苏州市人为源挥发性有机物排放清单及特征
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摘要
掌握挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放清单是研究区域大气复合污染和控制策略的基础.本文通过结合国内外学者的源清单研究成果对苏州市人为源VOCs进行系统分类,并根据苏州市相关统计数据和实地调研结果,采用排放因子法建立了苏州市2016年人为源VOCs排放理论值清单.结果表明,2016年苏州市人为源VOCs排放总量约为2.75×10~5 t,其中,生物质燃烧源、化石燃料燃烧源、工业过程源、溶剂使用源、移动源、储存源和生活源分别占排放总量的3.9%、4.3%、22.8%、36.7%、24.0%、6.3%和2.0%.纺织印染、电子设备制造、机械设备制造、橡胶塑料制品生产、基础化学原料制造及建筑装饰、轻型客车制造是苏州市人为源VOCs排放的重点行业(产业),排放量均超过1×10~(4 )t.苏州市各县级市及市辖区中,市辖6区及张家港市的总排放量较高,约占总排放量的60%,张家港市和昆山市的平均排放强度较高,均超过了40 t·km~(-2).
The inventory of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emission was the foundation of research on regional air pollution and pollution control policy making. Anthropogenic VOCs emission sources were classified into seven categories. The inventory of the anthropogenic VOCs emission of Suzhou in 2016, based on statistical data and survey results, was developed via using emission factor method. The result showed that the total emission of Suzhou in 2016 was about 2.75×10~(5 )t, of which 3.9%, 4.3%, 22.8%, 36.7%, 24.0%, 6.3% and 2.0% respectively resulted from biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion, industrial processes, solvent utilization, mobile source, storage and distribution of fuel and domestic pollution source. Since the dyeing industry, electronic equipment manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, rubber and plastic products production, basic chemical raw material manufacturing, architectural decoration, and light vehicles manufacturing are key industries in Suzhou, every of them emit more than 1×10~4 t of VOCs annually. Among the county-level cities and municipal districts, the 6 districts of Suzhou and Zhangjiagang were the two major areas with the highest emission amount, which contributed 60% of the total VOCs emissions, notably the average emission intensity of VOCs in Zhangjiagng and Kunshan exceeded 40 t·km~(-2).
The inventory of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emission was the foundation of research on regional air pollution and pollution control policy making. Anthropogenic VOCs emission sources were classified into seven categories. The inventory of the anthropogenic VOCs emission of Suzhou in 2016, based on statistical data and survey results, was developed via using emission factor method. The result showed that the total emission of Suzhou in 2016 was about 2.75×10~(5 )t, of which 3.9%, 4.3%, 22.8%, 36.7%, 24.0%, 6.3% and 2.0% respectively resulted from biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion, industrial processes, solvent utilization, mobile source, storage and distribution of fuel and domestic pollution source. Since the dyeing industry, electronic equipment manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, rubber and plastic products production, basic chemical raw material manufacturing, architectural decoration, and light vehicles manufacturing are key industries in Suzhou, every of them emit more than 1×10~4 t of VOCs annually. Among the county-level cities and municipal districts, the 6 districts of Suzhou and Zhangjiagang were the two major areas with the highest emission amount, which contributed 60% of the total VOCs emissions, notably the average emission intensity of VOCs in Zhangjiagng and Kunshan exceeded 40 t·km~(-2).
引文
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王效华,郝先荣,金玲.2014.基于典型县入户调查的中国农村家庭能源消费研究[J].农业工程学报,30(14):206-212
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吴洪杰,刘玲英,蔡慧华,等.2013.珠江三角洲制鞋行业挥发性有机化合物排放系数研究[J].中国环境监测,29(4):74-78
夏思佳,赵秋月,李冰,等.2014.江苏省人为源挥发性有机物排放清单[J].环境科学研究,27(2):120-126
夏思佳,刘倩,赵秋月.2018.江苏省人为源VOCs排放清单及其对臭氧生成贡献[J].环境科学,39(2):592-599
杨利娴.2012我国工业源VOCs排放时空分布特征与控制策略研究[D].广州:华南理工大学.21-22
闫雨龙,彭林.2016.山西省人为源VOCs排放清单及其对臭氧生成贡献[J].环境科学,37(11):4086-4093
Zheng J,Zhang L,Che W,et al.2009.A highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for the Pearl River Delta region,China and its uncertainty assessment[J].Atmospheric Environment,43(32):5112-5122
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2008.合成革与人造革工业污染物排放标准(GB21902-2008)[EB/OL].2008-08-01.http://kjs.mee.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/shjbh/swrwpfbz/200807/t20080701_124698.shtml.
