纳米材料的环境毒理学研究进展
摘要
纳米科学与信息科学和生命科学并列成为21世纪的三大支柱科学领域。随着纳米材料的迅速发展和广泛运用,纳米材料的安全性问题正引起世界范围的关注。由于独特的物理化学性质,纳米尺度及纳米结构的材料可以通过多种途径进入自然环境,引起生物体的毒性效应,对人体健康以及环境将带来潜在影响。综述了纳米材料的特点、排放的途径及可能发生的环境行为,并对几种纳米材料的环境毒理学研究结果进行了阐述,展望了该领域今后的发展方向和亟待研究的重要问题。
Nanoscience,information science and life science are the three pillar fields of science in the 21 stcentury.With the rapid development and wide application of nanomaterials,the safety of nanomaterials is attracting worldwide attention. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials,nanoscale and nanostructured materials can enter the natural environment through a variety of ways,causing toxic effects of organisms and potential effects on human health and the environment. In this paper,the characteristics,emission pathways and possible environmental behaviors of nanomaterials are reviewed. The research results of environmental toxicology of several nanomaterials are described. Finally,the future development direction and important issues to be studied in this new field are prospected.
Nanoscience,information science and life science are the three pillar fields of science in the 21 stcentury.With the rapid development and wide application of nanomaterials,the safety of nanomaterials is attracting worldwide attention. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials,nanoscale and nanostructured materials can enter the natural environment through a variety of ways,causing toxic effects of organisms and potential effects on human health and the environment. In this paper,the characteristics,emission pathways and possible environmental behaviors of nanomaterials are reviewed. The research results of environmental toxicology of several nanomaterials are described. Finally,the future development direction and important issues to be studied in this new field are prospected.
引文
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[2]陶核,兰志仙,吴南翔.纳米材料对水生生物毒性效应及其机制的研究进展[J].环境与职业医学,2014,31(8):634-638.
[3]李大鹏,崔福义,杨晓南,等.纳米Ti O2对污水生物脱氮除磷的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2014,46(4):157-162.
[4]Masciangioli T,Zhang W X. Environmental technologies at the nanoscale.[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(5):102A.
[5]Service R F. American Chemical Society meeting:Nanomaterials show signs of toxicity[J]. Science,2003,300(5617):243.
[6]Maynard A D,Aitken R J,Butz T,et al. Safe handling of nanotechnology[J]. Nature,2006,444(7117):267.
[7]汪冰,丰伟悦,赵宇亮,等.纳米材料生物效应及其毒理学研究进展[J].中国科学,2005,35(1):1-10.
[8]杨林,许恒毅,杨孟,等.人工纳米材料对水生生物毒性的研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(4):902-909.
[9]董芳,李芳芳,祁晓霞,等.环境毒理学研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(1):9-17.
[10]辛元元.纳米二氧化钛的水生生物毒理效应研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2012.
[11]朱晓云.纳米生物技术安全的伦理审视[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.
[12]王金权,王子谦,许艳梅,等.纳米材料潜在危害与防范措施[J].污染防治技术,2013,26(6):5-9.
[13]杨运梁,胡和平.纳米材料的环境毒理学研究进展[J].广东化工,2010,37(5):171-173.
[14]何涛.纳米材料的环境毒理学研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(11):45-48.
[15]侯俊,次瀚林,吕博文,等.典型人工纳米材料的水环境行为研究进展[J].水资源保护,2017,33(6):1-8,19.
[16]林道辉,冀静,田小利,等.纳米材料的环境行为与生物毒性[J].科学通报,2009,54(23):3590-3604.
[17]胡婷,赵英新.纳米材料的环境毒理学研究进展[J].广东化工,2013,40(8):81-82.
[18]Lam C W,James JT,Mc Cluskey R,et al。Pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes in mice 7 and90 days after intratracheal instillation[J]. Toxicol Sci,2004,77(1):126-134.
[19]Afaq F,Abidi P,Matin R,et al.Cytotoxicity pro-oxidant effects and antioxidant depletion in rat lung alveolar macrophages ex-posed to ultra fine titanium dioxide[J].Appl Toxicol,1998,18:307-312.
[20]Kloepfer J A,Mielke R E,Nadeau J L. Uptake of CdSe and CdSe/Zn S quantum dots into bacteria via purinedependent mechanisms[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol,2005,71:2548-2557.
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