邢台沙河市冬季大气污染特征与潜在源区分析
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摘要
为了解邢台沙河市冬季大气污染特征,选取2017年12月至2018年2月沙河市区3个省控站点(司法局、市政府、宣传中心)的逐时监测数据,分析了沙河市主要污染物的时空分布特征和潜在源区。污染物浓度特征分析表明:整个冬季司法局、市政府和宣传中心站点的细颗粒物(PM2.5)平均浓度分别为118.0μg/m3、121μg/m3和135μg/m3。在大气自然活动和人为污染排放的共同作用下,PM10、PM2.5、SO_2、NO_2和CO均有明显的日变化特征。整个冬季沙河市的ρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10)、ρ(SO_2)/ρ(NO_2)均值分别为0.57和1.05(ρ为各物质的浓度)。且随着污染加重,ρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10)、ρ(SO_2)/ρ(NO_2)均明显升高,表明燃煤贡献增加;污染物空间分布特征分析表明:位于3个站点东北处的玻璃企业产生的污染物可能对监测站点造成了一定影响。污染物空间差异分析表明,区域污染范围越大、强度越高,大气污染的空间差异性越小;潜在源分析表明:沙河市PM2.5的强潜在源区分布在其周边区域,随着PM2.5浓度增加,强潜在源区呈缩小趋势。沙河市东南部的本地源对PM2.5浓度有主要贡献,而此处正是玻璃企业的聚集地。
To study the air pollution characteristics in Shahe, Xingtai, Hebei Province in the winter, the air monitoring data collected at three monitoring sites from December 2017 to February 2018 are analyzed. Spatial and temporal characteristics and potential sources of major pollutants in Shahe are analyzed. The study reveals that the average mass concentrations of PM2.5 in the sites of Sifaju, Shizhengfu, and Xuanchuanzhongxin stations are 118.0, 121, and 135 μg/m~3,respectively. Under the joint effects of natural and anthropogenic emissions, the major pollutants display an obvious diurnal variation. Over the whole campaign period, mean values of ρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10) and ρ(SO_2)/ρ(NO_2) are 0.57 and1.05(ρ is pollutant concentration), respectively. With the aggravation of air pollution, both ρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10) and ρ(SO_2)/ρ(NO_2) raise sharply, which demonstrate the increase in coal combustion. Analyses of spatial characteristics of pollutants illustrate that pollutants produced by glass enterprises located to the northeast of the three sites may have an impact on the monitoring sites. Analyses of spatial variation of air pollution reveal that the more severe the pollution, the smaller the spatial difference. For Shahe, local and surrounding cities are strong potential sources of PM2.5.With increases in PM2.5 concentration, the areas of strong PM2.5 source shrink. It is also found that local emission sources in southeastern Shahe,where most of glass factories are located, make a major contribution to high PM2.5 concentration in Shahe.
To study the air pollution characteristics in Shahe, Xingtai, Hebei Province in the winter, the air monitoring data collected at three monitoring sites from December 2017 to February 2018 are analyzed. Spatial and temporal characteristics and potential sources of major pollutants in Shahe are analyzed. The study reveals that the average mass concentrations of PM2.5 in the sites of Sifaju, Shizhengfu, and Xuanchuanzhongxin stations are 118.0, 121, and 135 μg/m~3,respectively. Under the joint effects of natural and anthropogenic emissions, the major pollutants display an obvious diurnal variation. Over the whole campaign period, mean values of ρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10) and ρ(SO_2)/ρ(NO_2) are 0.57 and1.05(ρ is pollutant concentration), respectively. With the aggravation of air pollution, both ρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10) and ρ(SO_2)/ρ(NO_2) raise sharply, which demonstrate the increase in coal combustion. Analyses of spatial characteristics of pollutants illustrate that pollutants produced by glass enterprises located to the northeast of the three sites may have an impact on the monitoring sites. Analyses of spatial variation of air pollution reveal that the more severe the pollution, the smaller the spatial difference. For Shahe, local and surrounding cities are strong potential sources of PM2.5.With increases in PM2.5 concentration, the areas of strong PM2.5 source shrink. It is also found that local emission sources in southeastern Shahe,where most of glass factories are located, make a major contribution to high PM2.5 concentration in Shahe.
引文
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贺泓,王新明,王跃思,等.2013.大气灰霾追因与控制[J].中国科学院院刊,28(3):344-352.He Hong,Wang Xinming,Wang Yuesi,et al.2013.Formation mechanism and control strategies of haze in China[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese),28(3):344-352.
Hopke P K,Barrie L A,Li S M,et al.1995.Possible sources and preferred pathways for biogenic and non-sea-salt sulfur for the high Arctic[J].J.Geophys.Res.,100(D8):16595-16603.doi:10.1029/95JD01712
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贾梦唯,赵天良,张祥志,等.2016.南京主要大气污染物季节变化及相关气象分析[J].中国环境科学,36(9):2567-2577.Jia Mengwei,Zhao Tianliang,Zhang Xiangzhi,et al.2016.Seasonal variations in major air pollutants in Nanjing and their meteorological correlation analyses[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),36(9):2567-2577.
Li Y,Chen Q L,Zhao H J,et al.2015.Variations in PM10,PM2.5 and PM1.0 in an urban area of the Sichuan basin and their relation to meteorological factors[J].Atmosphere,6(1):150-163.doi:10.3390/atmos6010150
刘卫,马笑,王丽涛,等.2017.邯郸市大气PM2.5成分空间分布研究[J].环境工程,35(10):105-109,60.Liu Wei,Ma Xiao,Wang Litao,et al.2017.Analysis of the space distribution of composition of PM2.5 in Handan[J].Environmental Engineering(in Chinese),35(10):105-109,60.doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.201710022
刘希文,徐晓斌,赵花荣,等.2014.北京及周边地区3个典型站点NOx和CO的变化特征[J].安全与环境学报,14(6):252-257.Liu Xiwen,Xu Xiaobin,Zhao Huarong,et al.2014.Changing characteristics of NOxand CO emission on the three sites in Beijing and its surrounding areas[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(in Chinese),14(6):252-257.doi:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2014.06.056
Meng C C,Wang L T,Zhang F F,et al.2016.Characteristics of concentrations and water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 in Handan City,Hebei Province,China[J].Atmospheric Research,171:133-146.doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.12.013
孟晓艳,王普才,王庚辰,等.2009.北京及其周边地区冬季SO2的变化与输送特征[J].气候与环境研究,14(3):309-317.Meng Xiaoyan,Wang Pucai,Wang Gengchen,et al.2009.Variation and transportation characteristics of SO2in winter over Beijing and its surrounding areas[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),14(3):309-317.doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2009.03.08
Park S S,Kim Y J.2004.PM2.5 particles and size-segregated ionic species measured during fall season in three urban sites in Korea[J].Atmos.Environ.,38(10):1459-1471.doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.12.004
Qi J,Zheng B,Li M,et al.2017.A high-resolution air pollutants emission inventory in 2013 for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,China[J].Atmos.Environ.,170:156-168.doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.039
Qin K,Wang L Y,Wu L X,et al.2017.A campaign for investigating aerosol optical properties during winter hazes over Shijiazhuang,China[J].Atmospheric Research,198:113-122.doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.08.018
孙业乐.2018.城市边界层理化结构与大气污染形成机制研究进展[J].科学通报,63(14):1374-1389.Sun Yele.2018.Vertical structures of physical and chemical properties of urban boundary layer and formation mechanisms of atmospheric pollution[J].Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),63(14):1374-1389.
王爱平,朱彬,银燕,等.2014.黄山顶夏季气溶胶数浓度特征及其输送潜在源区[J].中国环境科学,34(4):852-861.Wang Aiping,Zhu Bin,Yin Yan,et al.2014.Aerosol number concentration properties and potential sources areas transporting to the top of mountain Huangshan in summer[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),34(4):852-861.
Wang L T,Wei Z,Yang J,et al.2014.The 2013 severe haze over southern Hebei,China:Model evaluation,source apportionment,and policy implications[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(6):3151-3173.doi:10.5194/acp-14-3151-2014
Wang Y Q,Zhang X Y,Draxler R R.2009.TrajStat:GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data[J].Environmental Modelling and Software,24(8):938-939.doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.01.004
王自发,李杰,王哲,等.2014.2013年1月我国中东部强霾污染的数值模拟和防控对策[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(1):3-14.Wang Zifa,Li Jie,Wang Zhe,et al.2014.Modeling study of regional severe hazes over Mid-Eastern China in January 2013 and its implications on pollution prevention and control[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,57(1):3-13.doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4793-0
吴兑.2012.近十年中国灰霾天气研究综述[J].环境科学学报,32(2):257-269.Wu D.2012.Hazy weather research in China in the last decade:A review[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(in Chinese),32(2):257-269.doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2012.02.011
许波,张英杰,吴序鹏,等.2017.2016年夏季淮安市大气污染特征及成因分析[J].科学技术与工程,17(27):316-321.Xu Bo,Zhang Yingjie,Wu Xupeng,et al.2017.Characteristics and causes of air pollution in Huai’an city in the summertime of 2016[J].Science Technology and Engineering(in Chinese),17(27):316-321.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2017.27.052
徐鹏,郝庆菊,吉东生,等.2014.重庆市北碚城区大气污染物浓度变化特征观测研究[J].环境科学,35(3):820-829.Xu Peng,Hao Qingju,Ji Dongsheng,et al.2014.Observation of atmospheric pollutants in the urban area of Beibei District,Chongqing[J].Environmental Science(in Chinese),35(3):820-829.doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.03.003
Xu X,Akhtar U S.2010.Identification of potential regional sources of atmospheric total gaseous mercury in Windsor,Ontario,Canada using hybrid receptor modeling[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,10(15):7073-7083.doi:10.5194/acp-10-7073-2010
许亚宣,李小敏,于华通,等.2015.邯郸市大气复合污染特征的监测研究[J].环境科学学报,35(9):2710-2722.Xu Yaxuan,Li Xiaomin,Yu Huatong,et al.2015.Characteristics of air pollution complex in Handan[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(in Chinese),35(9):2710-2722.doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2014.1064
张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.2013.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J].科学通报,58(13):1178-1187.Zhang X Y,Sun J Y,Wang Y Q,et al.2013.Factors contributing to haze and fog in China[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese),58(13):1178-1187.
Zhang Y H,Su H,Zhong L J,et al.2008.Regional ozone pollution and observation-based approach for analyzing ozone-precursor relationship during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign[J].Atmos.Environ.,42(25):6203-6218.doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.002
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