基于GIS的白马红格矿区地质环境承载力研究
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摘要
为有效应对四川省白马红格矿区存在的过度开采与无序开采行为,针对常规方法难以对矿山地质环境承载力进行量化分析的不足,根据矿区特殊的自然环境特征,选取了自然地理、社会经济、矿山开发、矿山环境、基础地质5个要素层共14个指标构建了矿区地质环境承载力评价指标体系,采用定性与定量相结合的综合评价法-层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)进行了矿区地质环境承载力评价。研究表明:矿区承载力存在明显的高低分布和空间发展规律,根据承载力高低可将矿区划分为优等区、中等区、差等区,绘制了矿区地质环境承载力分布图,并对各区的空间分布特征进行了分析,认为白马红格矿区承载力整体较低,中等区与差等区面积总和为615.73 km~2,占矿区总面积的28%,差等区面积达到79.25 km~2,占矿区总面积的3.6%,研究结果实现了对矿区地质环境承载力定性与定量的综合评价,可有效反映矿区地质环境承载力状况。在上述分析的基础上,针对矿区承载力差等区,提出了优化矿区周边环境、开展生态修复工程、建设绿色矿山等措施,对于提升整个矿区的地质环境承载力、实现矿区可持续发展、遏制矿区存在的不合理开采行为有一定的参考价值。
In order to effectively deal with the unreasonable mining activities such as over-exploitation and disorderly mining in Baimahongge mining area in Sichuan Province,aiming at the insufficiency of the conventional methods that are difficult to carry on the quantification analysis of the mine geological environmental bearing capacity,combined with the special natural environment characteristics of the mining area,14 indexes including physical geography,social economy,mine development,mine environment and basic geology are selected.The evaluation index system of geological environmental bearing capacity of the mining area is established,and the comprehensive evaluation method-analytic hierarchy process(AHP)that combines qualitative and quantitative methods evaluation ideas is used to evaluate the geological environmental bearing capacity of the mining area.The study results show that high-low distribution and spatial development regularities of the mining area are obvious,according to the bearing capacity,the mining area can be divided into excellent,medium and poor areas.The distribution map of the bearing capacity of the geological environment of the mining area is drawn,and the spatial distribution characteristics of each area are analyzed.It is concluded that the bearing capacity of Baimahongge mining area is low as a whole,and the total area of medium and poor areas is 615.73 km~2,accounting for 28% of the total area of the mining area,and the area of the poor area is 79.25 km~2,accounting for 3.6% of the total area of the mining area.The study results have realized the comprehensive evaluation of the bearing capacity of the geological environment of the mining area qualitatively and quantitatively,which can reflect the bearing capacity of the geological environment of the mining area more truly and effectively.Based on the above discussion results,in view of the poor bearing capacity of the mining area,some countermeasures are put forward,such as optimizing the surrounding environment of the mining area,implementing the construction of ecological rehabilitation projects and building green mines,which are of certain reference value for enhancing the bearing capacity of the geological environment of the whole mining area,realizing the sustainable development of the mining area and curbing unseasonable mining activities of the mining area.
In order to effectively deal with the unreasonable mining activities such as over-exploitation and disorderly mining in Baimahongge mining area in Sichuan Province,aiming at the insufficiency of the conventional methods that are difficult to carry on the quantification analysis of the mine geological environmental bearing capacity,combined with the special natural environment characteristics of the mining area,14 indexes including physical geography,social economy,mine development,mine environment and basic geology are selected.The evaluation index system of geological environmental bearing capacity of the mining area is established,and the comprehensive evaluation method-analytic hierarchy process(AHP)that combines qualitative and quantitative methods evaluation ideas is used to evaluate the geological environmental bearing capacity of the mining area.The study results show that high-low distribution and spatial development regularities of the mining area are obvious,according to the bearing capacity,the mining area can be divided into excellent,medium and poor areas.The distribution map of the bearing capacity of the geological environment of the mining area is drawn,and the spatial distribution characteristics of each area are analyzed.It is concluded that the bearing capacity of Baimahongge mining area is low as a whole,and the total area of medium and poor areas is 615.73 km~2,accounting for 28% of the total area of the mining area,and the area of the poor area is 79.25 km~2,accounting for 3.6% of the total area of the mining area.The study results have realized the comprehensive evaluation of the bearing capacity of the geological environment of the mining area qualitatively and quantitatively,which can reflect the bearing capacity of the geological environment of the mining area more truly and effectively.Based on the above discussion results,in view of the poor bearing capacity of the mining area,some countermeasures are put forward,such as optimizing the surrounding environment of the mining area,implementing the construction of ecological rehabilitation projects and building green mines,which are of certain reference value for enhancing the bearing capacity of the geological environment of the whole mining area,realizing the sustainable development of the mining area and curbing unseasonable mining activities of the mining area.
引文
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[14]李念春.黄河三角洲高效生态经济区地质环境承载力评价研究[J].上海国土资源,2016,37(1):77-81.Li Nianchun.The geological environment carrying capacity study of Yellow River Delta high-efficiency ecological economic zone[J].Shanghai Land and Resources,2016,37(1):77-81.
[15]杨乐,彭海游,周莫林,等.基于层次分析法的奉节县城地质环境承载力评价[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2014,33(2):95-99.Yang Le,Peng Haiyou,Zhou Molin,et al.Assessment of geological environment carrying capacity of Fengjie County based on AHP[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition,2014,33(2):95-99.
[16]王奎峰,李娜.基于AHP和GIS耦合模型的山东半岛地质环境承载力评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(S1):224-227.Wang Kuifeng,Li Na.Evaluation of geo-environmental carrying capacity in Shandong Peninsula based on AHP and GIS coupling Mode[lJ].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(S1):224-227.
[17]黄秋香.矿区资源环境承载力评价指标体系及评价方法[J].矿业研究与开发,2009,29(1):62-64.Huang Qiuxiang.Assessment method and indexes system of resources and environment carrying capacity in mining areas[J].Mining Research and Development,2009,29(1):62-64.
[18]夏玉成.煤矿区地质环境承载能力及其评价指标体系研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003(1):5-8.Xia Yucheng.Bearing capacity of geological environment in coalmining area and its assessment index system[J].Coal Geology& Exploration,2003(1):5-8.
[]王奎峰,韩祥银,张太平山东半岛地质环境承载力评价指标体系构建及应用研究[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(9):29-33.Wang Kuifeng,Han Xiangyin,Zhang Taiping.The construction and application of the index system of geo-environmental carrying capacity in Shandong Peninsula[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2015,37(9):29-33.
[20]张玉臻,刘树明,孔祥斌,等.基于监测单元划分方法的耕地质量监测效率研究--以内蒙古自治区开鲁县为例[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(9):154-163.Zhang Yuzhen,Liu Shuming,Kong Xiangbin,et al.Monitoring efficient study of arable land quality based on the monitoring unit division method:a case study of Kailu County in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(9):154-163.
[21]李荣彪,洪汉烈,强泰,等.喀斯特生态环境敏感性评价指标分级方法研究--以都匀市土地利用类型为例[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):87-93.Li Rongbiao,Hong Hanlie,Qiang Tai,et al.Grading method for the evaluation index on the karst eco-environmental sensitivity:a case study under the land-use style in Duyun City[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(1):87-93.
[2]补建伟,孙自永,周爱国,等.矿山地质环境承载力评价的若干问题[J].金属矿山,2015(6):158-163.Bu Jianwei,Sun Ziyong,Zhou Aiguo,et al.Several issues of the carrying capacity evaluation of mine geo-environmen[tJ].Metal Mine,2015(6):158-163.
[3]任光远,薛忠歧.基于GIS技术的生态地质环境承载力研究--以宁夏沿黄经济区为例[J].城市地质,2014,9(2):39-42.Ren Guangyuan,Xue Zhongqi.Evaluation of eco-geological environment carrying capacity based on GIS analysis:a case of economic zone along the Yellow River in Ningxia[J].Urban Geology,2014,9(2):39-42.
[4]关英斌,许道军,郭婵妤.邯郸矿区矿山地质环境承载力评价[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2012,31(4):474-478.Guan Yingbin,Xu Daojun,Guo Chanyu.Evaluation on the carrying capacity of coal mining geo-environment in Handan mining area[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Natural Science Edition,2012,31(4):474-478.
[5]孙金辉,谢忠胜,陈欢,等.基于层次分析法的北川县环境地质承载力评价[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(4):125-128.Sun Jinhui,Xie Zhongsheng,Chen Huan,et al.Assessment of geological environment carrying capacity of Beichuan County based on AHP[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,38(4):125-128.
[6]石璞.基于GIS的吉林市采矿用地复垦适宜性评价[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.Shi Pu.Suitability Evaluation on Land Reclamation of Mining Areas in Jilin City Based on GIS[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.
[7]何云玲,刘雪莲,杨焰,等.县域资源环境承载力评价研究[J].生态经济,2017,33(1):124-128.He Yunling,Liu Xuelian,Yang Yan,et al.Evaluation of regional carrying capacity of resource and environment in county scale[J].Ecological Economy,2017,33(1):124-128.
[8]毛汉英,余丹林.区域承载力定量研究方法探讨[J].地球科学进展,2001(4):549-555.Mao Hanying,Yu Danlin.A study on the quantitative research of regional carrying capacity[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2001(4):549-555.
[9]熊建新,陈端吕,谢雪梅.基于状态空间法的洞庭湖区生态承载力综合评价研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(11):138-142.Xiong Jianxin,Chen Duanlyu,Xie Xuemei.Comprehensive evaluation on ecological carrying capacity based on state-space techniques in Dongting lake region[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(11):138-142.
[10]刘梦,周爱国,补建伟,等.黑河源多金属矿区地质环境承载力评价[J].中国矿业,2018,27(9):114-120.Liu Meng,Zhou Aiguo,Bu Jianwei,et al.Geo-environmental carrying capacity assessment of polymetallic mining area in the headwater regions of Heihe River[J].China Mining Magazine,2018,27(9):114-120.
[11]张勇.基于RS和GIS技术的矿山地质环境承载力研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013.Zhang Yong.RS and GIS-based Research of Carrying Capacity of Mine Geo-environment[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2013.
[12]闫旭骞,徐俊艳.矿区资源环境承载力评价方法研究[J].金属矿山,2005(6):56-59.Yan Xuqian,Xu Junyan.Assessment method and index system of resources and environment carrying capacity in mining areas[J].Metal Mine,2005(6):56-59.
[13]隋建红,郝启勇.山东省黄河北煤炭矿区地质环境承载力评价[J].山东国土资源,2017,33(4):34-40.Sui Jianhong,Hao Qiyong.Evaluation on the carrying capacity of geological environment in the north of Yellow River coal mining area in Shandong Province[J].Shandong Land and Resources,2017,33(4):34-40.
[14]李念春.黄河三角洲高效生态经济区地质环境承载力评价研究[J].上海国土资源,2016,37(1):77-81.Li Nianchun.The geological environment carrying capacity study of Yellow River Delta high-efficiency ecological economic zone[J].Shanghai Land and Resources,2016,37(1):77-81.
[15]杨乐,彭海游,周莫林,等.基于层次分析法的奉节县城地质环境承载力评价[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2014,33(2):95-99.Yang Le,Peng Haiyou,Zhou Molin,et al.Assessment of geological environment carrying capacity of Fengjie County based on AHP[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition,2014,33(2):95-99.
[16]王奎峰,李娜.基于AHP和GIS耦合模型的山东半岛地质环境承载力评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(S1):224-227.Wang Kuifeng,Li Na.Evaluation of geo-environmental carrying capacity in Shandong Peninsula based on AHP and GIS coupling Mode[lJ].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(S1):224-227.
[17]黄秋香.矿区资源环境承载力评价指标体系及评价方法[J].矿业研究与开发,2009,29(1):62-64.Huang Qiuxiang.Assessment method and indexes system of resources and environment carrying capacity in mining areas[J].Mining Research and Development,2009,29(1):62-64.
[18]夏玉成.煤矿区地质环境承载能力及其评价指标体系研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003(1):5-8.Xia Yucheng.Bearing capacity of geological environment in coalmining area and its assessment index system[J].Coal Geology& Exploration,2003(1):5-8.
[]王奎峰,韩祥银,张太平山东半岛地质环境承载力评价指标体系构建及应用研究[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(9):29-33.Wang Kuifeng,Han Xiangyin,Zhang Taiping.The construction and application of the index system of geo-environmental carrying capacity in Shandong Peninsula[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2015,37(9):29-33.
[20]张玉臻,刘树明,孔祥斌,等.基于监测单元划分方法的耕地质量监测效率研究--以内蒙古自治区开鲁县为例[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(9):154-163.Zhang Yuzhen,Liu Shuming,Kong Xiangbin,et al.Monitoring efficient study of arable land quality based on the monitoring unit division method:a case study of Kailu County in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(9):154-163.
[21]李荣彪,洪汉烈,强泰,等.喀斯特生态环境敏感性评价指标分级方法研究--以都匀市土地利用类型为例[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):87-93.Li Rongbiao,Hong Hanlie,Qiang Tai,et al.Grading method for the evaluation index on the karst eco-environmental sensitivity:a case study under the land-use style in Duyun City[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(1):87-93.
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