坡向对毛竹林土壤养分及其生态化学计量特征的影响
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摘要
采集浙江省龙游县境内毛竹林地不同坡向(阴坡和阳坡)的土壤样品进行对比分析,研究坡向对毛竹林地土壤养分及其生态化学计量特征的影响.结果表明:土壤养分受坡向和土层深度的影响,采样区内土壤的养分水平呈阴坡>阳坡、表层土壤>底层土壤的变化趋势.阴坡土壤的阳离子交换量、总有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、全钾和速效钾含量显著高于阳坡,分别高43.7%、103.8%、92.0%、75.5%、22.4%、89.4%和240.7%,而阴坡和阳坡土壤的全磷含量并无显著性差异.0～20 cm、20～40 cm和40～60 cm 3个土层中,无论是阴坡还是阳坡,其土壤C/N差异均不显著,而阴坡土壤C/P显著高于阳坡,分别高180.8%、42.0%和54.3%;各土层中,阴坡和阳坡土壤的C/K和N/K之间的差异不显著,而阴坡和阳坡土壤的C/K和N/K在3个土层间存在极显著性差异.采样区域内阴坡土壤有机碳与全氮、全磷和全钾之间呈极显著的正相关关系,并且与各速效养分间也均呈极显著的正相关关系.总体而言,毛竹林阴坡的土壤养分及其生态化学计量特征优于阳坡.
We analyzed the effects of slope direction on soil nutrients and ecological stoichiometry by collecting soil samples from different slope directions(shady slope and sunny slope) of the bamboo forest in Longyou County, Zhejiang Province. The results showed that soil nutrients were affected by slope direction and soil depth. The nutrients level of soils in the sampling area showed the trends of shady slope > sunny slope, and surface soil > bottom soil. Compared to sunny slope, the cation exchange capacity(CEC), the contents of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium of shady soils significantly increased by 43.7%, 103.8%, 92.0%, 75.5%, 22.4%, 89.4% and 240.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus contents between shady slope and sunny slope. At all soil layers, there was no significant difference of C/N ratio between shady and sunny slopes. The average C/P ratio of shady slope was 180.8%, 42.0% and 54.3% higher than that of sunny slope at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm, respectively. At each soil layer, the average C/K and N/K ratios between shady and sunny slopes had no significant difference. The average C/K and N/K ratios of shady slope and sunny slope were all significantly different among the three soil layers. In the shady slope, the contents of soil organic carbon showed significantly positive correlation with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and soil available nutrients. Overall, soil nutrients and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of shady slope of bamboo forest were superior to those of sunny slope.
We analyzed the effects of slope direction on soil nutrients and ecological stoichiometry by collecting soil samples from different slope directions(shady slope and sunny slope) of the bamboo forest in Longyou County, Zhejiang Province. The results showed that soil nutrients were affected by slope direction and soil depth. The nutrients level of soils in the sampling area showed the trends of shady slope > sunny slope, and surface soil > bottom soil. Compared to sunny slope, the cation exchange capacity(CEC), the contents of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium of shady soils significantly increased by 43.7%, 103.8%, 92.0%, 75.5%, 22.4%, 89.4% and 240.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus contents between shady slope and sunny slope. At all soil layers, there was no significant difference of C/N ratio between shady and sunny slopes. The average C/P ratio of shady slope was 180.8%, 42.0% and 54.3% higher than that of sunny slope at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm, respectively. At each soil layer, the average C/K and N/K ratios between shady and sunny slopes had no significant difference. The average C/K and N/K ratios of shady slope and sunny slope were all significantly different among the three soil layers. In the shady slope, the contents of soil organic carbon showed significantly positive correlation with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and soil available nutrients. Overall, soil nutrients and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of shady slope of bamboo forest were superior to those of sunny slope.
