2014—2016年四川盆地重污染大气环流形势特征分析
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摘要
利用2014—2016年四川盆地7个主要城市国家环境空气监测子站资料,结合2015—2016年MICAPS常规气象数据、NECP和ERA Interim再分析资料,统计分析四川盆地细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))浓度时间分布特征及重污染期间的气象要素和环流背景.结果发现,2014—2016年四川盆地大气重污染主要发生在冬季,重污染日数分别为41、30和16 d,呈逐年降低的趋势.大气重污染期间,温度廓线出现多层逆温,逆温层大多出现在近地面925 hPa以下和700～600 hPa之间.四川盆地大气重污染主要对应两种环流形势,一种为500 hPa高空盛行西风气流,850 hPa高空等值线稀疏,另一种为四川盆地受到500 hPa高空槽后西北气流控制,地面为弱高压.以上两种环流形势下,四川盆地850 hPa高空附近气压梯度小,污染物不易扩散,导致重污染天气发生.本研究结论可为四川盆地大气重污染预报预警提供科学依据.
The concentrations of fine particulate matters(PM_(2.5)) of 7 representative cities in the Sichuan Basin from 2014 to 2016, as well as the meteorological data of MICAPS, NECP and ERA Interim reanalysis data from 2015 to 2016, were used in the study to get deep insight into the variation of PM_(2.5) concentrations in Sichuan Basin and the meteorological factors and circulation situations during the heavy pollutions. It revealed that most of the heavy pollution processes in Sichuan Basin occurred in winter. The number of heavy pollution days from 2014 to 2016 declined as 41, 30 and 16, respectively. Multi-inversion layers, which distributed in the layer of under 925 hPa near the surface and 700 ～600 hPa, were observed in most of the heavy pollution processes. There were two main patterns of the circulation situations during heavy pollutions in the Sichuan Basin, one was the west current prevailed in 500 hPa, while the contours were sparse in 850 hPa; the other one was the upper in 500 hPa of the Sichuan Basin controlled by the northwest air flow behind the trough, while the near ground controlled by the weak high-pressure system. Under the two patterns of circulation situations mentioned above, the pressure gradient at 850 hPa was weak, so that the pollutants were hard to disperse and then the heavy pollution occurred. The results might provide the scientific support to the forecast of the heavy pollutions.
The concentrations of fine particulate matters(PM_(2.5)) of 7 representative cities in the Sichuan Basin from 2014 to 2016, as well as the meteorological data of MICAPS, NECP and ERA Interim reanalysis data from 2015 to 2016, were used in the study to get deep insight into the variation of PM_(2.5) concentrations in Sichuan Basin and the meteorological factors and circulation situations during the heavy pollutions. It revealed that most of the heavy pollution processes in Sichuan Basin occurred in winter. The number of heavy pollution days from 2014 to 2016 declined as 41, 30 and 16, respectively. Multi-inversion layers, which distributed in the layer of under 925 hPa near the surface and 700 ～600 hPa, were observed in most of the heavy pollution processes. There were two main patterns of the circulation situations during heavy pollutions in the Sichuan Basin, one was the west current prevailed in 500 hPa, while the contours were sparse in 850 hPa; the other one was the upper in 500 hPa of the Sichuan Basin controlled by the northwest air flow behind the trough, while the near ground controlled by the weak high-pressure system. Under the two patterns of circulation situations mentioned above, the pressure gradient at 850 hPa was weak, so that the pollutants were hard to disperse and then the heavy pollution occurred. The results might provide the scientific support to the forecast of the heavy pollutions.
引文
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成青燕,张东方,杨蓉,等.2018.气象条件与成都市空气质量的关系研究[J].自然科学,6(1):53-62
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宫殿清,卫兴鹏,贾陈忠,等.2017.临汾市大气污染物特征与健康危险度评价[J].广州化工,45(3):80-81
郭倩,汪嘉杨,周子航,等.2018.成都市一次典型空气重污染过程特征及成因分析[J].环境科学学报,38(2):629-639
郭晓梅.2016.四川盆地空气质量气候特征及其大地形影响效应的观测模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学
侯梦玲,王宏,赵天良,等.2017.京津冀一次重度雾霾天气能见度及边界层关键气象要素的模拟研究[J].大气科学,41(6):1177-1190
胡春梅,刘德,陈道劲.2016.重庆地区两次连续空气污染天气过程对比分析[J].气象与环境学报,32(1):25-32
胡云佳,刘志红.2017.成都市大气消光系数及PM2.5质量浓度在不同湿度条件下的关系研究[J].四川环境,36(5):82-88
Huang X J,Liu Z R,Liu J Y,et al.2017.Chemical characterization and source identification of PM2.5 at multiple sites in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,17(21):12941-12962
李展,陈建文,杜云松,等.2015.成都及周边城市一次区域性空气污染过程特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,38(3):125-130
廖婷婷,王珊,王莉莉,等.2016.2013年成都财富论坛期间空气质量状况分析研究[J].环境科学学报,36(1):271-278
Liao T T,Wang S,Ai J,et al.2017.Heavy pollution episodes,transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 during the winter of 2013 in Chengdu (China)[J].Science of the Total Environment,584-585:1056-1065
Liao T T,Gui K,Jiang W T,et al.2018.Air stagnation and its impact on air quality during winter in Sichuan and Chongqing,southwestern China[J].Science of the Total Environment,635:576-585
刘佳,马振峰,孙彧,等.2016.1981—2014年四川不同强度霾时空特征及气候成因研究[J].环境科学学报,36(12):4328-4339
Ning G C,Wang S G,Ma M J,et al.2017.Characteristics of air pollution in different zones of Sichuan Basin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,612:975-984
Ning G C,Wang S G,Yim S H L,et al.2018.Impact of low-pressure systems on winter heavy air pollution in the northwest Sichuan Basin,China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 18(18):13601-13615
任阵海,万本太,虞统,等.2004.不同尺度大气系统对污染边界层的影响及其水平流场输送[J].环境科学研究,17(1):7-13
邵梦琪,甘维金,向卫国.2018.年初一次四川重污染过程气象条件综合分析[J].成都信息工程学院学报,33(2):212-219
宋明,韩素芹,张敏,等.2013.天津大气能见度与相对湿度和PM10及PM2.5的关系[J].气象与环境学报,29(2):34-41
Tan H B,Yin Y,Gu X S,et al.2013.An observational study of the hygroscopic properties of aerosols over the Pearl River Delta region[J].Atmospheric Environment,77(3):817-826
Tao J,Cheng T T,Zhang R J,et al.2013a.Chemical composition of PM2.5 at an urban site of Chengdu in Southwestern China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,30(4):1070-1084
Tao J,Zhang L M,Engling G,et al.2013b.Chemical composition of PM2.5,in an urban environment in Chengdu,China:Importance of springtime dust storms and biomass burning[J].Atmospheric Research,122(3):270-283
王芳.2014.兰州市大气颗粒物及其化学组分污染特征和成因研究[D].兰州:兰州大学
Wang N,Ling Z H,Deng X J,et al.2018a.Source contributions to PM2.5 under unfavorable weather conditions in Guangzhou City,China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,35(9):1145-1159
Wang X Y,Dickinson R E,Su L Y,et al.2018b.PM2.5 pollution in China and how it has been exacerbated by terrain and meteorological conditions[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,99(1):105-119
王珊,廖婷婷,王莉莉,等.2015.西安一次霾重污染过程大气环境特征及气象条件影响分析[J].环境科学学报,35(11):3452-3462
王跃,王莉莉,赵广娜,等.2014.北京冬季PM2.5重污染时段不同尺度环流形势及边界层结构分析[J].气候与环境研究,19(2):173-184
王跃思,姚利,王莉莉,等.2014.2013年元月我国中东部地区强霾污染成因分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(1):15-26
Wei P,Ren Z H,Su F Q,et al.2011.Environmental process and convergence belt of atmospheric NO2 pollution in north China[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,25(6):797-811
吴洛林,周柳艺,王雪梅,等.2017.肇庆市PM2.5重污染天气形势及冬季典型污染过程输送特征研究[J].热带气象学报,33(5):782-792
谢祖欣,韩志伟.2014.基于排放清单的中国地区人为排放源的年际变化[J].中国科学院大学学报,31(3):289-296
杨康权,龙柯吉,肖递祥.2016.成都地区一次持续性污染过程天气特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,36(4):75-78
杨孝文,周颖,程水源,等.2016.北京冬季一次重污染过程的污染特征及成因分析[J].中国环境科学,36(3):679-686
杨旭,康延臻,王式功,等.2017.郑州市大气污染特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].兰州大学学报(自科版),53(3):348-354
Zhao B,Liou K N,Gu Y,et al.2017.Enhanced PM2.5 pollution in China due to aerosol-cloud interactions[J].Scientific Reports,7(1):4453
张娟,刘志红,段伯隆,等.2016.2014年成都市大气污染特征及气象因子分析[J].四川环境,35(6):79-88
张人禾,李强,张若楠.2014.2013年1月中国东部持续性强雾霾天气产生的气象条件分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(1):27-36
张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.2013.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J].科学通报,58(13):1178-1187
钟幼军,国世友.2013.哈尔滨冬季重污染日气象特征[J].气象与环境学报,29(1):23-27
周书华,倪长健,刘培川.2015.成都地区大气边界层逆温特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,31(2):108-111
周子航,邓也,谭钦文,等.2018.四川省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征[J].环境科学,39(12):5344-5358
Chen H P,Wang H J.2015.Haze Days in north China and the associated atmospheric circulations based on daily visibility data from 1960 to 2012[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,120(12):5895-5909
成青燕,张东方,杨蓉,等.2018.气象条件与成都市空气质量的关系研究[J].自然科学,6(1):53-62
Chen Y,Xie S D,Luo B,et al.2014.Characteristics and origins of carbonaceous aerosol in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,94:215-223
邓雪娇,李菲,吴兑,等.2011.广州地区典型清洁与污染过程的大气湍流与物质交换特征[J].中国环境科学,31(9):1424-1430
高庆先,李亮,马占云,等.2017.2013—2016年天气形势对北京秋季空气重污染过程的影响[J].环境科学研究,30(2):173-183
宫殿清,卫兴鹏,贾陈忠,等.2017.临汾市大气污染物特征与健康危险度评价[J].广州化工,45(3):80-81
郭倩,汪嘉杨,周子航,等.2018.成都市一次典型空气重污染过程特征及成因分析[J].环境科学学报,38(2):629-639
郭晓梅.2016.四川盆地空气质量气候特征及其大地形影响效应的观测模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学
侯梦玲,王宏,赵天良,等.2017.京津冀一次重度雾霾天气能见度及边界层关键气象要素的模拟研究[J].大气科学,41(6):1177-1190
胡春梅,刘德,陈道劲.2016.重庆地区两次连续空气污染天气过程对比分析[J].气象与环境学报,32(1):25-32
胡云佳,刘志红.2017.成都市大气消光系数及PM2.5质量浓度在不同湿度条件下的关系研究[J].四川环境,36(5):82-88
Huang X J,Liu Z R,Liu J Y,et al.2017.Chemical characterization and source identification of PM2.5 at multiple sites in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,17(21):12941-12962
李展,陈建文,杜云松,等.2015.成都及周边城市一次区域性空气污染过程特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,38(3):125-130
廖婷婷,王珊,王莉莉,等.2016.2013年成都财富论坛期间空气质量状况分析研究[J].环境科学学报,36(1):271-278
Liao T T,Wang S,Ai J,et al.2017.Heavy pollution episodes,transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 during the winter of 2013 in Chengdu (China)[J].Science of the Total Environment,584-585:1056-1065
Liao T T,Gui K,Jiang W T,et al.2018.Air stagnation and its impact on air quality during winter in Sichuan and Chongqing,southwestern China[J].Science of the Total Environment,635:576-585
刘佳,马振峰,孙彧,等.2016.1981—2014年四川不同强度霾时空特征及气候成因研究[J].环境科学学报,36(12):4328-4339
