利用地方震、远震走时和面波数据联合反演日本俯冲带P波和S波层析成像
|
摘要
通过最新收集的大量高质量的地方震和远震事件的到时数据进行联合反演,我们确定了日本俯冲带约700km深度的P波和S波速度层析成像。我们还使用远震瑞利波的振幅和相速度,确定了日本及其附近海域下方20~150s周期基阶瑞利波的二维相速度图像。研究区精细三维S波层析成像可通过地方震和远震事件的S波到时,及瑞利波相速度数据进行联合反演得到。我们的反演结果揭示:一维原始速度模型中,俯冲太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块呈现明显的高速区。在板块上方的地幔楔和太平洋板块下方的地幔中存在显著的低速异常。俯冲板块和周围地幔之间速度有明显的差异,表明温度、水含量和/或部分熔融程度有显著的横向变化。地幔楔低速异常是由板块脱水作用和地幔楔拐角流造成。在日本东北太平洋板块下方显示片状的低速区,这可能反映了地幔深部热上涌以及地幔柱软流圈的俯冲作用。我们的结果表明不同的地震数据联合反演,对于得到地壳和地幔可靠的层析成像图像是非常有效和重要的。
引文
Abdelwahed,M.,Zhao,D.,2007.Deep structure of the Japan subduction zone.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.162,32-52.
Asamori,K.,Zhao,D.,2015.Teleseismic shear wave tomography of the Japan subduction zone.Geophys.J.Int.203,1752-1772.
Barklage,M.,Wiens,D.,Conder,J.,Pozgay,S.,Shiobara,H.,Sugioka,H.,2015.P and S velocity tomography of the Mariana subduction system from a combined landsea seismic deployment.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.16,681-704.
Chen,C.,Zhao,D.,Wu,S.,2015a.Tomographic imaging of the Cascadia subduction zone:constraints on the Juan de Fuca slab.Tectonophysics 647,73-88.
Chen,M.,Niu,F.,Liu,Q.,Tromp,J.,Zheng,X.,2015b.Multiparameter adjoint tomography of the crust and upper mantle beneath East Asia:1.Model construction and comparisons.J.Geophys.Res.120,1762-1786.
Crotwell,H.,Owens,T.,Ritsema,J.,1999.The TauP toolkit:flexible seismic traveltime and ray-path utilities.Seismol.Res.Lett.70,154-160.
Dahlen,F.,Hung,S.,Nolet,G.,2000.Fréchet kernels for finite-frequency traveltimes-I.Theory.Geophys.J.Int.141,157-174.
Dziewonski,A.,Anderson,D.,1981.Preliminary refe-rence Earth model.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.25,297-356.
Eberhart-Phillips,D.,Bannister,S.,2015.3-D imaging of the northern Hikurangi subduction zone,New Zealand:variations in subducted sediment,slab fluids and slow slip.Geophys.J.Int.201,838-855.
Forsyth,D.,Li,A.,2005.Array analysis of twodimensional variations in surface wave phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy in the pres-ence of multipathing interference.In:Levander,A.,Nolet,G.(Ed.),Seismic Earth:Array Analysis of Broadband Seismograms,Geophys-ical Monograph,vol.157,AGU,Washington,D.C,pp.81-97.
Friederich,W.,2003.The S-velocity structure of the East Asian mantle from inversion of shear and surface waveforms.Geophys.J.Int.153,88-102.
Goldstein,P.,Dodge,D.,Firpo,M.,Minner,L.,2003.SAC2000:signal processing and analysis tools for seismologists and engineers.In:Lee,W.et al.(Eds.),The IASPEI International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology.Academic Press,London,U.K.,pp.1613-1641.
Gorbatov,A.,Kennett,B.,2003.Joint bulk-sound and shear tomography for Western Pacific subduc-tion zones.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.210,527-543.
Hasegawa,A.,Nakajima,J.,Yanada,T.,Uchida,N.,Okada,T.,Zhao,D.,Matsuzawa,T.,Umino,N.,2013.Complex slab structure and arc magmatism beneath the Japanese Islands.J.A-sian Earth Sci.78,277-290.