引文
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[19] Zhu X-H (朱晓晖),Du X-Y (杜晓玉),Zhang W-L (张维理).Effect of organic fertilizer types on soil available phosphorus accumulation and its risk of loss.Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China (中国土壤与肥料),2013(5):14-18 (in Chinese)
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[21] Yan D-R (闫德仁).Comparative study on changes of soil nutrient content in plantation.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境),2014,28(9):57-62 (in Chinese)
[22] Fan Y-X (范跃新),Yang Y-S (杨玉盛),Yang Z-J (杨智杰),et al.Soil active organic carbon contents and seasonal dynamics in different succession stages of central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(18):5751-5759 (in Chinese)
[23] Huang YM,Dong L,An SS.Effects of slope aspect on soil nitrogen and microbial properties in the Chinese Loess region.Catena,2015,125:135-145
[24] Zhou Z-H (周正虎),Wang C-K (王传宽),Zhang Q-Z (张全智).The effect of land use change on soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus contents and their stoichio-metry in temperate sapling stands in northeastern China.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2015,35(20):6694-6702 (in Chinese)
[25] Zhao F,Kang D,Han X,et al.Soil stoichiometry and carbon storage in long-term afforestation soil affected by understory vegetation diversity.Ecological Engineering,2015,74:415-422
[26] Blouin M,Sery N,Cluzeau D,et al.Balkanized research in ecological engineering revealed by a bibliometric analysis of earthworms and ecosystem services.Environmental Management,2013,52:309-320
[27] Liu X-H (刘兴华).C,N,P Stoichiometry of Plant and Soil in Wetland of Yellow River Delta.PhD Thesis.Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2013 (in Chinese)
[28] Li H-L (李红林),Gong L (贡璐),Zhu M-L (朱美玲),et al.Stoichiometric characteristics of soil in an oasis on northern edge of Tarim Basin,China.Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报),2015,52(6):1345-1355 (in Chinese)
[29] Tao Y (陶冶),Zhang Y-M (张元明),Zhou X-B (周晓兵).Ecological stoichiometry of shallow soil nutrients in Yili wild fruit forest and its influencing factors.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(7):2239-2248 (in Chinese)
[30] Pengthamkeerati P,Motavalli PP,Kremer RJ.Soil microbial activity and functional diversity changed by compaction,poultry litter and cropping in a claypan soil.Applied Soil Ecology,2011,48:71-80
[31] He X,Su Y,Liang Y,et al.Land reclamation and short-term cultivation change soil microbial communities and bacterial metabolic profiles.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2012,92:1103-1111
[2] Wang X (王星),Li Z-B (李占斌),Li P (李鹏),et al.Landform distribution features of soil erosion in Ningqiang County.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2012,28(11):132-137 (in Chinese)
[3] Liu X (刘序),Hu Y-M (胡月明),Li H-X (李华兴),et al.The correlation analysis on the soil total nitrogen content of lateritic red soil and terrain characteristics in Guangdong Province based on DEM.Journal of South China Agricultural University (华南农业大学学报),2010,31(1):17-21 (in Chinese)
[4] Zhu Y-Y (朱云云),Wang X-A (王孝安),Wang X (王贤),et al.Effect of slope aspect on the functional diversity of grass communities in the Loess Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2016,36(21):6823-6833 (in Chinese)
[5] Toenshoff C,Joergensen RG,Stuelpnagel R,et al.Carbon in plant biomass and soils of poplar and willow plantations:Implications for SOC distribution in different soil fractions after reconversion to arable land.Plant and Soil,2012,367:407-417
[6] Yen TM,Lee JS.Comparing aboveground carbon sequestration between moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) and China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests based on the allometric model.Forest Ecology and Management,2011,261:995-1002
[7] Forest Resources Accounting Research Project Group of China (中国森林资源核算研究项目组).China’s Forest Resources Accounting in the context of Ecocivilization Institutional Development.Beijing:China Forestry Press,2015 (in Chinese)
[8] Du M-Y (杜满义),Fan S-H (范少辉),Liu G-L (刘广路),et al.Stoichiometric characteristics of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in Phyllostachys edulis forests of China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2016,40(8):760-774 (in Chinese)
[9] Guo B-H (郭宝华).Study on Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Carbon,Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Bamboo Forest with Different Productivity Levels.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2014 (in Chinese)
