不同填料强化生态浮床对淡水养殖水体的净化效果
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摘要
人工填料强化生态浮床是近年来发展起来的一种新兴生态工程修复技术。选取3种不同类型的人工填料与挺水植物组合,分析其对高磷浓度养殖水体和上海市养殖池塘水体的净化效果。结果表明,在高磷浓度(2.36～3.42 mg/L)养殖水体中,人工填料强化生态浮床对TN、TP、COD的平均去除率分别为34.9%,12.2%,26.1%,且3组系统之间差异不明显。在上海市养殖水体平均浓度条件下,3组系统对TN和TP的去除能力为:立体弹性填料强化生态浮床>组合填料强化生态浮床>生物绳填料强化生态浮床,立体弹性填料强化生态浮床对TN和TP的去除率分别为83.9%和69.3%;3组系统对COD和NH_4~+-N的去除率均在70%以上。因此,立体弹性填料强化生态浮床可以考虑应用于上海市淡水养殖池塘水体的生态修复工程。
Enhanced floating treatment wetland(EFTW) with biofilm carriers is a new ecological restoration technology developed in recent years. In this study, three kinds of biofilm carriers were added into traditional floating treatment wetland(FTW). Their purifying effects on high phosphorus-concentration aquaculture water and aquaculture pond water in Shanghai were examined. Results elucidated that in high phosphorus-concentration(2.36-3.42 mg/L) aquaculture water, the average removal rates of TN, TP and COD were 34.9%, 12.2% and 26.1%, respectively, with no significant difference among the three treatment groups; in aquaculture pond water in Shanghai with average polluted level, EFTW with elastic packing had the best ability of purifying TN and TP with the removal rate reaching 83.9% and 69.3%, respectively, followed by EFTW with combined packing and EFTW with bio-cord packing. The removal rates of COD and NH_4~+-N by the three treatment systems all exceeded 70%. In conclusion, EFTW with elastic packing can be applied to the ecological restoration project in freshwater aquaculture ponds in Shanghai.
Enhanced floating treatment wetland(EFTW) with biofilm carriers is a new ecological restoration technology developed in recent years. In this study, three kinds of biofilm carriers were added into traditional floating treatment wetland(FTW). Their purifying effects on high phosphorus-concentration aquaculture water and aquaculture pond water in Shanghai were examined. Results elucidated that in high phosphorus-concentration(2.36-3.42 mg/L) aquaculture water, the average removal rates of TN, TP and COD were 34.9%, 12.2% and 26.1%, respectively, with no significant difference among the three treatment groups; in aquaculture pond water in Shanghai with average polluted level, EFTW with elastic packing had the best ability of purifying TN and TP with the removal rate reaching 83.9% and 69.3%, respectively, followed by EFTW with combined packing and EFTW with bio-cord packing. The removal rates of COD and NH_4~+-N by the three treatment systems all exceeded 70%. In conclusion, EFTW with elastic packing can be applied to the ecological restoration project in freshwater aquaculture ponds in Shanghai.
引文
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[2] 张劲,黄薇,桑连海.浮床植物水质净化能力及其影响因素研究[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(12):39-42.
[3] 黄薇,张劲,桑连海.生物浮岛技术的研发历程及在水体生态修复中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(10):37-42.
[4] 聂玉华.微曝气强化生态浮床对污水中氮元素的去除效果研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.
[5] 戴栋超,黄廷林,王震,等.生态组合技术净化景观水体实验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,38(6):786-789.
[6] 汪松美,周晓红,储金宇,等.空心菜浮床+仿生植物系统对污染物去除效果[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(3):78-82.
[7] 张毅敏,高月香,吴小敏,等.复合立体生物浮床技术对微污染水体氮磷的去除效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(增刊1):24-29.
[8] 马强,高明瑜,谭伟,等.新型生态浮岛在改善水质中的作用及生物膜载体微生物特征研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1596-1601.
[9] 徐功娣,张增胜,韩丽媛,等.强化生态浮床与普通浮床对污染物净化效果对比研究[J].水处理技术,2010,36(4):93-96.
[10] 魏瑞霞,武会强,张锦瑞,等.植物浮床-微生物对污染水体的修复作用[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):68-74.
[11] ZHAO Feng-liang,XI Shu,YANG Xiao-e,et al.Purifying Eutrophic River Waters with Integrated Floating Island Systems[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,40:53-60.
[12] CHEN Chong-jun,ZHANG Rui,CHEN Liang-wang,et al.Removal of Nitrogen from Wastewater with Perennial Ryegrass/Artificial Aquatic Mats Biofilm Combined System[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(4):670-676.
[13] ZHANG Ling-ling,ZHAO Jing,CUI Na-xin,et al.Enhancing the Water Purification Efficiency of a Floating Treatment Wetland Using a Biofilm Carrier[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(8):7437-7443.
[14] CAO Wen-ping,ZHANG Yan-qiu.Removal of Nitrogen (N) from Hypereutrophic Waters by Ecological Floating Beds (EFBs) with Various Substrates[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,62:148-152.
[15] IJAZ A,SHABIR G,KHAN Q M,et al.Enhanced Remediation of Sewage Effluent by Endophyte-assisted Floating Treatment Wetlands[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,84:58-66.
[16] 陈亚男.几种填料生物膜特性与挂膜参数优化研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[17] 杨凤娟.不同工艺生态浮床技术对污染水体的净化效果、机制及示范研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2011.