Huang,J.,Zhao,D.,2006.High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions.J.Geophys.Res.111,B09305.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004066.
Huang,Z.,Zhao,D.,Hasegawa,A.,Umino,N.,Park,J.,Kang,I.,2013.Aseismic deep subduction of the Philippine Sea plate and slab window.J.Asian Earth Sci.75,82-94.
Huang,Z.,Zhao,D.,Liu,X.,2015a.On the tradeoff between seismic anisotropy and heterogeneity:numerical simulations and application to Northeast Japan.J.Geophys.Res.120,3255-3277.
Huang,Z.,Zhao,D.,Wang,L.,2015b.P-wave tomography and anisotropy beneath Southeast Asia:insight into mantle dynamics.J.Geophys.Res.120,5154-5174.
Hung,S.,Dahlen,F.,Nolet,G.,2000.Fréchet kernels for finite-frequency traveltimes-II.Examples.Geophys.J.Int.141,175-203.
Iwamori,H.,Zhao,D.,2000.Melting and seismic structure beneath the northeast Japan arc.Geophys.Res.Lett.27,425-428.
Jiang,G.,Zhao,D.,Zhang,G.,2009.Seismic tomography of the Pacific slab edge under Kamchatka.Tectonophysics 465,190-203.
Kennett,B.,Engdahl,E.,1991.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification.Geophys.J.Int.105,429-465.
Koulakov,I.,2011.High-frequency P and S velocity anomalies in the upper mantle beneath Asia from inversion of worldwide traveltime data.J.Geophys.Res.116,B04301.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007938.
Laske,G.,Masters,G.,Ma,Z.,Pasyanos,M.,2013.Update on CRUST1.0-A 1-degree Global Model of Earths Crust.Geophysical Research Abstra-cts 15,Abstract EGU2013-2658.
Lees,J.,VanDecar,J.,1991.Seismic tomography constrained by Bouguer gravity anomalies:applications in western Washington.Pure Appl.Geophys.135,31-52.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,Li,S.,2013a.Seismic heterogeneity and anisotropy of the southern Kuril arc:insight into megathrust earthquakes.Geophys.J.Int.194,1069-1090.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,Li,S.,2013b.Seismic imaging of the Southwest Japan arc from the Nankai trough to the Japan Sea.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.216,59-73.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,Li,S.,2014.Seismic attenuation tomography of the Northeast Japan arc:insight into the 2011Tohoku earthquake(MW9.0)and subduction dynamics.J.Geophys.Res.119,1094-1118.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,2014.Structural control on the nucleation of megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai subduction zone.Geophys.Res.Lett.41,8288-8293.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,2015.Seismic attenuation tomography of the Southwest Japan arc:new insight into subduction dynamics.Geophys.J.Int.201,135-156.
Maruyama,S.,Santosh,M.,Zhao,D.,2007.Superplume,supercontinent,and postperovskite:mantle dynamics and anti-plate tectonics on the core-mantle boundary.Gondwana Res.11,7-37.
Morgan,J.,Hasenclever,J.,Shi,C.,2013.New observational and experimental evidence for a plume-fed asthenosphere boundary layer in mantle convection.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.366,99-111.
Nakajima,J.,Hirose,F.,Hasegawa,A.,2009.Seismotectonics beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area,Japan:effect of slab-slab contact and overlap on seismicity.J.Geophys.Res.114,B08309.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006101.
Obayashi,M.,Yoshimitsu,J.,Nolet,G.,Fukao,Y.,Shiobara,H.,Sugioka,H.,Miyamachi,H.,Gao,Y.,2013.Finite frequency whole mantle P wave tomography:improvement of subducted slab images.Geophys.Res.Lett.40,5652-5657.
Okada,Y.,Kasahara,K.,Hori,S.,Obara,K.,Sekiguchi,S.,Fujiwara,H.,Yamamoto,A.,2004.Recent progress of seismic observation networks in Japan:Hi-net,F-net,K-net and KiK-net.Earth Planets Space 56,15-28.
Paige,C.,Saunders,M.,1982.LSQR:an algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares.ACM Trans.Math.Software 8,43-71.
Press,W.,Teukolsky,S.,Vetterling,W.,Flannery,B.,1992.Numerical Recipes in FORTAN:The Art of Scientific Computing,second ed.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge.
Pozgay,S.,Wiens,D.,Conder,J.,Shiobara,H.,Sugioka,H.,2009.Seismic attenuation tomography of the Mariana subduction system:implications for thermal structure,volatile distribution,and slow spreading dynamics.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.10,Q04X05.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002313.
Qi,C.,Zhao,D.,Chen,Y.,2007.Search for deep slab segments under Alaska.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.165,68-82.
Roth,E.,Wiens,D.,Dorman,L.,Hildebrand,J.,Webb,S.,1999.Seismic attenuation tomography of the Tonga-Fiji region using phase pair me-thods.J.Geophys.Res.104,4795-4809.
Roth,E.,Wiens,D.,Zhao,D.,2000.An empirical relationship between seismic attenuation and velocity anomalies in the upper mantle.Geophys.Res.Lett.27,601-604.
Saito,M.,1988.DISPER80:a subroutine package for the calculation of seismic normal mode solutions.In:Doornbos,D.(Ed.),Seismological Algorithms:Computational Methods and Computer Programs.Academic Press,New York,pp.293-319.
Stachnik,J.,Abers,G.,Christensen,D.,2004.Seismic attenuation and mantle wedge temperatures in the Alaska subduction zone.J.Geophys.Res.109,B10304.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB00 3018.
Syracuse,E.,Maceira,M.,Zhang,H.,Thurber,C.,2015.Seismicity and structure of Akutan and Makushin Volcanoes,Alaska,using joint body and surface wave tomography.J.Geophys.Res.120,1036-1052.
Tian,Y.,Zhao,D.,2012.Seismic anisotropy and heterogeneity in the Alaska subduction zone.Geophys.J.Int.190,629-649.
Tong,P.,Zhao,D.,Yang,D.,2011.Tomography of the 1995 Kobe earthquake area:comparison of finite-frequency and ray approaches.Geophys.J.Int.187,278-302.
Tong,P.,Zhao,D.,Yang,D.,2012.Tomography of the 2011Iwaki earthquake(M7.0)and Fukushima nuclear power plant area.Solid Earth 3,43-51.
VanDecar,J.,Crosson,R.,1990.Determination of teleseismic relative phase arrival times using multi-channel cross-correlation and least squares.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.80,150-169.
Villagómez,D.,Toomey,D.,Geist,D.,Hooft,E.,Solomon,S.,2014.Mantle flow and multistage melting beneath the Galapagos hotspot revealed by seismic imaging.Nat.Geosci.7,151-156.
Wang,J.,Zhao,D.,2012.P-wave anisotropic tomography of the Nankai subduction zone in Southwest Japan.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.13,Q05017.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GC00 4081.
Wang,J.,Zhao,D.,2013.P-wave tomography for 3-D radial and azimuthal anisotropy of Tohoku and Kyushu subduction zones.Geophys.J.Int.193,1166-1181.
Wei,W.,Xu,J.,Zhao,D.,Shi,Y.,2012.East Asia mantle tomography:New insight into plate subduction and intraplate volcanism.J.Asian Earth Sci.60,88-103.
Wei,W.,Zhao,D.,Xu,J.,Wei,F.,Liu,G.,2015.Pand S wave tomography and anisotropy in Northwest Pacific and East Asia:constraints on stagnant slab and intraplate volcanism.J.Geophys.Res.120,1642-1666.
Wessel,P.,Smith,W.,1998.New,improved version of the generic mapping tools released.EOSTrans.Am.Geophys.Union 79,579.
Wiens,D.,Conder,J.,Faul,U.,2008.The seismic structure and dynamics of the mantle wedge.Annu.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.36,421-455.
Xia,S.,Zhao,D.,Qiu,X.,2008.Tomographic evidence for the subducting oceanic crust and forearc mantle serpentinization under Kyushu,Japan.Tectonophysics 449,85-96.
Yang,Y.,Forsyth,D.,2006.Regional tomographic inversion of the amplitude and phase of Rayleigh waves with 2-D sensitivity kernels.Geophys.J.Int.166,1148-1160.
Yoshizawa,K.,Miyake,K.,Yomogida,K.,2010.3Dupper mantle structure beneath Japan and its surrounding region from inter-station dispersion measurements of surface waves.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.183,4-19.
Zhang,H.,Maceira,M.,Roux,P.,Thurber,C.,2014.Joint inversion of body-wave arrival times and surface-wave dispersion for three-dimensional seismic structure around SAFOD.Pure Appl.Geophys.171,3013-3022.
Zhang,Y.,Tanimoto,T.,1993.High-resolution global upper mantle structure and plate tectonics.J.Geophys.Res.98,9793-9823.
Zhao,D.,Hasegawa,A.,Horiuchi,S.,1992.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan.J.Geophys.Res.97,19909-19928.
Zhao,D.,Hasegawa,A.,Kanamori,H.,1994.Deep structure of Japan subduction zone as derived from local,regional,and teleseismic events.J.Geophys.Res.99,22313-22329.
Zhao,D.,Kanamori,H.,Negishi,H.,Wiens,D.,1996.Tomography of the source area of the1995Kobe earthquake:evidence for fluids at the hypocenter?Science 274,1891-1894.
Zhao,D.,Matsuzawa,T.,Hasegawa,A.,1997a.Morphology of the subducting slab boundary in the northeastern Japan arc.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.102,89-104.
Zhao,D.,Xu,Y.,Wiens,D.,Dorman,L.,Hildebrand,J.,Webb,S.,1997b.Depth extent of the Lau back-arc spreading center and its relation to subduction processes.Science 278,254-257.
Zhao,D.,2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.146,3-34.
Zhao,D.,Yanada,T.,Hasegawa,A.,Umino,N.,Wei,W.,2012.Imaging the subducting slabs and mantle upwelling under the Japan Islands.Geophys.J.Int.190,816-828.
Zhao,D.,Yamamoto,Y.,Yanada,T.,2013.Global mantle heterogeneity and its influence on teleseismic regional tomography.Gondwana Res.23,595-616.
Zhao,D.,2015.The 2011Tohoku earthquake(MW9.0)sequence and subduction dynamics in Western Pacific and East Asia.J.Asian Earth Sci.98,26-49.
Zhao,D.,Yu,S.,Liu,X.,2016.Seismic anisotropy tomography:new insight into subduction dynamics.Gondwana Res.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2015.05.008.
Asamori,K.,Zhao,D.,2015.Teleseismic shear wave tomography of the Japan subduction zone.Geophys.J.Int.203,1752-1772.
Barklage,M.,Wiens,D.,Conder,J.,Pozgay,S.,Shiobara,H.,Sugioka,H.,2015.P and S velocity tomography of the Mariana subduction system from a combined landsea seismic deployment.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.16,681-704.
Chen,C.,Zhao,D.,Wu,S.,2015a.Tomographic imaging of the Cascadia subduction zone:constraints on the Juan de Fuca slab.Tectonophysics 647,73-88.
Chen,M.,Niu,F.,Liu,Q.,Tromp,J.,Zheng,X.,2015b.Multiparameter adjoint tomography of the crust and upper mantle beneath East Asia:1.Model construction and comparisons.J.Geophys.Res.120,1762-1786.
Crotwell,H.,Owens,T.,Ritsema,J.,1999.The TauP toolkit:flexible seismic traveltime and ray-path utilities.Seismol.Res.Lett.70,154-160.
Dahlen,F.,Hung,S.,Nolet,G.,2000.Fréchet kernels for finite-frequency traveltimes-I.Theory.Geophys.J.Int.141,157-174.
Dziewonski,A.,Anderson,D.,1981.Preliminary refe-rence Earth model.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.25,297-356.
Eberhart-Phillips,D.,Bannister,S.,2015.3-D imaging of the northern Hikurangi subduction zone,New Zealand:variations in subducted sediment,slab fluids and slow slip.Geophys.J.Int.201,838-855.
Forsyth,D.,Li,A.,2005.Array analysis of twodimensional variations in surface wave phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy in the pres-ence of multipathing interference.In:Levander,A.,Nolet,G.(Ed.),Seismic Earth:Array Analysis of Broadband Seismograms,Geophys-ical Monograph,vol.157,AGU,Washington,D.C,pp.81-97.
Friederich,W.,2003.The S-velocity structure of the East Asian mantle from inversion of shear and surface waveforms.Geophys.J.Int.153,88-102.
Goldstein,P.,Dodge,D.,Firpo,M.,Minner,L.,2003.SAC2000:signal processing and analysis tools for seismologists and engineers.In:Lee,W.et al.(Eds.),The IASPEI International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology.Academic Press,London,U.K.,pp.1613-1641.
Gorbatov,A.,Kennett,B.,2003.Joint bulk-sound and shear tomography for Western Pacific subduc-tion zones.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.210,527-543.
Hasegawa,A.,Nakajima,J.,Yanada,T.,Uchida,N.,Okada,T.,Zhao,D.,Matsuzawa,T.,Umino,N.,2013.Complex slab structure and arc magmatism beneath the Japanese Islands.J.A-sian Earth Sci.78,277-290.
Huang,J.,Zhao,D.,2006.High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions.J.Geophys.Res.111,B09305.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004066.
Huang,Z.,Zhao,D.,Hasegawa,A.,Umino,N.,Park,J.,Kang,I.,2013.Aseismic deep subduction of the Philippine Sea plate and slab window.J.Asian Earth Sci.75,82-94.
Huang,Z.,Zhao,D.,Liu,X.,2015a.On the tradeoff between seismic anisotropy and heterogeneity:numerical simulations and application to Northeast Japan.J.Geophys.Res.120,3255-3277.
Huang,Z.,Zhao,D.,Wang,L.,2015b.P-wave tomography and anisotropy beneath Southeast Asia:insight into mantle dynamics.J.Geophys.Res.120,5154-5174.
Hung,S.,Dahlen,F.,Nolet,G.,2000.Fréchet kernels for finite-frequency traveltimes-II.Examples.Geophys.J.Int.141,175-203.
Iwamori,H.,Zhao,D.,2000.Melting and seismic structure beneath the northeast Japan arc.Geophys.Res.Lett.27,425-428.
Jiang,G.,Zhao,D.,Zhang,G.,2009.Seismic tomography of the Pacific slab edge under Kamchatka.Tectonophysics 465,190-203.
Kennett,B.,Engdahl,E.,1991.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification.Geophys.J.Int.105,429-465.
Koulakov,I.,2011.High-frequency P and S velocity anomalies in the upper mantle beneath Asia from inversion of worldwide traveltime data.J.Geophys.Res.116,B04301.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007938.
Laske,G.,Masters,G.,Ma,Z.,Pasyanos,M.,2013.Update on CRUST1.0-A 1-degree Global Model of Earths Crust.Geophysical Research Abstra-cts 15,Abstract EGU2013-2658.
Lees,J.,VanDecar,J.,1991.Seismic tomography constrained by Bouguer gravity anomalies:applications in western Washington.Pure Appl.Geophys.135,31-52.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,Li,S.,2013a.Seismic heterogeneity and anisotropy of the southern Kuril arc:insight into megathrust earthquakes.Geophys.J.Int.194,1069-1090.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,Li,S.,2013b.Seismic imaging of the Southwest Japan arc from the Nankai trough to the Japan Sea.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.216,59-73.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,Li,S.,2014.Seismic attenuation tomography of the Northeast Japan arc:insight into the 2011Tohoku earthquake(MW9.0)and subduction dynamics.J.Geophys.Res.119,1094-1118.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,2014.Structural control on the nucleation of megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai subduction zone.Geophys.Res.Lett.41,8288-8293.
Liu,X.,Zhao,D.,2015.Seismic attenuation tomography of the Southwest Japan arc:new insight into subduction dynamics.Geophys.J.Int.201,135-156.
Maruyama,S.,Santosh,M.,Zhao,D.,2007.Superplume,supercontinent,and postperovskite:mantle dynamics and anti-plate tectonics on the core-mantle boundary.Gondwana Res.11,7-37.
Morgan,J.,Hasenclever,J.,Shi,C.,2013.New observational and experimental evidence for a plume-fed asthenosphere boundary layer in mantle convection.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.366,99-111.
Nakajima,J.,Hirose,F.,Hasegawa,A.,2009.Seismotectonics beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area,Japan:effect of slab-slab contact and overlap on seismicity.J.Geophys.Res.114,B08309.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006101.
Obayashi,M.,Yoshimitsu,J.,Nolet,G.,Fukao,Y.,Shiobara,H.,Sugioka,H.,Miyamachi,H.,Gao,Y.,2013.Finite frequency whole mantle P wave tomography:improvement of subducted slab images.Geophys.Res.Lett.40,5652-5657.
Okada,Y.,Kasahara,K.,Hori,S.,Obara,K.,Sekiguchi,S.,Fujiwara,H.,Yamamoto,A.,2004.Recent progress of seismic observation networks in Japan:Hi-net,F-net,K-net and KiK-net.Earth Planets Space 56,15-28.
Paige,C.,Saunders,M.,1982.LSQR:an algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares.ACM Trans.Math.Software 8,43-71.
Press,W.,Teukolsky,S.,Vetterling,W.,Flannery,B.,1992.Numerical Recipes in FORTAN:The Art of Scientific Computing,second ed.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge.
Pozgay,S.,Wiens,D.,Conder,J.,Shiobara,H.,Sugioka,H.,2009.Seismic attenuation tomography of the Mariana subduction system:implications for thermal structure,volatile distribution,and slow spreading dynamics.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.10,Q04X05.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002313.
Qi,C.,Zhao,D.,Chen,Y.,2007.Search for deep slab segments under Alaska.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.165,68-82.
Roth,E.,Wiens,D.,Dorman,L.,Hildebrand,J.,Webb,S.,1999.Seismic attenuation tomography of the Tonga-Fiji region using phase pair me-thods.J.Geophys.Res.104,4795-4809.
Roth,E.,Wiens,D.,Zhao,D.,2000.An empirical relationship between seismic attenuation and velocity anomalies in the upper mantle.Geophys.Res.Lett.27,601-604.
Saito,M.,1988.DISPER80:a subroutine package for the calculation of seismic normal mode solutions.In:Doornbos,D.(Ed.),Seismological Algorithms:Computational Methods and Computer Programs.Academic Press,New York,pp.293-319.
Stachnik,J.,Abers,G.,Christensen,D.,2004.Seismic attenuation and mantle wedge temperatures in the Alaska subduction zone.J.Geophys.Res.109,B10304.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB00 3018.
Syracuse,E.,Maceira,M.,Zhang,H.,Thurber,C.,2015.Seismicity and structure of Akutan and Makushin Volcanoes,Alaska,using joint body and surface wave tomography.J.Geophys.Res.120,1036-1052.
Tian,Y.,Zhao,D.,2012.Seismic anisotropy and heterogeneity in the Alaska subduction zone.Geophys.J.Int.190,629-649.
Tong,P.,Zhao,D.,Yang,D.,2011.Tomography of the 1995 Kobe earthquake area:comparison of finite-frequency and ray approaches.Geophys.J.Int.187,278-302.
Tong,P.,Zhao,D.,Yang,D.,2012.Tomography of the 2011Iwaki earthquake(M7.0)and Fukushima nuclear power plant area.Solid Earth 3,43-51.
VanDecar,J.,Crosson,R.,1990.Determination of teleseismic relative phase arrival times using multi-channel cross-correlation and least squares.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.80,150-169.