Ning G C,Wang S G,Ma M J,et al.2017.Characteristics of air pollution in different zones of Sichuan Basin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,612:975-984
Ning G C,Wang S G,Yim S H L,et al.2018.Impact of low-pressure systems on winter heavy air pollution in the northwest Sichuan Basin,China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 18(18):13601-13615
任阵海,万本太,虞统,等.2004.不同尺度大气系统对污染边界层的影响及其水平流场输送[J].环境科学研究,17(1):7-13
邵梦琪,甘维金,向卫国.2018.年初一次四川重污染过程气象条件综合分析[J].成都信息工程学院学报,33(2):212-219
宋明,韩素芹,张敏,等.2013.天津大气能见度与相对湿度和PM10及PM2.5的关系[J].气象与环境学报,29(2):34-41
Tan H B,Yin Y,Gu X S,et al.2013.An observational study of the hygroscopic properties of aerosols over the Pearl River Delta region[J].Atmospheric Environment,77(3):817-826
Tao J,Cheng T T,Zhang R J,et al.2013a.Chemical composition of PM2.5 at an urban site of Chengdu in Southwestern China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,30(4):1070-1084
Tao J,Zhang L M,Engling G,et al.2013b.Chemical composition of PM2.5,in an urban environment in Chengdu,China:Importance of springtime dust storms and biomass burning[J].Atmospheric Research,122(3):270-283
王芳.2014.兰州市大气颗粒物及其化学组分污染特征和成因研究[D].兰州:兰州大学
Wang N,Ling Z H,Deng X J,et al.2018a.Source contributions to PM2.5 under unfavorable weather conditions in Guangzhou City,China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,35(9):1145-1159
Wang X Y,Dickinson R E,Su L Y,et al.2018b.PM2.5 pollution in China and how it has been exacerbated by terrain and meteorological conditions[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,99(1):105-119
王珊,廖婷婷,王莉莉,等.2015.西安一次霾重污染过程大气环境特征及气象条件影响分析[J].环境科学学报,35(11):3452-3462
王跃,王莉莉,赵广娜,等.2014.北京冬季PM2.5重污染时段不同尺度环流形势及边界层结构分析[J].气候与环境研究,19(2):173-184
王跃思,姚利,王莉莉,等.2014.2013年元月我国中东部地区强霾污染成因分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(1):15-26
Wei P,Ren Z H,Su F Q,et al.2011.Environmental process and convergence belt of atmospheric NO2 pollution in north China[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,25(6):797-811
吴洛林,周柳艺,王雪梅,等.2017.肇庆市PM2.5重污染天气形势及冬季典型污染过程输送特征研究[J].热带气象学报,33(5):782-792
谢祖欣,韩志伟.2014.基于排放清单的中国地区人为排放源的年际变化[J].中国科学院大学学报,31(3):289-296
杨康权,龙柯吉,肖递祥.2016.成都地区一次持续性污染过程天气特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,36(4):75-78
杨孝文,周颖,程水源,等.2016.北京冬季一次重污染过程的污染特征及成因分析[J].中国环境科学,36(3):679-686
杨旭,康延臻,王式功,等.2017.郑州市大气污染特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].兰州大学学报(自科版),53(3):348-354
Zhao B,Liou K N,Gu Y,et al.2017.Enhanced PM2.5 pollution in China due to aerosol-cloud interactions[J].Scientific Reports,7(1):4453
张娟,刘志红,段伯隆,等.2016.2014年成都市大气污染特征及气象因子分析[J].四川环境,35(6):79-88
张人禾,李强,张若楠.2014.2013年1月中国东部持续性强雾霾天气产生的气象条件分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(1):27-36
张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.2013.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J].科学通报,58(13):1178-1187
钟幼军,国世友.2013.哈尔滨冬季重污染日气象特征[J].气象与环境学报,29(1):23-27
周书华,倪长健,刘培川.2015.成都地区大气边界层逆温特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,31(2):108-111
周子航,邓也,谭钦文,等.2018.四川省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征[J].环境科学,39(12):5344-5358