面向区域二次污染风险控制的臭氧及其前体物卫星遥感监测
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摘要
日益突出的臭氧(O_3)污染已成为继PM2. 5之后我国大气污染防治的又一艰巨任务。由于氮氧化物(NO_x)、挥发性有机物(VOCs)这2种前体物的减排难度较大,且与O_3浓度存在复杂的非线性关系,准确获取O_3及NO_x、VOCs的时空分布对制定有效的防控措施至关重要。基于卫星遥感可定量反演O_3及2种前体物的代表性物种——二氧化氮(NO_2)、甲醛(HCHO)及乙二醛(C_2H_2O_2)的时空分布信息。面向区域O_3污染分析和防控应用,综述了卫星遥感对O_3及NO_2、HCHO、C_2H_2O_2的探测能力,以及利用遥感手段分析区域O_3及其前体物的传输。进而从O_3与NO_x、VOCs关系的角度,分析了利用卫星反演的前体物表征O_3生成风险的可行性。最后对卫星在区域O_3及其前体物监测方面的前景趋势提出了思考。
The increasingly prominent ozone(O_3) pollution is the second most arduous task of air pollution control after PM2. 5 in China. Considering that the emission reduction of nitrogen oxides(NO_x) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) is difficult,and there is a complex nonlinear relationship with O_3,so it is important to accurately obtain the spatial and temporal distribution of O_3,NO_x and VOCs for the formulation of effective prevention and control measures. The spatial and temporal distribution of O_3 and two representative species of precursors,nitrogen dioxide(NO_2),formaldehyde(HCHO) and glyoxal(C_2H_2O_2),can be retrieved quantitatively based on satellite remote sensing. Focused on the analysis and control of regional ozone pollution,this paper summarized the detection ability of satellite remote sensing to O_3,NO_2,HCHO and C_2H_2O_2,and analyzed the transport of regional O_3 and its precursors by remote sensing. The feasibility of using satellite inversion precursors to characterize O_3 generation risk was analyzed from the perspective of the relationship between O_3-NO_x-VOCs. Finally,the future trend of satellite in regional O_3 and precursor monitoring was discussed.
The increasingly prominent ozone(O_3) pollution is the second most arduous task of air pollution control after PM2. 5 in China. Considering that the emission reduction of nitrogen oxides(NO_x) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) is difficult,and there is a complex nonlinear relationship with O_3,so it is important to accurately obtain the spatial and temporal distribution of O_3,NO_x and VOCs for the formulation of effective prevention and control measures. The spatial and temporal distribution of O_3 and two representative species of precursors,nitrogen dioxide(NO_2),formaldehyde(HCHO) and glyoxal(C_2H_2O_2),can be retrieved quantitatively based on satellite remote sensing. Focused on the analysis and control of regional ozone pollution,this paper summarized the detection ability of satellite remote sensing to O_3,NO_2,HCHO and C_2H_2O_2,and analyzed the transport of regional O_3 and its precursors by remote sensing. The feasibility of using satellite inversion precursors to characterize O_3 generation risk was analyzed from the perspective of the relationship between O_3-NO_x-VOCs. Finally,the future trend of satellite in regional O_3 and precursor monitoring was discussed.
引文
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[2]刘建，吴兑，范绍佳，等．前体物与气象因子对珠江三角洲臭氧污染的影响[J]．中国环境科学，2017,37(3):813-820.
[3]沈劲，陈多宏，蒋斌，等．粤东北地区臭氧与前体物关系[J]．环境科学与技术，2018,41(9):90-95.
[4] CHOI Y,KIM H,TONG D,et al. Summertime weekly cycles of observed and modeled NOx and O3concentrations as a function of satellite-derived ozone production sensitivity and land use types over the Continental United States[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012,12(14):6291-6307.
[5] CHOI Y,SOURI A H. Chemical condition and surface ozone in large cities of Texas during the last decade:Observational evidence from OMI,CAMS,and model analysis[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,168:90-101.
[6] DAVID L M,NAIR P R. Tropospheric column O3and NO2over the Indian region observed by Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI):Seasonal changes and long-term trends[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,65:25-39.
[7] DUFOUR G,EREMENKO M,CUESTA J,et al. Springtime daily variations in lower-tropospheric ozone over east Asia:the role of cyclonic activity and pollution as observed from space with IASI[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(18):10839-10856.
[8] WANG W N,CHENG T H,GU X F,et al. Assessing spatial and temporal patterns of observed ground-level Ozone in China[J]. Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):3651.
[9] WANG T,XUE L,BRIMBLECOMBE P,et al. Ozone pollution in China:A review of concentrations,meteorological influences,chemical precursors,and effects[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,575:1582.
[10] XU J,MA J Z,ZHANG X L,et al. Measurements of ozone and its precursors in Beijing during summertime:impact of urban plumes on ozone pollution in downwind rural areas[J]. Atomospheric Chemistry and Physics,2011,11(23):12241-12252.
[11] GAO W,TIE X X,XU J M,et al. Long-term trend of O-3 in a mega City(Shanghai),China:Characteristics,causes,and interactions with precursors[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,603:425-433.
[12] DUNCAN B N,YOSHIDA Y,OLSON J R,et al. Application of OMI observations to a space-based indicator of NOx and VOC controls on surface ozone formation[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(18):2213-2223.
[13] DUNCAN B N,LAMSAL L N,THOMPSON A M,et al. A space-based,high-resolution view of notable changes in urban NOx pollution around the world(2005—2014)[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2016,121(2).
[14] ZHANG L,LEE C S,ZHANG R,et al. Spatial and temporal evaluation of long term trend(2005—2014)of OMI retrieved NO2and SO2concentrations in Henan Province,China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017,154:151-166.
[15] SOURI A H,CHOI Y,JEON W,et al. Remote sensing evidence of decadal changes in major tropospheric ozone precursors over East Asia[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2017,122(4):2474-2492.
[16] DE SMEDT I,STAVRAKOU T,HENDRICK F,et al. Diurnal,seasonal and long-term variations of global formaldehyde columns inferred from combined OMI and GOME-2 observations[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(8):12241-12300.
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[19]王庚辰．我国大气臭氧探测技术的进展现状[J]．地球科学进展，1991(6):31-36.
[20] SMIT H G J,STRAETER W,JOHNSON B J,et al. Assessment of the performance of ECC-ozonesondes under quasi-flight conditions in the environmental simulation chamber:Insights from the Juelich Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment(JOSIE)[J].J Geophys Res-Atmos,2007,112(D19).
[21] TARASICK D W,DAVIES J,ANLAUF K,et al. Laboratory investigations of the response of Brewer-Mast ozonesondes to tropospheric ozone[J]. J Geophys Res-Atmos,2002,107(D16).
[22] BIAN J C,PAN L L,PAULIK L,et al. In situ water vapor and ozone measurements in Lhasa and Kunming during the Asian summer monsoon[J]. Geophys Res Lett,2012,39(19):19808.
[23] TERAO Y,LOGAN J A. Consistency of time series and trends of stratospheric ozone as seen by ozonesonde,SAGE II,HALOE,and SBUV(/2)[J]. J Geophys Res-Atmos,2007,112(D6):D06310.
[24] BHARTIA P K,MCPETERS R D,FLYNN L E,et al. Solar Backscatter UV(SBUV)total ozone and profile algorithm[J].Atmos Meas Tech,2013,6(10):2533-2548.
[25] VEEFKIND J P,DE HAAN J R,BRINKSMA E J,et al. Total ozone from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)using the DOAS technique[J]. Ieee T Geosci Remote,2006,44(5):1239-1244.
[26] BAI K X,LIU C S,SHI R H,et al. Comparison of Suomi-NPP OMPS total column ozone with Brewer and Dobson spectrophotometers measurements[J]. Front Earth Sci-Prc,2015,9(3):369-380.
[27] QU Y N,GOLDBERG M D,DIVAKARLA M. Ozone profile retrieval from satellite observation using high spectral resolution infrared sounding instrument[J]. Adv Atmos Sci,2001,18(5):959-971.
[28] MULLER M D,KAIFEL A,WEBER M,et al. Neural network scheme for the retrieval of total ozone from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment data[J]. Appl Optics,2002,41(24):5051-5058.
[29] DIVAKARLA M,BARNET C,GOLDBERG M,et al. Evaluation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ozone profiles and total ozone retrievals with matched ozonesonde measurements,ECMWF ozone data,and Ozone Monitoring Instrument retrievals[J]. J Geophys Res-Atmos,2008,113(D15).
[30] BOWMAN K W,RODGERS C D,KULAWIK S S,et al. Tropospheric emission spectrometer:Retrieval method and error analysis[J]. Ieee T Geosci Remote,2006,44(5):1297-1307.
[31] KULAWIK S S,OSTERMAN G,JONES D B A,et al. Calculation of altitude-dependent Tikhonov constraints for TES nadir retrievals[J]. Ieee T Geosci Remote,2006,44(5):1334-1342.
[32] NASSAR R,LOGAN J A,WORDEN H M,et al. Validation of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer(TES)nadir ozone profiles using ozonesonde measurements[J]. J Geophys Res-Atmos,2008,113(D15).
[33] MA P F,CHEN L F,WANG Z T,et al. Ozone Profile Retrievals From the Cross-Track Infrared Sounder[J]. Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2016,54(7):3985-3994.
[34] GONZALEZ ABAD G,SOURI A H,BAK J,et al. Five decades observing Earth’s atmospheric trace gases using ultraviolet and visible backscatter solar radiation from space[J/OL]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. http://doi. org10. 1016/j. jqst. 2019. 04. 030,2019-04-23.
[35] ZHAO M J,SI F Q,ZHOU H J,et al. Preflight calibration of the Chinese Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument(EMI)[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2018,11(9):5403-5419.
[36] BOERSMA K F,ESKES H J,DIRKSEN R J,et al. An improved tropospheric NO2column retrieval algorithm for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2011,4(9):1905-1928.
[37] ZARA M,BOERSMA K F,DE SMEDT I,et al. Improved slant column density retrieval of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde for OMI and GOME-2A from QA4ECV:intercomparison,uncertainty characterisation,and trends[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2018,11(7):4033-4058.
[38] GEFFEN J H G M V,BOERSMA K F,ESKES H J,et al. TROPOMI ATBD of the total and tropospheric NO2data products[R]. De Bilt:KNMI,2016.
[39] BOERSMA K F,ESKES H J,RICHTER A,et al. Improving algorithms and uncertainty estimates for satellite NO2retrievals:results from the quality assurance for the essential climate variables(QA4ECV)project[J]. Atmos Meas Tech,2018,11(12):6651-6678.
[40]韩冬．基于差分光学吸收光谱技术的对流层二氧化氮卫星遥感反演研究[D]．北京:中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所，2010.
[41] LIN J T,MARTIN R V,BOERSMA K F,et al. Retrieving tropospheric nitrogen dioxide from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument:effects of aerosols,surface reflectance anisotropy,and vertical profile of nitrogen dioxide[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2014,14(3):1441-1461.
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