Villagómez,D.,Toomey,D.,Geist,D.,Hooft,E.,Solomon,S.,2014.Mantle flow and multistage melting beneath the Galapagos hotspot revealed by seismic imaging.Nat.Geosci.7,151-156.
Wang,J.,Zhao,D.,2012.P-wave anisotropic tomography of the Nankai subduction zone in Southwest Japan.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.13,Q05017.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GC00 4081.
Wang,J.,Zhao,D.,2013.P-wave tomography for 3-D radial and azimuthal anisotropy of Tohoku and Kyushu subduction zones.Geophys.J.Int.193,1166-1181.
Wei,W.,Xu,J.,Zhao,D.,Shi,Y.,2012.East Asia mantle tomography:New insight into plate subduction and intraplate volcanism.J.Asian Earth Sci.60,88-103.
Wei,W.,Zhao,D.,Xu,J.,Wei,F.,Liu,G.,2015.Pand S wave tomography and anisotropy in Northwest Pacific and East Asia:constraints on stagnant slab and intraplate volcanism.J.Geophys.Res.120,1642-1666.
Wessel,P.,Smith,W.,1998.New,improved version of the generic mapping tools released.EOSTrans.Am.Geophys.Union 79,579.
Wiens,D.,Conder,J.,Faul,U.,2008.The seismic structure and dynamics of the mantle wedge.Annu.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.36,421-455.
Xia,S.,Zhao,D.,Qiu,X.,2008.Tomographic evidence for the subducting oceanic crust and forearc mantle serpentinization under Kyushu,Japan.Tectonophysics 449,85-96.
Yang,Y.,Forsyth,D.,2006.Regional tomographic inversion of the amplitude and phase of Rayleigh waves with 2-D sensitivity kernels.Geophys.J.Int.166,1148-1160.
Yoshizawa,K.,Miyake,K.,Yomogida,K.,2010.3Dupper mantle structure beneath Japan and its surrounding region from inter-station dispersion measurements of surface waves.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.183,4-19.
Zhang,H.,Maceira,M.,Roux,P.,Thurber,C.,2014.Joint inversion of body-wave arrival times and surface-wave dispersion for three-dimensional seismic structure around SAFOD.Pure Appl.Geophys.171,3013-3022.
Zhang,Y.,Tanimoto,T.,1993.High-resolution global upper mantle structure and plate tectonics.J.Geophys.Res.98,9793-9823.
Zhao,D.,Hasegawa,A.,Horiuchi,S.,1992.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan.J.Geophys.Res.97,19909-19928.
Zhao,D.,Hasegawa,A.,Kanamori,H.,1994.Deep structure of Japan subduction zone as derived from local,regional,and teleseismic events.J.Geophys.Res.99,22313-22329.
Zhao,D.,Kanamori,H.,Negishi,H.,Wiens,D.,1996.Tomography of the source area of the1995Kobe earthquake:evidence for fluids at the hypocenter?Science 274,1891-1894.
Zhao,D.,Matsuzawa,T.,Hasegawa,A.,1997a.Morphology of the subducting slab boundary in the northeastern Japan arc.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.102,89-104.
Zhao,D.,Xu,Y.,Wiens,D.,Dorman,L.,Hildebrand,J.,Webb,S.,1997b.Depth extent of the Lau back-arc spreading center and its relation to subduction processes.Science 278,254-257.
Zhao,D.,2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.146,3-34.
Zhao,D.,Yanada,T.,Hasegawa,A.,Umino,N.,Wei,W.,2012.Imaging the subducting slabs and mantle upwelling under the Japan Islands.Geophys.J.Int.190,816-828.
Zhao,D.,Yamamoto,Y.,Yanada,T.,2013.Global mantle heterogeneity and its influence on teleseismic regional tomography.Gondwana Res.23,595-616.
Zhao,D.,2015.The 2011Tohoku earthquake(MW9.0)sequence and subduction dynamics in Western Pacific and East Asia.J.Asian Earth Sci.98,26-49.
Zhao,D.,Yu,S.,Liu,X.,2016.Seismic anisotropy tomography:new insight into subduction dynamics.Gondwana Res.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2015.05.008.