‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄幼胚和胚乳发育及败育的组织学观察
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摘要
以种子败育型无核葡萄品种‘Fresno Seedless’为试材,采用石蜡切片技术和铁矾媒苏木精染色法,对‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄的幼胚和胚乳的发育及败育过程进行了系统的细胞学观察,以期确定其幼胚和胚乳开始败育的时期。结果表明:‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄合子于花后16d开始分裂,经过二细胞原胚、多细胞原胚,发育至球形胚时期,开始退化败育,时间为花后38d;‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄初生胚乳核于花后6d开始分裂,待胚乳细胞基本充满胚囊后开始退化败育,时间为花后32d。胚囊内胚乳首先从胚囊珠孔端开始败育,随后合点端胚乳开始败育。因此,‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄的胚挽救最佳取样时期是花后32～36d。该研究结果为利用‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄做母本进行胚挽救育种的大田取样时期提供了较为科学的参考依据。
Cytological observation of development and abortion of embryo and endosperm in ‘Fresno Seedless' grape was conducted by paraffin section technique and dyeing to research for the start time of abortion of embryo and endosperm via paraffin section and Iron-vitriol hematoxylin staining.The observation results indicated that the embryo abortion of ‘Fresno Seedless' grape occurred at the globular embryo stage on 38 days AFB(days after full blooming)after the initial division of zygote on16 days AFB and following development at the two-celled proembryo stage and the multicellular proembryo stage.The endosperm nucleus began to divide on 6days AFB and stopped on 30 days AFB when the embryo sac was full of cellular endosperm.The endosperm started to degenerate on 32 days AFB and the abortion generated from the micropylar end to chalazal end in embryo sac.It could be concluded that the optimal time of embryo rescue choosing ‘Fresno Seedless' as female parent was32-36 days AFB.This study provided a scientific reference to the sampling time of embryo rescue to breed in field.
Cytological observation of development and abortion of embryo and endosperm in ‘Fresno Seedless' grape was conducted by paraffin section technique and dyeing to research for the start time of abortion of embryo and endosperm via paraffin section and Iron-vitriol hematoxylin staining.The observation results indicated that the embryo abortion of ‘Fresno Seedless' grape occurred at the globular embryo stage on 38 days AFB(days after full blooming)after the initial division of zygote on16 days AFB and following development at the two-celled proembryo stage and the multicellular proembryo stage.The endosperm nucleus began to divide on 6days AFB and stopped on 30 days AFB when the embryo sac was full of cellular endosperm.The endosperm started to degenerate on 32 days AFB and the abortion generated from the micropylar end to chalazal end in embryo sac.It could be concluded that the optimal time of embryo rescue choosing ‘Fresno Seedless' as female parent was32-36 days AFB.This study provided a scientific reference to the sampling time of embryo rescue to breed in field.
引文
[1]张剑侠,牛茹萱.无核葡萄胚挽救技术的研究现状与展望[J].园艺学报,2013,40(9):1645-1655.
[2]董兴全,亓桂梅.2012年世界葡萄干主产国的生产、消费及贸易概况[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2013(2):64-69.
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[4]刘巧,张立华,王跃进,等.两个无核葡萄品种胚及胚乳败育的细胞学研究[J].北方园艺,2016(3):31-35.
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[11]刘小宁.种子败育型无核葡萄胚珠、胚乳及胚发育的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005.
[12]王飞.葡萄无核品种及其杂种胚败育机理与胚挽救技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2002.
[13]江淑平.葡萄无核品种胚败育因子及其机理的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2004.
[14]李顺雨.种子败育型葡萄胚败育的形态学观察及生理基础[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2009.
[15]刘小宁,王跃进,张剑侠,等.Flame Seedless葡萄胚珠、胚乳及胚发育与败育的研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(10):1947-1953.
[16]王跃进,江淑平,刘小宁,等.假单性结实无核葡萄胚败育机理研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(10):1987-1993.
[17]潘学军,李顺雨,张文娥,等.种子败育型无核葡萄胚发育及败育的细胞学研究[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(3):1060-1064.
[18]陈机.植物发育解剖学:下册[M].济南:山东大学出版社,1996:172-174.
[19]王飞,王跃进,周会玲,等.无核葡萄与中国野生葡萄杂种胚发育和败育的细胞学研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3):61-65.
[20]TIAN L L,WANG Y J.Seedless grape breeding for disease resistance by using embryo rescue[J].Vitis,2008,47(1):15-19.
[2]董兴全,亓桂梅.2012年世界葡萄干主产国的生产、消费及贸易概况[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2013(2):64-69.
[3]刘崇怀.无核葡萄品种的无核性来源分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2003,4(1):58-62.
[4]刘巧,张立华,王跃进,等.两个无核葡萄品种胚及胚乳败育的细胞学研究[J].北方园艺,2016(3):31-35.
[5]张利,孟新法.无核葡萄胚珠发育及早期离体培养的研究:Ⅱ.无核葡萄胚发育的特点[J].中国农业大学学报,1991,4(4):55-60.
[6] GRAY D J,MORTENSEN J A,BENTON C M,et al.Ovule culture to obtain progeny from hybrid seedless bunch grapes[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1990,115(6):1019-1024.
[7] LI Z Q,LI T M,WANG Y J,et al.Breeding new seedless grapes using in ovulo embryo rescue and marker-assisted selection[J].In Vitro Cellular&Developmental Biology Plant,2015,51(3):241-248.
[8] JI W,WANG Y J.Breeding for seedless grapes using Chinese wild Vitis spp.II.in vitro embryo rescue and plant development[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2013,93(15):3870.
[9] MIDANI A R,SHARMA H C,SINGH S K.Effect of ovule age on ovulo-embryo culture in seeded and seedless grape genotypes[J].Indian Journal of Horticulture,2002,59(4):359-362.
[10]胡适宜.被子植物胚胎学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1982:177-185.
[11]刘小宁.种子败育型无核葡萄胚珠、胚乳及胚发育的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005.
[12]王飞.葡萄无核品种及其杂种胚败育机理与胚挽救技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2002.
[13]江淑平.葡萄无核品种胚败育因子及其机理的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2004.
[14]李顺雨.种子败育型葡萄胚败育的形态学观察及生理基础[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2009.
[15]刘小宁,王跃进,张剑侠,等.Flame Seedless葡萄胚珠、胚乳及胚发育与败育的研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(10):1947-1953.
[16]王跃进,江淑平,刘小宁,等.假单性结实无核葡萄胚败育机理研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(10):1987-1993.
[17]潘学军,李顺雨,张文娥,等.种子败育型无核葡萄胚发育及败育的细胞学研究[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(3):1060-1064.
[18]陈机.植物发育解剖学:下册[M].济南:山东大学出版社,1996:172-174.
[19]王飞,王跃进,周会玲,等.无核葡萄与中国野生葡萄杂种胚发育和败育的细胞学研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3):61-65.
[20]TIAN L L,WANG Y J.Seedless grape breeding for disease resistance by using embryo rescue[J].Vitis,2008,47(1):15-19.