京津石MAS终端空域航空流动态分析及其应用展望
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摘要
随着航空市场合作领域不断拓宽,多机场系统(MAS)终端空域航空流动态研究已成为关键基础性科学问题。该文以京津石3°×3°经纬度范围内4个机场终端空域2 h航空流实时数据为研究对象,构建小粒度滑动窗口方法,生成热区图、时序图和流向图,分析京津石MAS终端空域航空流动态特征。研究发现:在大型枢纽机场附近流量集聚并受多机场汇流的影响形成条带分布;航班时刻资源配置与机场空域容量所决定的流时分布具有集中/波动分异特征;在航线网络作用下,流向分布以大型枢纽机场为中心向外辐射并在多机场共同作用下发生变形。流量、流时与流向的时空聚类及其在新空域结构组织中的应用,体现出空域灵活使用的效果,与以往平衡空域流量、平衡时刻资源等有极大不同。MAS终端空域航空流动态特征的识别结果可用于多机场空域资源统一调控,以实现协同运行下的全容量效益。
With the continuous expansion of the aviation market cooperation,the dynamic analysis of air passenger flow in multi-airport system(MAS) terminal airspace has become a key basic scientific topic.In this paper,the real-time data of 2 h air passenger flow in the terminal airspace of four airports within the 3° latitude by 3° longitude range of Jing-Jin-Shi was taken as the research object,and a fine-granularity sliding window method was adopted to generate flow heat map,sequence map and flow direction map.Then all these maps were used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the Jing-Jin-Shi MAS terminal airspace.The findings are as follows.The flow distribution presents a clustering feature near the large-hub airport and a strip feature due to a multi-airport confluence.The flow time presents a feature of concentration/fluctuation differentiation determined by flight schedule and airport airspace capacity.By the influence of airline network,the flow direction presents a radiation feature centered on the large-hub airport and a deformation feature caused by the interaction of multiple airports.Temporal and spatial clustering based on flow,flow time and flow direction can be expected to be applied to the organization of new airspace structures,which reflects the effect of flexible use of airspace.This is very different from the previous balanced airspace flow and balanced time resource.In addition,the dynamic characteristics identified for the MAS terminal airspace can be applied to the unified regulation of multi-airport airspace and full capacity benefits under coordinated operation can be achieved.
With the continuous expansion of the aviation market cooperation,the dynamic analysis of air passenger flow in multi-airport system(MAS) terminal airspace has become a key basic scientific topic.In this paper,the real-time data of 2 h air passenger flow in the terminal airspace of four airports within the 3° latitude by 3° longitude range of Jing-Jin-Shi was taken as the research object,and a fine-granularity sliding window method was adopted to generate flow heat map,sequence map and flow direction map.Then all these maps were used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the Jing-Jin-Shi MAS terminal airspace.The findings are as follows.The flow distribution presents a clustering feature near the large-hub airport and a strip feature due to a multi-airport confluence.The flow time presents a feature of concentration/fluctuation differentiation determined by flight schedule and airport airspace capacity.By the influence of airline network,the flow direction presents a radiation feature centered on the large-hub airport and a deformation feature caused by the interaction of multiple airports.Temporal and spatial clustering based on flow,flow time and flow direction can be expected to be applied to the organization of new airspace structures,which reflects the effect of flexible use of airspace.This is very different from the previous balanced airspace flow and balanced time resource.In addition,the dynamic characteristics identified for the MAS terminal airspace can be applied to the unified regulation of multi-airport airspace and full capacity benefits under coordinated operation can be achieved.
引文
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[31] 董雅晴,路紫,刘媛,等.中国空中廊道划设与时空拥堵识别及其航线流量影响[J].地理学报,2018,73(10):2001-2013.
[32] 杜欣儒,路紫.信息通信技术在空域协同管理决策中的应用——以危险天气条件下风险规避分析为例[J].地球科学进展,2016,31(3):269-276.
[33] SIDIROPOULOS S,HAN K,MAJUMDAR A,et al.Robust identification of air traffic flow patterns in Metroplex terminal areas under demand uncertainty[J].Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies,2017,75(2):212-227.
[34] SIDIROPOULOS S,MAJUMDAR A,HAN K,et al.A framework for the classification and prioritization of arrival and departure routes in multi-airport systems terminal manoeuvring areas[A].15th AIAA Aviation Technology,Integration,and Operations Conference[C].2015.1-26.
[35] ANDRIENKO G,ANDRIENKO N,FUCHS G,et al.Clustering trajectories by relevant parts for air traffic analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics,2018,24(1):34-44.
[36] YOUSEFI A,ZADEH A N.Dynamic allocation and benefit assessment of NextGen flow corridors[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2013,33(8):297-310.
[37] 姜雨,张洪海,夏洪山.多机场网络系统流量分配策略[J].系统工程理论与实践,2011,31(2):379-384.
[38] 胡明华,朱晶波,田勇.多元受限的航班时刻优化模型与方法研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2003,35(3):326-332.
[2] YOON Y,HANSEN M,BALL M O.Optimal route decision with a geometric ground-airborne hybrid model under weather uncertainty[J].Transportation Research Part E,2012,48(1):34-49.
[3] 刘方勤,胡明华,张颖.基于航路耦合容量的协同多航路资源分配[J].航空学报,2011,32(4):672-684.
[4] MUR?A M C R,DELAURA R,HANSMAN R J,et al.Trajectory clustering and classification for characterization of air traffic flows[A].16th AIAA Aviation Technology,Integration,and Operations Conference[C].2016.1-15.
[5] TANG J,ALAM S,LOKAN C,et al.A multi-objective approach for dynamic airspace sectorization using agent based and geometric models[J].Transportation Research Part C,2012,21(1):89-121.
[6] MANATAKI I E,ZOGRAFOS K G.Assessing airport terminal performance using a system dynamics model[J].Journal of Air Transport Management,2010,16(2):86-93.
[7] LI M Z,RYERSON M S.A data-driven approach to modeling high-density terminal areas:a scenario analysis of the new Beijing,China airspace[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2017,30(2):538-553.
[8] 高自娟,朱玉全,陈耿.基于变尺度滑动窗口的流数据聚类算法[J].计算机应用研究,2011,28(2):551-553.
[9] 张军峰,王菲,葛腾腾.基于分支定界法的进场航空器动态排序与调度[J].系统仿真学报,2016,28(8):1909-1914.
[10] 郑旭芳,王超.终端区空中交通流到达模式识别[J].航空计算技术,2015,45(3):67-71.
[11] 刘凯,龙毅,秦耀辰.时间粒度对地理事件线性时间拓扑关系影响研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(3):1-5.
[12] 王宏勇,郭建星.空间运动对象与时空数据类型研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(5):1-5.
[13] 莫辉辉,王姣娥,黄洁.中国枢纽机场网络体系演变格局[J].热带地理,2018,38(5):599-605.
[14] CHANG Y H,SOLAK S,CLARKE J P B,et al.Models for single-sector stochastic air traffic flow management under reduced airspace capacity[J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,2016,67(1):54-67.
[15] CIVIL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OF CHINA.Statistical bulletin of civil aviation industry development in 2016 Application[EB/OL].http://www.caac.gov.cn/en/HYYJ/NDBG/201706/t20170602_44456.html.2017-06-02.
[16] CIVIL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OF CHINA.Airport construction and management[EB/OL].http:// www.caac.gov.cn/en/HYYJ/NDBG/201602/t20160216_28394.html.2017-10-02.
[17] KIM A,HANSEN M.Some insights into a sequential resource allocation mechanism for enroute air traffic management[J].Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2015,79(9):1-15.
[18] SIDIROPOULOS S,MAJUMDAR A,HAN K.A framework for the optimization of terminal airspace operations in multi-airport systems[J].Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2018,110(4):160-187.
[19] PRANDINI M,PUTTA V,HU J.A probabilistic measure of air traffic complexity in 3-D airspace[J].International Journal of Adaptive Control & Signal Processing,2010,24(10):813-829.
[20] SALAUN E,GARIEL M,VELA A E,et al.Aircraft proximity maps based on data-driven flow modeling[J].Journal of Guidance Control & Dynamics,2011,35(2):563-577.
[21] SONG L,WANKE C,GREENBAUM D.Predicting sector capacity for TFM decision support[A].6th AIAA Aviation Technology,Integration and Operations Conference[C].2006.1-10.
[22] 陈志杰.空域管理理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[23] KOPARDEKAR P,BILIMORIA K,SRIDHAR B.Initial concepts for dynamic airspace configuration[A].7th AIAA Aviation Technology,Integration and Operations Conference (ATIO)[C].2007.1-12.
[24] 路紫,杜欣儒.国外空域资源开发利用的理论基础、方法论变革与实践[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(11):1260-1267.
[25] 王姣娥,金凤君,孙炜,等.中国机场体系的空间格局及其服务水平[J].地理学报,2006,61(8):829-838.
[26] DAN W B,SONG Y H.Flight time and frequency-optimization model for multiairport system operation[J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2017(4):1-10.
[27] 王伟,王成金.枢纽机场航班时刻资源配置的时空网络模式——以北京首都国际机场为例[J].地理学报,2013,68(6):762-774.
[28] ENEA G,PORRETTA M.A comparison of 4D-trajectory operations envisioned for nextgen and SESAR,some preliminary findings[A].28th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences[C].2012.23-28.
[29] RUIZ S,PIERA M A,NOSEDAL J,et al.Strategic de-confliction in the presence of a large number of 4D trajectories using a causal modeling approach[J].Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies,2014,39(2):129-147.
[30] JIMENEZ H,MAVRIS D.Quantitative characterization of operational-environmental performance for terminal areas[J].Rivista Di Biologia,2009,55(5):327-332.
[31] 董雅晴,路紫,刘媛,等.中国空中廊道划设与时空拥堵识别及其航线流量影响[J].地理学报,2018,73(10):2001-2013.
[32] 杜欣儒,路紫.信息通信技术在空域协同管理决策中的应用——以危险天气条件下风险规避分析为例[J].地球科学进展,2016,31(3):269-276.
[33] SIDIROPOULOS S,HAN K,MAJUMDAR A,et al.Robust identification of air traffic flow patterns in Metroplex terminal areas under demand uncertainty[J].Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies,2017,75(2):212-227.
[34] SIDIROPOULOS S,MAJUMDAR A,HAN K,et al.A framework for the classification and prioritization of arrival and departure routes in multi-airport systems terminal manoeuvring areas[A].15th AIAA Aviation Technology,Integration,and Operations Conference[C].2015.1-26.
[35] ANDRIENKO G,ANDRIENKO N,FUCHS G,et al.Clustering trajectories by relevant parts for air traffic analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics,2018,24(1):34-44.
[36] YOUSEFI A,ZADEH A N.Dynamic allocation and benefit assessment of NextGen flow corridors[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2013,33(8):297-310.
[37] 姜雨,张洪海,夏洪山.多机场网络系统流量分配策略[J].系统工程理论与实践,2011,31(2):379-384.
[38] 胡明华,朱晶波,田勇.多元受限的航班时刻优化模型与方法研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2003,35(3):326-332.