中国橡胶林下植物物种组成与多样性分析
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摘要
为了解中国植胶区林下植物的物种组成和多样性等基本特征。调查了云南、广东和海南的120个100m~2橡胶林样方的植物,并进行数据分析。应用物种丰富度指数(S)、重要值(IV)、Simpson指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)和Sorensen系数(Cs)等方法,分析了橡胶林下植物物种组成以及物种多样性。结果表明:1)中国植胶区林下植物共有144科539属916种,其中有禾本科(Gramineae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceace)、菊科(Compositae)、蝶形花科(Fabaceae)、茜草科(Rubiaceae)、马鞭草科(Verbenaceae)、桑科(Moraceae)和莎草科(Cyperaceae)8个优势科。2)林分相似性系数最高的是云南省和广东省、海南和广东省,达0.185,而云南省和海南省相似性系数最低,为0.158。3)海南橡胶林林下植物物种丰富度最高,广东省最低;云南橡胶林林下植物Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最高,广东省最低。橡胶林与桉树林相比,橡胶林纯林的物种多样性在丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数上高于桉树林纯林的多样性。
The objective of this paper was to analyze the composition of species and diversity of rubber plantations in China.Plants of 120 plots with an area of 100 m~2 each were sampled and analyzed in the plantations occurring in Yunnan,Guangdong,and Hainan provinces.The understory species composition and diversity of rubber plantations were analyzed by using the species richness(S),importance value(IV),Simpson index(D),Shannon-Wiener index(H)and Sorensen coefficient(Cs).The results showed that:1)there were 916 species,belonging to 539 genera and 144 families in rubber plantations in China.There existed eleven dominant families,i.e.Gramineae,Euphorbiaceace,Compositae,Fabaceae,Rubiaceae,Verbenaceae,Moraceae,Cyperaceae.2)The coefficient of similarity between Yunnan and Guangdong,and Hainan and Guangdong was the highest(0.185),however,it was the lowest(0.158)between Yunnan and Hainan.3)The species richness values of rubber plantations were the highest in Hainan,and the lowest in Guangdong.The Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index values of rubber plantations were the highest in Yunnan,and the lowest in Guangdong.Compared to pure eucalyptus plantation,pure rubber plantation exhibited higher richness index,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index.
The objective of this paper was to analyze the composition of species and diversity of rubber plantations in China.Plants of 120 plots with an area of 100 m~2 each were sampled and analyzed in the plantations occurring in Yunnan,Guangdong,and Hainan provinces.The understory species composition and diversity of rubber plantations were analyzed by using the species richness(S),importance value(IV),Simpson index(D),Shannon-Wiener index(H)and Sorensen coefficient(Cs).The results showed that:1)there were 916 species,belonging to 539 genera and 144 families in rubber plantations in China.There existed eleven dominant families,i.e.Gramineae,Euphorbiaceace,Compositae,Fabaceae,Rubiaceae,Verbenaceae,Moraceae,Cyperaceae.2)The coefficient of similarity between Yunnan and Guangdong,and Hainan and Guangdong was the highest(0.185),however,it was the lowest(0.158)between Yunnan and Hainan.3)The species richness values of rubber plantations were the highest in Hainan,and the lowest in Guangdong.The Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index values of rubber plantations were the highest in Yunnan,and the lowest in Guangdong.Compared to pure eucalyptus plantation,pure rubber plantation exhibited higher richness index,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index.
引文
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[24]TATA H L,VAN N M,RASNOVI S,et al.Forests as provider of tree diversity in rubber agroforest in lowland sumatra[J].Xlll World Forestry Congress,Buenos Aires,Argentina,2009:18-23.
[25]邢慧,蒋菊生,麦全法,等.海南植胶区不同群落结构林下生物多样性分析[J].热带农业科学,2012,32(3):49-53.XING H,JIANG J S,MAI Q F,et al.Biodiversity of different forest community and structure in rubber planting areas in Hainan[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2012,32(3):49-53.(in Chinese)
[26]周会平,岩香甩,张海东,等.西双版纳橡胶林下植被多样性调查研究[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(8):1444-1449.ZHOU H P,YAN X S,ZHANG H D,et al.Species diversity of understory vegetation in rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crope,2012,33(8):1444-1449.(in Chinese)
[27]LIU H M,JIANG J S,DONG S L.Study on biodiversity of the tropical rubber plantation in Hainan[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2006,30(6):55-60.
[28]兰国玉,吴志祥,谢贵水.海南橡胶林植物多样性特征[J].生物多样性,2014,22(5):658-666.LAN G Y,WU Z X,XIE G S.Characteristics of plant species diversity of rubber plantation in Hainan Island[J].Biodiversity Science,2014,22(5):658-666.(in Chinese)
[2]吴志祥,谢贵水,杨川,等.橡胶林生态系统干季微气候特征和通量的初步观察[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(12):2081-2090.
[3]金华斌,田维敏,史敏晶.我国天然橡胶产业发展概况及现状分析[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(5):98-104.JIN H B,TIAN W M,SHI M J.Current situation and industrial development of natural rubber in China[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2017,37(5):98-104.(in Chinese)
[4]祁栋灵,王秀全,张志扬,等.中国天然橡胶产业现状及其发展建议[J].热带农业科学,2013,33(2):79-87.QI D L,WANG X Q,ZHANG Z Y,et al.Current situation of Chinese natural rubber industry and deve-lopment suggestions[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2013,33(2):79-87.(in Chinese)
[5]黄先寒,兰国玉,杨川,等.云南橡胶林林下植物群落物种多样性[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2138-2148.HUANG X H,LAN G Y,YANG C,et al.Understory plant species diversity of rubber plantations in Yunnan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(8):2138-2148.(in Chinese)
[6]黄先寒,兰国玉,杨川,等.广东省橡胶林林下物种组成及灌草物种多样性[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(11):1914-1920.HUANG X H,LAN G Y,YANG C,et al.Understory species composition and shrub-grass species diversity of rubber(Hevea Brasiliensis)plantations in Guangdong Province[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2016,47(11):1914-1920.(in Chinese)
[7]张焱能,谭昕.新常态下海南民营橡胶产业发展现状及对策[J].农业学报,2016,9(6):82-85.ZHANG Y N,TAN X.Development status and countermeasures of private rubber industry in Hainan Province under the new normal[J].Journal of Agriculture,2016,9(6):82-85.(in Chinese)
[8]刘锐金,莫业勇.橡胶产业现状与展望---2012年中国橡胶年会综述[J].热带农业科学,2012,32(6):76-84.LIU R J,MO Y Y.Status and prospects of the rubber industry:review of China rubber annual conference 2012[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2012,32(6):76-84.(in Chinese)
[9]刘少军,周广胜,房世波.中国橡胶树种植气候适宜性区划[J].中国农业科学,2015,12(48):2335-2345.LIU S J,ZHOU G S,FANG S B.Climatic suitability regionalization of rubber plantation in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,12(48):2335-2345.(in Chinese)
[10]中国科学院植物研究所.中国植物志[DB/OL].http://frps.eflora.cn,2004.
[11]中国科学院昆明植物研究所.云南植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[12]陈封环.广东植物志[M].广州:广东科学技术出版社,1994.
[13]陈煥镛.海南植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1964.
[14]中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[15]马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱ:β多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.
[16]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.
[17]吴征镒,周浙昆,李德铢,等.世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统[J].云南植物研究,2003,25(3):245-257.WU Z Y,ZHOU Z K,LI D Z,et al.The areal-types of the world families of seed plants[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,2003,25(3):245-257.(in Chinese)
[18]吴征镒.《世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统》的修订[J].云南植物研究,2003,25(5):535-538.
[19]兰国玉,王纪坤,吴志祥,等.海南儋州橡胶林物种组成及群落特征研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2014,34(5):8-13.LAN G Y,WANG J K,WU Z X,et al.Species composition and community characteristics of rubber forest in Danzhou,Hainan Island[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2014,34(5):8-13.(in Chinese)
[20]黄先寒,兰国玉,杨川,等.云南橡胶林群落种子植物区系研究[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2017,32(6):1092-1099.HUANG X H,LAN G Y,YANG C,et al.Studies on the flora of the seed plants of rubber plantations in Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science,2017,32(6):1092-1099.(in Chinese)
[21]HU Y H,SHENG D Y,XIANG Y Z,et al.The environment,not space,dominantly structures the landscape patterns of the richness and composition of the tropical understory vegetation[J].Plos One,2013,8(11):e81308.
[22]向仰州,徐大平,杨曾奖,等.海南省两种人工林林下物种多样性与土壤水分物理性质的关系[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(1):37-41.XIANG Y Z,XU D P,YANG Z J,et al.Relationship between plant species diversity and soil hydro-physical properties in two plantations in Hainan Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conserva-tion,2012,19(1):37-41.(in Chinese)
[23]黄先寒,兰国玉,杨川,等.海南不同栽培模式下橡胶林灌草物种多样性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):115-120.HUANG X H,LAN G Y,YANG C,et al.Shrub-grass species diversity of rubber plantations under different cultivation patterns in Hainan[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(5):115-120.(in Chinese)
[24]TATA H L,VAN N M,RASNOVI S,et al.Forests as provider of tree diversity in rubber agroforest in lowland sumatra[J].Xlll World Forestry Congress,Buenos Aires,Argentina,2009:18-23.
[25]邢慧,蒋菊生,麦全法,等.海南植胶区不同群落结构林下生物多样性分析[J].热带农业科学,2012,32(3):49-53.XING H,JIANG J S,MAI Q F,et al.Biodiversity of different forest community and structure in rubber planting areas in Hainan[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2012,32(3):49-53.(in Chinese)
[26]周会平,岩香甩,张海东,等.西双版纳橡胶林下植被多样性调查研究[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(8):1444-1449.ZHOU H P,YAN X S,ZHANG H D,et al.Species diversity of understory vegetation in rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crope,2012,33(8):1444-1449.(in Chinese)
[27]LIU H M,JIANG J S,DONG S L.Study on biodiversity of the tropical rubber plantation in Hainan[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2006,30(6):55-60.
[28]兰国玉,吴志祥,谢贵水.海南橡胶林植物多样性特征[J].生物多样性,2014,22(5):658-666.LAN G Y,WU Z X,XIE G S.Characteristics of plant species diversity of rubber plantation in Hainan Island[J].Biodiversity Science,2014,22(5):658-666.(in Chinese)