 contains short sequence repeats(SSR)[J]. Open Virol J,2010,4:85-87.
[20]Keuser V,Detry B,Thiry J,De F K,Schynts F,Pastoret P P, Vanderplasschen A, Thiry E.Characterization of caprine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D gene and its translation product[J]. Virus Res,2006,115(2):112-121.
[21]Griffin A M. The nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gB gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus:analysis and evolutionary relationship to the homologous gene from other herpesviruses[J]. J Gen Virol,1991,72(Pt 2)(1):393-398.
[22]Li Y,Babiuk LA,Liang X. Characterization of cellbinding properties of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoproteins B, C, and D:identification of a dual cell-binding function of gB[J]. J virol,1995,69(8):4758-4768.
[23]Thiry J, Tempesta M, Camero M, Tarsitano E,Muylkens B, Meurens F, Thiry E, Buonavoglia C.Clinical protection against caprine herpesvirus 1 genital infection by intranasal administration of a live attenuated glycoprotein E negative bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine[J].BMC Vet Res,2007,3(1):1-9.
[24]Piper K L,Fitzgerald C J,Ficorilli N,Studdert M J.Isolation of caprine herpesvirus 1 from a major outbreak of infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in goats[J]. Aus Vet J,2010,86(4):136-138.
[25]Six A, Banks M, Engels M, Bascu?ana C R,Ackermann M. Latency and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1(BHV-1)in goats and of caprine herpesvirus 1(CapHV-1)in calves[J]. Arch Virol,2001,146(7):1325-1335.
[26]Tempesta M,Pratelli A,Corrente M,Buonavoglia C.A preliminary study on the pathogenicity of a strain of caprine herpesvirus-1[J]. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis,1999,22(2):137-143.
[27]Papanastasopoulou M, Koptopoulos G, Lekkas S,Papadopoulos O,Ludwig H. An experimental study on the pathogenicity of the caprine herpesvirus type 1(CHV-1)[J]. Comp Immun Microbiol&Infect Dis,1991,14(1):47.
[28]Williams N M, Vickers M L, Tramontin R R,Petritesmurphy M B, Allen G P. Multiple abortions associated with caprine herpesvirus infection in a goat herd[J]. J Am Vet Med Assoc,1997,211(1):89-91.
[29]Tempesta M,Camero M,Sciorsci R L,Greco G,Minoia R, Martella V, Pratelli A, Buonavoglia C.Experimental infection of goats at different stages of pregnancy with caprine herpesvirus 1[J]. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis,2004,27(1):25-32.
[30]Mccoy M H, Montgomery D L, Bratanich A C,Cavender J,Scharko P B,Vickers M L. Serologic and reproductive findings after a herpesvirus-1 abortion storm in goats[J]. J Am Vet Med Assoc,2007,231(8):1236-1239.
[31]Tempesta M, Pratelli A, Greco G, Martella V,Buonavoglia C. Detection of caprine herpesvirus 1 in sacral ganglia of latently infected goats by PCR[J]. J Clin Microbiol,1999,37(5):1598-1599.
[32]Tolari F,White H,Nixon P. Isolation and reactivation of bovid herpesvirus 1 in goats[J]. Microbiologica,1990,13(1):67-71.
[33]Ros C, Riquelme M E, Forslund K O, Belák S.Improved detection of five closely related ruminant alphaherpesviruses by specific amplification of viral genomic sequences[J]. J Virol Methods,1999,83(1–2):55-65.
[34]Elia G, Tarsitano E, Camero M, Bellacicco A L,Buonavoglia D, Campolo M, Decaro N, Thiry J,Tempesta M. Development of a real-time PCR for the detection and quantitation of caprine herpesvirus 1 in goats[J]. J Virol Methods,2008,148(1–2):155-160.
[35]Buonavoglia C,Tempesta M,Cavalli A,Voigt V,Buonavoglia D,Conserva A,Corrente M. Reactivation of caprine herpesvirus 1 in latently infected goats[J].Comp Immuno Microbiol Infect Dis,1996,19(4):275.
[36]Pratelli A,Greco G,Dall′Ara P,Engels M,Tempesta M,Buonavoglia C. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the genome of two Italian caprine herpesvirus 1 strains[J]. Arch Virol,2000,145(4):845-851.
[37]Marinaro M,Bellacicco A L,Tarsitano E,Camero M,Colao V,Tempesta M,Buonavoglia C. Detection of Caprine herpesvirus 1-specific antibodies in goat sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization test[J]. J Vet Diagn Invest,2010,22(2):245-248.
[38]Thiry J,Keuser V,Muylkens B,Meurens F,Gogev S, Vanderplasschen A, Thiry E. Ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1[J].Vet Res,2006,37(2):169-190.
[39]Thiry J,Saegerman C,Chartier C,Mercier P,Keuser V,Thiry E. Serological evidence of caprine herpesvirus1 infection in Mediterranean France[J]. Vet Microbiol,2008,128(3–4):261-268.
[40]Hecht P, Engels M, Loepfe E, Ackermann M.Comparison of the glycoprotein gC genes of bovine and caprine herpesviruses:Proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the European Society for Vet Virol,1995[C]. Lyon,France press,1995.
[41]Czopowicz M,Kaba J,Szalu-Jordanow O,Nowicki M,Witkowski L,Frymus T. Serological evidence of lack of contact with caprine herpesvirus type 1 and bluetongue virus in goat population in Poland[J]. Polish J Vet Sci,2010,13(4):709-711.
[42]Camero M,Bellacicco A L,Tarsitano E,Decaro N,Martella V,Tempesta M,Buonavoglia C. Intravaginal administration of an inactivated vaccine prevents lesions induced by caprine herpesvirus-1 in goats[J]. Vaccine,2007,25(9):1658-1661.
[43]Tempesta M, Camero M, Greco G, Pratelli A,Martella V, Buonavoglia C. A classical inactivated vaccine induces protection against caprine herpesvirus 1infection in goats[J]. Vaccine,2001,19(28–29):3860-3864.
[44]Mariarosaria M,Giovanni R,Giuseppe D G,Valeriana C,Elvira T,Michele C,Michele L,Canio B,Maria T. A caprine herpesvirus 1 vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 protects against vaginal infection and interferes with the establishment of latency in goats[J/OL]. PLoS One,2012,7(4):e34913.
[45]Tempesta M,Camero M,Bellacicco A L,Tarsitano E,Lorusso A,Martella V,Decaro N,Giudice G D,Cassone A,Quaranta A. Caprine herpesvirus 1 vaccine with the LTK63 mutant as a mucosal adjuvant induces strong protection against genital infection in goats[J].Vaccine,2007,25(46):7927-7930.
[46]Camero M, Marinaro M, Losurdo M, Larocca V,Bodnar L,Patruno G,Buonavoglia C,Tempesta M.Caprine herpesvirus 1(CpHV-1)vaginal infection of goats:clinical efficacy of fig latex[J]. Nat Prod Res,2015,30(5):605-607.
[47]Elia G,Camero M,Decaro N,Lovero A,Martella V,Tempesta M,Buonavoglia C,Crescenzo G. In vitro inhibition of caprine herpesvirus 1 by acyclovir and mizoribine[J]. Res Vet Sci,2015,99:208-211.
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