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2014a.生物质燃烧源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南[EB/OL].2014-12-31.http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201408/t20140828288364.htm
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2014b.大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[EB/OL].2014-08-20.http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201408/t20140828_288364.htm
陈小方,张伟霞,陈柄旭,等.2018.江门市人为源挥发性有机物排放清单[J].环境科学,39(2):600-607
陈颖.2011.我国工业源VOCs行业排放特征及未来趋势研究[D].广州:华南理工大学.18-25.
国家统计局.2017.2016年中国统计年鉴[EB/OL].2017-12-26.http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2017/indexch.htm
韩丽,王幸锐,何敏,等.2013.四川省典型人为污染源VOCs排放清单及其对大气环境的影响[J].环境科学,34(12):4535-4542
金陶胜,陈东,付雪梅,等.2014.基于油耗调查的2010年天津市农业机械排放研究[J].中国环境科学,34(8):2148-2152
Klimont Z,Streets D G,Gupta S,et al.2002.Anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds in China [J].Atmospheric Environment,36(8):1309-1322
Klinger L F.2002.Assessment of volatile organic compound emissions from ecosystems of China [J].Journal of Geophysical Research,107(D21):4603
林宣益.2017.2016年建筑涂料现状和2017年发展趋势[J].中国涂料,32(3):293-296
刘松华,周静.2015.苏州市人为源挥发性有机物排放清单研究[J].环境与可持续发展,40(1):163-165
刘永红,姚达文,黄建彰.2015.珠三角地区机动车排放清单建立与来源分析[J].环境科学与技术,38(s1):458-463
陆炳,孔少飞,韩斌,等.2011.2007年中国大陆地区生物质燃烧排放污染物清单[J].中国环境科学,31(2):186-194
羌宁.2010.全国石化行业VOCs排放特征研究报告[R].上海:同济大学.23-32
苏州市环境保护局.2017.苏州市固体废物污染环境信息公告(2016年度)[EB/OL].2017-06-05.http://www.szhbj.gov.cn/hbj/InfoDetail/?InfoID=9ac82abc-e051-4529-8bd7-332466e9ab80& CategoryNum=025010002
苏州市统计局.2017.2016年苏州市统计年鉴[EB/OL].2017-12-26.http://www.sztjj.gov.cn/tjnj/2017/indexch.htm.
台湾环境保护署.2009.公私场所固定污染源申报空气污染防制费之挥发性有机物之行业制程排放系数、操作单元(含设备组件)排放系数、控制效率及其他计量规定[R].台北:台湾环境保护署
田贺忠,赵丹,王艳.2011.中国生物质燃烧大气污染物排放清单[J].环境科学学报,31(2):349-357
US EPA.2013.Emissions factors and AP42 compilation of air pollutant emission factors[EB/OL].2013-05-10.https://www.epa.gov/air-emissionsfactors-and-quantification/ap-42-compilation-air-emission-factors
王荆玲.2018.长三角机动车污染排放特征及控制政策评价研究[D].杭州:浙江大学.25-26
王效华,郝先荣,金玲.2014.基于典型县入户调查的中国农村家庭能源消费研究[J].农业工程学报,30(14):206-212
魏巍.2009.中国人为源挥发性有机化合物的排放现状及未来趋势[D].北京:清华大学.27-34,64-65
吴洪杰,刘玲英,蔡慧华,等.2013.珠江三角洲制鞋行业挥发性有机化合物排放系数研究[J].中国环境监测,29(4):74-78
夏思佳,赵秋月,李冰,等.2014.江苏省人为源挥发性有机物排放清单[J].环境科学研究,27(2):120-126
夏思佳,刘倩,赵秋月.2018.江苏省人为源VOCs排放清单及其对臭氧生成贡献[J].环境科学,39(2):592-599
杨利娴.2012我国工业源VOCs排放时空分布特征与控制策略研究[D].广州:华南理工大学.21-22
闫雨龙,彭林.2016.山西省人为源VOCs排放清单及其对臭氧生成贡献[J].环境科学,37(11):4086-4093
Zheng J,Zhang L,Che W,et al.2009.A highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for the Pearl River Delta region,China and its uncertainty assessment[J].Atmospheric Environment,43(32):5112-5122
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2008.合成革与人造革工业污染物排放标准(GB21902-2008)[EB/OL].2008-08-01.http://kjs.mee.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/shjbh/swrwpfbz/200807/t20080701_124698.shtml.
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2014a.生物质燃烧源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南[EB/OL].2014-12-31.http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201408/t20140828288364.htm
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2014b.大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[EB/OL].2014-08-20.http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201408/t20140828_288364.htm
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