[10] Yang M (杨萌),Li Y-F (李永夫),Li Y-C (李永春),et al.Effects of intensive management on soil C and N pools and soil enzyme activities in Moso bamboo plantations.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(11):3455-3462 (in Chinese)
[11] Zhang S-P (张顺平),Qiao J (乔杰),Sun X-Y (孙向阳),et al.Effects of slope and slope positions on spatial distribution of soil nutrients in Paulownia plantation.Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology (中南林业科技大学学报),2015,35(1):109-116 (in Chinese)
[12] Fan Y-Q (范叶青),Zhou G-M (周国模),Shi Y-J (施拥军),et al.Effects of slope position on biomass and carbon storage of bamboo forest.Journal of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University (浙江农林大学学报),2012,29(3):321-327 (in Chinese)
[13] Ding Z-L (丁正亮).Characteristics of Soil Fertility and Its Relationship with Productivity in Bamboo Forest of Dabie Mountain in Anhui Province.PhD Thesis.Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2011 (in Chinese)
[14] Bao S-D (鲍士旦).Soil Agrochemical Analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000 (in Chinese)
[15] Xi J-Q (席军强),Yang Z-H (杨自辉),Guo S-J (郭树江),et al.Correlation between physical and chemical properties and microbes in different types of white thorn sand dunes.Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报),2015,24(6):64-74 (in Chinese)
[16] Pan J-L (潘剑玲),Dai W-A (代万安),Shang Z-H (尚占环),et al.Advances in research on effects of straw returning on soil organic matter and nitrogen availa-bility and mechanism.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2013,21(5):526-535 (in Chinese)
[17] Zhao T (赵彤),Jiang Y-L (蒋跃利),Yan H (闫浩),et al.Effects of different slope directions on soil microbial biomass and soluble organic carbon in Loess Hilly Region.Environmental Science (环境科学),2013,34(8):3223-3230 (in Chinese)
[18] Li L (李龙),Yao Y-F (姚云峰),Qin F-C (秦富仓).Distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon content and its influencing factors in Chifeng terraced fields in Inner Mongolia.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2014,33(11):2930-2935 (in Chinese)
[19] Zhu X-H (朱晓晖),Du X-Y (杜晓玉),Zhang W-L (张维理).Effect of organic fertilizer types on soil available phosphorus accumulation and its risk of loss.Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China (中国土壤与肥料),2013(5):14-18 (in Chinese)
[20] Hansen K,Vesterdal L,Schmidt IK,et al.Litter fall and nutrient return in five tree species in a common garden experiment.Forest Ecology and Management,2009,257:2133-2144
[21] Yan D-R (闫德仁).Comparative study on changes of soil nutrient content in plantation.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境),2014,28(9):57-62 (in Chinese)
[22] Fan Y-X (范跃新),Yang Y-S (杨玉盛),Yang Z-J (杨智杰),et al.Soil active organic carbon contents and seasonal dynamics in different succession stages of central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(18):5751-5759 (in Chinese)
[23] Huang YM,Dong L,An SS.Effects of slope aspect on soil nitrogen and microbial properties in the Chinese Loess region.Catena,2015,125:135-145
[24] Zhou Z-H (周正虎),Wang C-K (王传宽),Zhang Q-Z (张全智).The effect of land use change on soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus contents and their stoichio-metry in temperate sapling stands in northeastern China.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2015,35(20):6694-6702 (in Chinese)
[25] Zhao F,Kang D,Han X,et al.Soil stoichiometry and carbon storage in long-term afforestation soil affected by understory vegetation diversity.Ecological Engineering,2015,74:415-422
[26] Blouin M,Sery N,Cluzeau D,et al.Balkanized research in ecological engineering revealed by a bibliometric analysis of earthworms and ecosystem services.Environmental Management,2013,52:309-320
[27] Liu X-H (刘兴华).C,N,P Stoichiometry of Plant and Soil in Wetland of Yellow River Delta.PhD Thesis.Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2013 (in Chinese)
[28] Li H-L (李红林),Gong L (贡璐),Zhu M-L (朱美玲),et al.Stoichiometric characteristics of soil in an oasis on northern edge of Tarim Basin,China.Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报),2015,52(6):1345-1355 (in Chinese)
[29] Tao Y (陶冶),Zhang Y-M (张元明),Zhou X-B (周晓兵).Ecological stoichiometry of shallow soil nutrients in Yili wild fruit forest and its influencing factors.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(7):2239-2248 (in Chinese)
[30] Pengthamkeerati P,Motavalli PP,Kremer RJ.Soil microbial activity and functional diversity changed by compaction,poultry litter and cropping in a claypan soil.Applied Soil Ecology,2011,48:71-80
[31] He X,Su Y,Liang Y,et al.Land reclamation and short-term cultivation change soil microbial communities and bacterial metabolic profiles.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2012,92:1103-1111