高学历人口迁居决策:精神方面收益比较
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摘要
为全面探究高学历人口的迁居动机和影响因素,基于中山大学劳动力动态调查数据(CLDS),对高学历人口迁居的影响因素进行理论与实证分析。研究表明:在高学历人口迁居影响因素中,精神收益呈现显著影响,说明精神收益对高学历人口迁居而言具有重要作用;相比较普通学历人口而言,高学历人口在精神收益方面的工作价值及生活满意度均显著,而前者仅表现为生活满意度显著;相比较于物质收益而言,高学历人口精神收益的影响依然小于物质收益,说明物质收益依然重要;精神收益对高学历人口迁居的作用具有城市和性别异质性,即在副省级以上城市和男性中精神收益对迁居的作用均大于中小城市和女性高学历人口迁居的作用。通过对精神收益的理论和实证分析,能够更加全面地揭示高学历人口迁居的影响因素,对于各城市合理的引才留才具有一定的政策启示意义。
In order to comprehensively explore the motivation and influencing factors of the migrating relocation of the highly educated population, this article conducts theoretical and empirical analysis on the influencing factors of the highly educated population based on the China labor-force dynamics survey(CLDS) of Sun Yat-sen University. The research shows that: among influencing factors of the highly educated population, mental gains have a significant impact, indicating that mental gains play an important role in the migrating relocation of the highly educated population; compared with the generally educated population, the highly educated population has significant work value and life satisfaction in terms of mental gains, while the former only shows significant life satisfaction; compared with material gains, the influence of mental gains of the highly educated population is still smaller than that of material gains of the highly educated population, which indicates that material gains are still important; the effect of mental gains on the migrating relocation of the highly educated population is of urban and gender heterogeneity, that is to say that the effect of mental gains on the migrating relocation of the highly educated population in cities at or above sub-provincial level and among male is greater than that in small-medium cities and female. Through the theoretical and empirical analysis of mental gains, we can more comprehensively reveal the influencing factors of the migrating relocation of the highly educated population, which has certain policy suggestion and significance for the reasonable talent attraction and retention in various cities.
In order to comprehensively explore the motivation and influencing factors of the migrating relocation of the highly educated population, this article conducts theoretical and empirical analysis on the influencing factors of the highly educated population based on the China labor-force dynamics survey(CLDS) of Sun Yat-sen University. The research shows that: among influencing factors of the highly educated population, mental gains have a significant impact, indicating that mental gains play an important role in the migrating relocation of the highly educated population; compared with the generally educated population, the highly educated population has significant work value and life satisfaction in terms of mental gains, while the former only shows significant life satisfaction; compared with material gains, the influence of mental gains of the highly educated population is still smaller than that of material gains of the highly educated population, which indicates that material gains are still important; the effect of mental gains on the migrating relocation of the highly educated population is of urban and gender heterogeneity, that is to say that the effect of mental gains on the migrating relocation of the highly educated population in cities at or above sub-provincial level and among male is greater than that in small-medium cities and female. Through the theoretical and empirical analysis of mental gains, we can more comprehensively reveal the influencing factors of the migrating relocation of the highly educated population, which has certain policy suggestion and significance for the reasonable talent attraction and retention in various cities.
引文
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[19]童玉芬,刘晖.京津冀高学历人口的空间集聚及影响因素分析[J].人口学刊,2018(3):5-17.
[20]VAN DEN BOSCH R, TARIS T W. Authenticity at work:development and validation of an individual authenticity measure at work[J]. Journal of happiness studies, 2014(1):1–18.
[21]尹志超,甘犁.非货币收益、工资差异和教育回报[J].经济学报,2014(3):107-121.
[22]盛亦男.流动人口居留意愿的梯度变动与影响机制[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(1):128-136.
[23]蔚志新.分地区流动人口居留意愿影响因素比较研究——基于全国5城市流动人口动态监测调查数据[J].人口与经济,2013(4):12-20.
[24]童玉芬,王莹莹.中国流动人口的选择:为何北上广如此受青睐?——基于个体成本收益分析[J].人口研究,2015(4):49-56.
[25]高歌,张明芝.多分类有序反应变量Logistic回归及其应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2003(10):1237-1241.
(1)精神成本与精神收益相对是指某个行为给个体带来物质性成本以外的精神负担,是一种无形成本。
(1)篇幅所限,稳健性的所有回归结果在此省略,感兴趣可向作者索取。
[2]HOTI and AVDULLAH. Determinants of emigration and its economic consequences:evidence from Kosova[J]. Southeast European and Black Sea studies, 2009, 9(4):435-458.
[3]MUSTERD S and MURIE A. Making competitive cities[M]. Pathways Actors and Policies. London:Blackwell,2009.
[4]纪建悦,朱彦滨.基于面板数据的我国科技人才流动动因研究[J].人口与经济,2008(5):32-37.
[5]MUSTERD S, BONTJE M and ROUWENDAL J(eds).Skills and cities[M]. New York:Routledge,2016.
[6]GLAESER EL.Review of richard florida’s the rise of the creative class[J]. Regional science and urban economics,2005, 35(5):593–596.
[7]赵志涛.人才流动中的非经济因素分析[J].科技进步与对策,2001(8):110-111.
[8]FLORIDA R. Cities and the creative class[M]. New York:Routledge,2005.
[9]DAHL M S, SORENSON O. The migration of technical workers[J]. Journal of urban economics, 2010, 67(1):33–45.
[10]MIGU LEZ E, MORENO R. What attracts knowledge workers? The role of space and social networks[J]. Journal of regional science, 2014, 54(1):33–60.
[11]AZOULAY P, GANGULI I, ZIVIN J G. The mobility of elite life scientists:professional and personal determinants[J]. Research policy, 2017, 46(3):573–590.
[12]何洁,王灏晨,郑晓瑛.高校科技人才流动意愿现况及相关因素分析[J].人口与发展,2014(3):24-32+42.
[13]马志敏.山西省科技人才流动意愿的影响因素——基于层次分析法的实证研究[J].调研世界,2018(11):46-51.
[14]FALCK O, LAMELI A, RUHOSE J. Cultural biases in migration:estimating non-monetary migration costs[J]. Papers in regional science, 2018, 97(2):411–438.
[15]MASLOW, A. A theory of human motivation[J]. Psychological review, 1943(50):370-396.
[16]李实,丁赛.中国城镇教育收益率的长期变动趋势[J].中国社会科学,2003(6):58-72+206.
[17]杨蕙馨,王海兵.中国教育收益率:1989-2011[J].南方经济,2015(6):1-18.
[18]卢岷君,周亮文.从人才心理需求谈高校图书馆人才培养策略[J].漯河职业技术学院学报,2011(6):171-172.
[19]童玉芬,刘晖.京津冀高学历人口的空间集聚及影响因素分析[J].人口学刊,2018(3):5-17.
[20]VAN DEN BOSCH R, TARIS T W. Authenticity at work:development and validation of an individual authenticity measure at work[J]. Journal of happiness studies, 2014(1):1–18.
[21]尹志超,甘犁.非货币收益、工资差异和教育回报[J].经济学报,2014(3):107-121.
[22]盛亦男.流动人口居留意愿的梯度变动与影响机制[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(1):128-136.
[23]蔚志新.分地区流动人口居留意愿影响因素比较研究——基于全国5城市流动人口动态监测调查数据[J].人口与经济,2013(4):12-20.
[24]童玉芬,王莹莹.中国流动人口的选择:为何北上广如此受青睐?——基于个体成本收益分析[J].人口研究,2015(4):49-56.
[25]高歌,张明芝.多分类有序反应变量Logistic回归及其应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2003(10):1237-1241.
(1)精神成本与精神收益相对是指某个行为给个体带来物质性成本以外的精神负担,是一种无形成本。
(1)篇幅所限,稳健性的所有回归结果在此省略,感兴趣可向作者索取。
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