潮间带泥沙起动切应力现场测量装置
|
摘要
为了准确获得泥沙起动参数,减小对原状土的扰动,研制了一种潮间带泥沙起动切应力现场测量装置,利用Fluent软件模拟了装置内部流场与底部切应力,确定了在底部产生均匀切应力时的内外筒最佳转速比,建立了转速与底部切应力之间的关系,探讨了装置的最佳转速比受装置尺寸的影响。结果表明,该装置的内圆筒、外圆筒、剪力环三者同向转动时可以产生较大的底部切应力。以内圆筒半径310 mm、外圆筒半径410 mm、工作水深260 mm为例,如不设置剪力环且内外圆筒同向转动,装置最佳转速比为3∶1,此时底部切应力在距离轴心0.33～0.38 m范围内最为均匀;如设置剪力环且内圆筒、外圆筒、剪力环同向转动,装置最佳转速比为3∶1∶3,此时底部切应力在距离轴心0.33～0.40 m范围内最为均匀。底部切应力与外圆筒转速之间符合二次函数关系。
An in situ measurement device for sediment critical shear stress in the intertidal zone was developed to accurately obtain the parameters of sediment incipient motion and to reduce perturbation to the undisturbed soil. The inner flow field and the bed shear stress of the device were simulated using the software Fluent. The optimal speed ratio of the inner cylinder and outer cylinder for the most uniform bed shear stress was put forward. The correlations between the rotating speed and the bed shear stress was established and the influence of the device size on the optimal speed ratio was explored. It is found that higher bed shear stress can be obtained when the inner cylinder, outer cylinder and the shear ring rotate in the same direction. A device with an inner cylinder's radius of 310 mm and an outer cylinder's radius of 410 mm operating in a water depth of 260 mm was taken as an example. When the inner cylinder and outer cylinder rotate in the same direction without a shear ring, the most uniform bed shear stress distributes in the annular area with a distance of 0.33～0.38 m from the axis, and the optimal speed ratio is 3∶1. When the inner cylinder, outer cylinder and the shear ring rotate in the same direction, the most uniform bed shear stress distributes in the annular area with a distance of 0.33～0.40 m from the axis and the optimal speed ratio is 3∶1∶3. There is a quadratic function relation between the bed shear stress and the rotating speed of the outer cylinder.
An in situ measurement device for sediment critical shear stress in the intertidal zone was developed to accurately obtain the parameters of sediment incipient motion and to reduce perturbation to the undisturbed soil. The inner flow field and the bed shear stress of the device were simulated using the software Fluent. The optimal speed ratio of the inner cylinder and outer cylinder for the most uniform bed shear stress was put forward. The correlations between the rotating speed and the bed shear stress was established and the influence of the device size on the optimal speed ratio was explored. It is found that higher bed shear stress can be obtained when the inner cylinder, outer cylinder and the shear ring rotate in the same direction. A device with an inner cylinder's radius of 310 mm and an outer cylinder's radius of 410 mm operating in a water depth of 260 mm was taken as an example. When the inner cylinder and outer cylinder rotate in the same direction without a shear ring, the most uniform bed shear stress distributes in the annular area with a distance of 0.33～0.38 m from the axis, and the optimal speed ratio is 3∶1. When the inner cylinder, outer cylinder and the shear ring rotate in the same direction, the most uniform bed shear stress distributes in the annular area with a distance of 0.33～0.40 m from the axis and the optimal speed ratio is 3∶1∶3. There is a quadratic function relation between the bed shear stress and the rotating speed of the outer cylinder.
引文
[1]孟祥梅,贾永刚,杨忠年,等.现代黄河三角洲潮滩沉积物抗侵蚀性原位试验[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(3):39-45.(MENG Xiangmei,JIA Yonggang,YANG Zhongnian,et al.Field testing of the erodibility of tidal flat sediment in the modern yellow river delta[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2010,30(3):39-45.(in Chinese))
[2]刘杰,程海峰,赵德招.长江口12.5 m深水航道回淤特征[J].水科学进展,2014,25(3):358-365.(LIU Jie,CHENG Haifeng,ZHAO Dezhao.Siltation characteristics of the 12.5 m deepwater navigation channel in Yangtze estuary[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(3):358-365.(in Chinese))
[3]龚政,张长宽,陶建峰,等.淤长型泥质潮滩双凸形剖面形成机制[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):212-219.(GONG Zheng,ZHANG Changkuan,TAO Jianfeng,et al.Mechanisms for the evolution of double-convex cross-shore profile over accretional mudflats[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):212-219.(in Chinese))
[4]马菲,韩其为,赵弟明.黏性细泥沙起动的探讨[J].泥沙研究,2015(1):75-80.(MA Fei,HAN Qiwei,ZHAO Diming.Study on the incipient of cohesive fine sediment[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2015(1):75-80.(in Chinese))
[5]熊绍隆,曾剑,韩海骞.潮汐河口泥沙物理模型若干问题探讨[J].水利水电科技进展,2010,30(1):19-23.(XIONG Shaolong,ZENG Jian,HAN Haiqian.Various problems of sediment physical models of tidal estuaries[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2010,30(1):19-23.(in Chinese))
[6]钱宁.泥沙运动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[7]窦国仁.论泥沙起动流速[J].水利学报,1960(4):46-62.(DOU Guoren.Study on incipient velocity of sediment[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1960(4):46-62.(in Chinese))
[8]唐存本.泥沙起动规律[J].水利学报,1964(2):3-14.(TANG Cunben.Laws of sediment incipient motion[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1964(2):3-14.(in Chinese))
[9]沙玉清.泥沙运动学引论[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[10]杨美卿,王桂玲.黏性细泥沙的临界起动公式[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1995,3(1):99-109.(YANGMeiqing,WANG Guiling.The incipient motion formulas for cohesive fine sediments[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,1995,3(1):99-109.(in Chinese))
[11]张瑞瑾.河流泥沙工程学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1981:49-52.
[12]李华国,袁美琦,张秀芹.淤泥临界起动条件及冲刷率试验研究[J].水道港口,1995(3):20-26.(LIHuaguo,YUAN Meiqi,ZHANG Xiuqin.Study on critical motion and erosion of cohesive sediment[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,1995(3):20-26.(in Chinese))
[13]SUNDBORG A.The River Klaralven:a study of fluvial processes[J].Geografiska Annaler,1956,38(3):238-316.
[14]蒋睢耀,冯学英.环形水槽在泥沙研究中的应用[J].水道港口,1990(1):27-35.(JIANG Juyao,FENGXueying.Application of circulating flume to sediment studies[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,1990(1):27-35.(in Chinese))
[15]BOOIJ R,UIJTTEWAAL W S J.Modelling of the flow in rotating annular flumes[J].Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Experiments,1999,15(4):339-348.
[16]庞启秀,白玉川,杨华,等.淤泥质浅滩泥沙临界起动切应力剖面确定[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):249-255.(PANG Qixiu,BAI Yuchuan,YANG Hua,et al.Critical stress profile for incipient sediment motion on muddy shoals[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(2):249-255.(in Chinese))
[17]GUST G,MORRIS M J.Erosion thresholds and entrainment rates of undisturbed in situ sediments[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1989,5(5):87-99.
[18]TOLHURST T J,BLACK K S,PATERSON D M,et al.A comparison and measurement standardisation of four in situ devices for determining the erosion shear stress of intertidal sediments[J].Continental Shelf Research,2000,20(10):1397-1418.
[19]TURVILLE C M D,PEIRCE Y J,JARMAN R T.An experimental study of silt scouring[J].Ice Proceedings,1970,45(2):231-243.
[20]AMOS C L,GRANT J,DABORN G R,et al.Sea carousel:a benthic,annular flume[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,1992,34(6):557-577.
[21]MAA P Y,WRIGHT L D,LEE C H,et al.Vims sea carousel:a field instrument for studying sediment transport[J].Marine Geology,1993,115(3/4):271-287.
[22]WIDDOWS J,BRINSLEY M D,BOWLEY N,et al.Abenthic annular flume for in situ measurement of suspension feeding/biodeposition rates and erosion potential of intertidal cohesive sediments[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,1998,46(1):27-38.
[23]MOORE W L,MASCH F D.Experiments on the scour resistance of cohesive sediments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2012,67(4):1437-1446.
[24]PATERSON D M.Short-term changes in the erodibility of intertidal cohesive sediments related to the migratory behavior of epipelic diatoms[J].Limnology&Oceanography,1989,34(1):223-234.
[25]LIU X,ZHENG J,ZHANG H,et al.Sediment critical shear stress and geotechnical properties along the modern Yellow River Delta,China[J].Marine Georesources&Geotechnology,2017(10):1-8.
[26]BLACK K,CRAMP A.A device to examine the in situ response of intertidal cohesive sediment deposits to fluid shear[J].Continental Shelf Research,1995,15(15):1945-1954.
[27]WATTS C W,TOLHURST T J,BLACK K S,et al.In situ measurements of erosion shear stress and geotechnical shear strength of the intertidal sediments of the experimental managed realignment scheme at Tollesbury,Essex,UK[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,58(3):611-620.
[28]朱正雷.便携式泥沙起动测量仪器改进与优化研究[D].南京:河海大学,2017.
[29]ANSYS INC.Ansys fluent 14.0 theory guide[M].Canonsburg:ANSYS Inc,2011.
[30]GHARABAGHI B,KRISHNAPPAN B G,RUDRA R P.Flow characteristics in a rotating circular flume[J].Open Civil Engineering Journal,2007,1(1):30-36.
[2]刘杰,程海峰,赵德招.长江口12.5 m深水航道回淤特征[J].水科学进展,2014,25(3):358-365.(LIU Jie,CHENG Haifeng,ZHAO Dezhao.Siltation characteristics of the 12.5 m deepwater navigation channel in Yangtze estuary[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(3):358-365.(in Chinese))
[3]龚政,张长宽,陶建峰,等.淤长型泥质潮滩双凸形剖面形成机制[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):212-219.(GONG Zheng,ZHANG Changkuan,TAO Jianfeng,et al.Mechanisms for the evolution of double-convex cross-shore profile over accretional mudflats[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):212-219.(in Chinese))
[4]马菲,韩其为,赵弟明.黏性细泥沙起动的探讨[J].泥沙研究,2015(1):75-80.(MA Fei,HAN Qiwei,ZHAO Diming.Study on the incipient of cohesive fine sediment[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2015(1):75-80.(in Chinese))
[5]熊绍隆,曾剑,韩海骞.潮汐河口泥沙物理模型若干问题探讨[J].水利水电科技进展,2010,30(1):19-23.(XIONG Shaolong,ZENG Jian,HAN Haiqian.Various problems of sediment physical models of tidal estuaries[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2010,30(1):19-23.(in Chinese))
[6]钱宁.泥沙运动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[7]窦国仁.论泥沙起动流速[J].水利学报,1960(4):46-62.(DOU Guoren.Study on incipient velocity of sediment[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1960(4):46-62.(in Chinese))
[8]唐存本.泥沙起动规律[J].水利学报,1964(2):3-14.(TANG Cunben.Laws of sediment incipient motion[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1964(2):3-14.(in Chinese))
[9]沙玉清.泥沙运动学引论[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[10]杨美卿,王桂玲.黏性细泥沙的临界起动公式[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1995,3(1):99-109.(YANGMeiqing,WANG Guiling.The incipient motion formulas for cohesive fine sediments[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,1995,3(1):99-109.(in Chinese))
[11]张瑞瑾.河流泥沙工程学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1981:49-52.
[12]李华国,袁美琦,张秀芹.淤泥临界起动条件及冲刷率试验研究[J].水道港口,1995(3):20-26.(LIHuaguo,YUAN Meiqi,ZHANG Xiuqin.Study on critical motion and erosion of cohesive sediment[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,1995(3):20-26.(in Chinese))
[13]SUNDBORG A.The River Klaralven:a study of fluvial processes[J].Geografiska Annaler,1956,38(3):238-316.
[14]蒋睢耀,冯学英.环形水槽在泥沙研究中的应用[J].水道港口,1990(1):27-35.(JIANG Juyao,FENGXueying.Application of circulating flume to sediment studies[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,1990(1):27-35.(in Chinese))
[15]BOOIJ R,UIJTTEWAAL W S J.Modelling of the flow in rotating annular flumes[J].Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Experiments,1999,15(4):339-348.
[16]庞启秀,白玉川,杨华,等.淤泥质浅滩泥沙临界起动切应力剖面确定[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):249-255.(PANG Qixiu,BAI Yuchuan,YANG Hua,et al.Critical stress profile for incipient sediment motion on muddy shoals[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(2):249-255.(in Chinese))
[17]GUST G,MORRIS M J.Erosion thresholds and entrainment rates of undisturbed in situ sediments[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1989,5(5):87-99.
[18]TOLHURST T J,BLACK K S,PATERSON D M,et al.A comparison and measurement standardisation of four in situ devices for determining the erosion shear stress of intertidal sediments[J].Continental Shelf Research,2000,20(10):1397-1418.
[19]TURVILLE C M D,PEIRCE Y J,JARMAN R T.An experimental study of silt scouring[J].Ice Proceedings,1970,45(2):231-243.
[20]AMOS C L,GRANT J,DABORN G R,et al.Sea carousel:a benthic,annular flume[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,1992,34(6):557-577.
[21]MAA P Y,WRIGHT L D,LEE C H,et al.Vims sea carousel:a field instrument for studying sediment transport[J].Marine Geology,1993,115(3/4):271-287.
[22]WIDDOWS J,BRINSLEY M D,BOWLEY N,et al.Abenthic annular flume for in situ measurement of suspension feeding/biodeposition rates and erosion potential of intertidal cohesive sediments[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,1998,46(1):27-38.
[23]MOORE W L,MASCH F D.Experiments on the scour resistance of cohesive sediments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2012,67(4):1437-1446.
[24]PATERSON D M.Short-term changes in the erodibility of intertidal cohesive sediments related to the migratory behavior of epipelic diatoms[J].Limnology&Oceanography,1989,34(1):223-234.
[25]LIU X,ZHENG J,ZHANG H,et al.Sediment critical shear stress and geotechnical properties along the modern Yellow River Delta,China[J].Marine Georesources&Geotechnology,2017(10):1-8.
[26]BLACK K,CRAMP A.A device to examine the in situ response of intertidal cohesive sediment deposits to fluid shear[J].Continental Shelf Research,1995,15(15):1945-1954.
[27]WATTS C W,TOLHURST T J,BLACK K S,et al.In situ measurements of erosion shear stress and geotechnical shear strength of the intertidal sediments of the experimental managed realignment scheme at Tollesbury,Essex,UK[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,58(3):611-620.
[28]朱正雷.便携式泥沙起动测量仪器改进与优化研究[D].南京:河海大学,2017.
[29]ANSYS INC.Ansys fluent 14.0 theory guide[M].Canonsburg:ANSYS Inc,2011.
[30]GHARABAGHI B,KRISHNAPPAN B G,RUDRA R P.Flow characteristics in a rotating circular flume[J].Open Civil Engineering Journal,2007,1(1):30-36.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |