水稻施肥参数的相关性分析
|
摘要
基于2005—2015年我国18个省、自治区和直辖市测土配方施肥工作143个水稻"3414肥料田间试验"期刊论文数据,对气象条件、最佳产量和最佳施肥量三种施肥参数的关系进行了分析。结果表明:单因素和多因素分析均表明水稻最佳产量、最佳施氮量随着温度和降水量增加而降低,呈现北高南低空间分布格局;水稻最佳施磷量无空间规律性;单因素分析表明水稻最佳施钾量存在北低南高空间分布格局;单因素和多因素分析均表明氮和磷、磷和钾具有交互作用;多因素分析表明磷同时与氮、钾具有交互性。研究表明,不同地区水稻氮、磷和钾平均最佳施肥量为180、90、90 kg·hm-2,应根据土壤性质、种植密度和管理措施等进行适当微调,在实际生产过程中,氮和磷需要配施,磷和钾需要配施,在施用磷时需要同时配施氮、钾。
In this study, based on the data from the periodicals on "3414 Fertilizer Field Experiments" related to 143 soil tests and fertilizer recommendation projects conducted during 2005—2015 in 18 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, the relationship between meteorological conditions, optimal yield, and optimal fertilizer parameters was analyzed. The single factor and multifactor analyses revealed that both the optimal production and optimal N amount of rice decreased with the increase in temperature and precipitation, thus following the law of north high and south low pattern. Furthermore, a spatial pattern of the optimal P amount in rice did not exist. The single factor analysis revealed that the optimal K amount in rice followed the law of north low and south high pattern; The single factor and multifactor analyses revealed the interactions between N and P, and P and K. In addition, the multifactor analysis showed that P simultaneously interacts with N and K. The main conclusions were as follows: The average optimum fertilization amounts of N, P, and K for rice in different regions were 180, 90 kg hm-2 and 90 kg hm-2, respectively, which must be varied on the basis of soil properties, planting density, and management measures. In the actual production process, each N and P, P and K must be combined; simultaneously, N and K must be applied when P is applied.
In this study, based on the data from the periodicals on "3414 Fertilizer Field Experiments" related to 143 soil tests and fertilizer recommendation projects conducted during 2005—2015 in 18 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, the relationship between meteorological conditions, optimal yield, and optimal fertilizer parameters was analyzed. The single factor and multifactor analyses revealed that both the optimal production and optimal N amount of rice decreased with the increase in temperature and precipitation, thus following the law of north high and south low pattern. Furthermore, a spatial pattern of the optimal P amount in rice did not exist. The single factor analysis revealed that the optimal K amount in rice followed the law of north low and south high pattern; The single factor and multifactor analyses revealed the interactions between N and P, and P and K. In addition, the multifactor analysis showed that P simultaneously interacts with N and K. The main conclusions were as follows: The average optimum fertilization amounts of N, P, and K for rice in different regions were 180, 90 kg hm-2 and 90 kg hm-2, respectively, which must be varied on the basis of soil properties, planting density, and management measures. In the actual production process, each N and P, P and K must be combined; simultaneously, N and K must be applied when P is applied.
引文
[1]李娟，章明清，章赞德，等.三元非结构肥效模型提高水稻施肥推荐的可靠性[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2019,25(2):311-320.LI Juan,ZHANG Ming-qing,ZHANG Zan-de,et al.Increasing precision of fertilizer recommendation using ternary non-structural fertilizer response model[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2019,25(2):311-320.
[2]侯彦林，陈守伦.施肥模型研究综述[J].土壤通报，2004,35(4):560-564.HOU Yan-lin,CHEN Shou-lun.Summarization of fertilization model research[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(4):560-564.
[3]侯彦林.生态平衡施肥理论、方法及其应用[M].北京：中国农业出版社，2014:38-39,77.HOU Yan-lin.Theory,method and application of ecological balanced fertilization[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2014:38-39,77.
[4]Morala F J,Rebollob F J,Serranoc J M.Estimating and mapping pasture soil fertility in a portuguese montado based on a objective model and geostatistical techniques[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2019,157:500-508.
[5]Ren Y,Chen J Y,Chen L K,et al.Research and implementation of a universal workflow model to evaluate the soil fertility based on OGCWeb Service[J].Geo-spatial Information Science,2018,21(4):346-357.
[6]Rinaldi M,Scalcione E,Perniola M,et al.Soil tillage and residues management in wheat continuous cropping in southern Italy:A model application for agronomic and soil fertility assessment[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2017,140:77-87.
[7]王萍，李秀芬，杨晓强，等.生长季降水对黑龙江省水稻生产的影响[J].中国农学通报，2019,35(6):62-69.WANG Ping,LI Xiu-fen,YANG Xiao-qiang,et al.Growing season precipitation affects rice production in Heilongjiang Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2019,35(6):62-69.
[8]郭建茂,王阳阳,李淑婷,等.台站气温推算稻田温度及其对水稻高温热害的评判[J].自然灾害学报，2018,27(3):162-171.GUO Jian-mao,WANG Yang-yang,LI Shu-ting,et al.Calculation of rice field temperature based on station temperature and its evaluation on heat injury of rice[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2018,27(3):162-171.
[9]刘玥.吉首市降水与日照对水稻产量的影响分析[J].农业开发与装备，2017(8):46,72.LIU Yue.Impact of rainfall and sunshine on rice yield in Jishou City[J].Agricultural Development and Equipment,2017(8):46,72.
[10]黄颖博，汤文光，肖小平，等.稻田不同种植模式对土壤养分表观平衡和氮素生产效率的影响[J].应用生态学报，2019,30(4):1119-1126.HUANG Ying-bo,TANG Wen-guang,XIAO Xiao-ping,et al.Effects of different planting patterns on the apparent balance of soil nutrients and nitrogen production efficiency in paddy soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2019,30(4):1119-1126.
[11]胡雨彤，郝明德，付威，等.不同降水年型和施磷水平对小麦产量的效应[J].中国农业科学，2017,50(2):299-309.HU Yu-tong,HAO Ming-de,FU Wei,et al.Effect of precipitation patterns and different phosphorus nutrition levels on winter wheat yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(2):299-309.
[12]孙洪仁，张吉萍，冮丽华，等.我国水稻土壤有效磷和速效钾丰缺指标与适宜磷钾施用量研究[J].中国稻米，2018,24(5):1-10.SUN Hong-ren,ZHANG Ji-ping,GANG Li-hua,et al.Study on the abundance-deficiency index of soil available P and K and appropriate nutrient application rates of P and K for rice in China[J].China Rice,2018,24(5):1-10.
[13]吴复学，孙慧敏.不同施氮水平对玉米产量的影响[J].农业与技术，2016,36(18):2,6.WU Fu-xue,SUN Hui-min.Effects of different nitrogen application levels on maize yield[J].Agriculture and Technology,2016,36(18):2,6.
[14]Wang W N,Lu J W,Ren T,et.al.Evaluating regional mean optimal nitrogen rates in combination with indigenous nitrogen supply for rice production[J].Field Crops Research,2012,137:37-48.
[15]侯云鹏，杨建，孔丽丽，等.施磷对苏打盐碱土区水稻养分吸收、转运及分配的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报，2017,39(1):60-66.HOU Yun-peng,YANG Jian,KONG Li-li,et al.Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on nutrient absorption,translocation and distribution of rice in saline-sodic soil region[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2017,39(1):60-66.
[16]Menge D M,Onyango J C,Yamauchi A,et al.Effect of nitrogen application on the expression of drought-induced root plasticity of upland NERICA rice[J].Plant Production Science,2019,22(2):180-191.
[17]Zhang D,Wang H Y,Pan J T,et al.Nitrogen application rates need to be reduced for half of the rice paddy fields in China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2018,265:8-14.
[18]张彬，魏文武.不同供氮量对水稻土壤无机氮残留、氮平衡及产量的影响[J].山东农业大学学报（自然科学版），2019(4):1-5.ZHANG Bin,WEI Wen-wu.Effects of different nitrogen supplies on inorganic nitrogen residues,nitrogen balance and yield in rice soil[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2019(4):1-5.
[19]李玉影,刘双全,姬景红，等.黑龙江省水稻平衡施肥与养分循环研究[J].黑龙江农业科学，2018(10):39-44.LI Yu-ying,LIU Shuang-quan,JI Jing-hong,et al.Study on the balanced fertilization and nutrient cycling of rice in Heilongjiang Province[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2018(10):39-44.
[20]Liu H Y,Won P L P,Banayo N P M,et al.Late-season nitrogen applications improve grain yield and fertilizer-use efficiency of dry direct-seeded rice in the tropics[J].Field Crops Research,2019,233:114-120.
[21]Jahan M A H S,Hossai A,Timsina J,et al.Productivity,nutrient balance,and economics of monsoon rice under different nutrient management practices in two agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh[J].Open Agriculture,2019,4(1):24-40.
[2]侯彦林，陈守伦.施肥模型研究综述[J].土壤通报，2004,35(4):560-564.HOU Yan-lin,CHEN Shou-lun.Summarization of fertilization model research[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(4):560-564.
[3]侯彦林.生态平衡施肥理论、方法及其应用[M].北京：中国农业出版社，2014:38-39,77.HOU Yan-lin.Theory,method and application of ecological balanced fertilization[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2014:38-39,77.
[4]Morala F J,Rebollob F J,Serranoc J M.Estimating and mapping pasture soil fertility in a portuguese montado based on a objective model and geostatistical techniques[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2019,157:500-508.
[5]Ren Y,Chen J Y,Chen L K,et al.Research and implementation of a universal workflow model to evaluate the soil fertility based on OGCWeb Service[J].Geo-spatial Information Science,2018,21(4):346-357.
[6]Rinaldi M,Scalcione E,Perniola M,et al.Soil tillage and residues management in wheat continuous cropping in southern Italy:A model application for agronomic and soil fertility assessment[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2017,140:77-87.
[7]王萍，李秀芬，杨晓强，等.生长季降水对黑龙江省水稻生产的影响[J].中国农学通报，2019,35(6):62-69.WANG Ping,LI Xiu-fen,YANG Xiao-qiang,et al.Growing season precipitation affects rice production in Heilongjiang Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2019,35(6):62-69.
[8]郭建茂,王阳阳,李淑婷,等.台站气温推算稻田温度及其对水稻高温热害的评判[J].自然灾害学报，2018,27(3):162-171.GUO Jian-mao,WANG Yang-yang,LI Shu-ting,et al.Calculation of rice field temperature based on station temperature and its evaluation on heat injury of rice[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2018,27(3):162-171.
[9]刘玥.吉首市降水与日照对水稻产量的影响分析[J].农业开发与装备，2017(8):46,72.LIU Yue.Impact of rainfall and sunshine on rice yield in Jishou City[J].Agricultural Development and Equipment,2017(8):46,72.
[10]黄颖博，汤文光，肖小平，等.稻田不同种植模式对土壤养分表观平衡和氮素生产效率的影响[J].应用生态学报，2019,30(4):1119-1126.HUANG Ying-bo,TANG Wen-guang,XIAO Xiao-ping,et al.Effects of different planting patterns on the apparent balance of soil nutrients and nitrogen production efficiency in paddy soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2019,30(4):1119-1126.
[11]胡雨彤，郝明德，付威，等.不同降水年型和施磷水平对小麦产量的效应[J].中国农业科学，2017,50(2):299-309.HU Yu-tong,HAO Ming-de,FU Wei,et al.Effect of precipitation patterns and different phosphorus nutrition levels on winter wheat yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(2):299-309.
[12]孙洪仁，张吉萍，冮丽华，等.我国水稻土壤有效磷和速效钾丰缺指标与适宜磷钾施用量研究[J].中国稻米，2018,24(5):1-10.SUN Hong-ren,ZHANG Ji-ping,GANG Li-hua,et al.Study on the abundance-deficiency index of soil available P and K and appropriate nutrient application rates of P and K for rice in China[J].China Rice,2018,24(5):1-10.
[13]吴复学，孙慧敏.不同施氮水平对玉米产量的影响[J].农业与技术，2016,36(18):2,6.WU Fu-xue,SUN Hui-min.Effects of different nitrogen application levels on maize yield[J].Agriculture and Technology,2016,36(18):2,6.
[14]Wang W N,Lu J W,Ren T,et.al.Evaluating regional mean optimal nitrogen rates in combination with indigenous nitrogen supply for rice production[J].Field Crops Research,2012,137:37-48.
[15]侯云鹏，杨建，孔丽丽，等.施磷对苏打盐碱土区水稻养分吸收、转运及分配的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报，2017,39(1):60-66.HOU Yun-peng,YANG Jian,KONG Li-li,et al.Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on nutrient absorption,translocation and distribution of rice in saline-sodic soil region[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2017,39(1):60-66.
[16]Menge D M,Onyango J C,Yamauchi A,et al.Effect of nitrogen application on the expression of drought-induced root plasticity of upland NERICA rice[J].Plant Production Science,2019,22(2):180-191.
[17]Zhang D,Wang H Y,Pan J T,et al.Nitrogen application rates need to be reduced for half of the rice paddy fields in China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2018,265:8-14.
[18]张彬，魏文武.不同供氮量对水稻土壤无机氮残留、氮平衡及产量的影响[J].山东农业大学学报（自然科学版），2019(4):1-5.ZHANG Bin,WEI Wen-wu.Effects of different nitrogen supplies on inorganic nitrogen residues,nitrogen balance and yield in rice soil[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2019(4):1-5.
[19]李玉影,刘双全,姬景红，等.黑龙江省水稻平衡施肥与养分循环研究[J].黑龙江农业科学，2018(10):39-44.LI Yu-ying,LIU Shuang-quan,JI Jing-hong,et al.Study on the balanced fertilization and nutrient cycling of rice in Heilongjiang Province[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2018(10):39-44.
[20]Liu H Y,Won P L P,Banayo N P M,et al.Late-season nitrogen applications improve grain yield and fertilizer-use efficiency of dry direct-seeded rice in the tropics[J].Field Crops Research,2019,233:114-120.
[21]Jahan M A H S,Hossai A,Timsina J,et al.Productivity,nutrient balance,and economics of monsoon rice under different nutrient management practices in two agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh[J].Open Agriculture,2019,4(1):24-40.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |