钱塘江水系兰溪段鱼类资源现状
|
摘要
2016年3月—2017年11月,对钱塘江水系兰溪段的鱼类资源进行逐季度采样调查,对该水域鱼类种类组成、生态类型、优势种、多样性指数、群落结构、ABC曲线和捕获情况进行了分析。试验结果显示,共采集鱼类59种,隶属5目13科44属,其中,鲤科鱼类种类最多(67.8%);优势种为鲤鱼和似鳊;生态类型以中小型、杂食性、底层性鱼类为主;Margalef丰富度指数呈先增后减的趋势,2016年的Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均呈逐渐减小的趋势,而2017年这3个指数除9月份最小外,其他月份变化差异不显著;鱼类群落结构季节变化差异显著,但处于稳定状态;鱼类资源严重小型化。
Fish species composition, ecological guilds, dominant species, diversity index, community structure, ABC curve and catch were monthly analyzed in Lanxi section of Qiantang River drainage from March 2016 to November 2017. A total of 59 species were found, belonging to 5 orders, 13 families, and 44 genera, with the most species in Cyprinidae, accounting for 67.8% of the total species number, mainly small and medium-sized omnivorous bottom fish. Common carp Cyprinus carpio and Pseudobrama simoni were the dominant species, and the small, omnivorous, and benthic fishes were the primarily ecological types. Margalef′s diversity index was shown to be increased and then to be decreasesd. There was gradually decrease in Simpson diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou diversity index in 2016, without significant difference in the three indices in 2017, except for the minimum in September. Fishes community structure was varied significantly, with stable condition, and severe miniaturization of fish stocks.
Fish species composition, ecological guilds, dominant species, diversity index, community structure, ABC curve and catch were monthly analyzed in Lanxi section of Qiantang River drainage from March 2016 to November 2017. A total of 59 species were found, belonging to 5 orders, 13 families, and 44 genera, with the most species in Cyprinidae, accounting for 67.8% of the total species number, mainly small and medium-sized omnivorous bottom fish. Common carp Cyprinus carpio and Pseudobrama simoni were the dominant species, and the small, omnivorous, and benthic fishes were the primarily ecological types. Margalef′s diversity index was shown to be increased and then to be decreasesd. There was gradually decrease in Simpson diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou diversity index in 2016, without significant difference in the three indices in 2017, except for the minimum in September. Fishes community structure was varied significantly, with stable condition, and severe miniaturization of fish stocks.
引文
[1] 胡一中,邵晨.金华江鱼类区系和资源状况初步调查[J].金华职业技术学院学报,2005,5(1):27-30.
[2] 冯利华.浙江洪水的主要特征分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(2):89-92.
[3] 毛节荣.杭州钱塘江鱼类的调查[J].浙江大学学报,1959(2):25-43.
[4] 吴成根.富春江水库渔业资源现状及增殖意见[J].淡水渔业,1983(5):42-44.
[5] 夏文才,谢雷宁,童勇义,等.钱塘江下游主要经济鱼类和饵料生物资源的调查研究[J].水生态学杂志,1989(2):32-34.
[6] 葛亚非.钱塘江中下游鱼类资源及其增殖途径[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(2):164-168.
[7] 郝雅宾,刘金殿,郭爱环,等.钱塘江富阳段鱼类资源现状[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(3):45-51.
[8] 郝雅宾,刘金殿,张爱菊,等.钱塘江下游江段鱼类资源现状[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(10):1620-1629.
[9] 林衍峰.新安江上游渔业资源变迁与保护[J].中国水产,2006(1):81-82.
[10] 贾海滨,黄富友,邵晓阳,等.钱塘江上游昌化溪鱼类多样性的时空格局[J].杭州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,9(3):185-190.
[11] Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters [J].California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin,1971(152):1-105.
[12] 张建禄,边坤,靳铁治,等.秦岭黑河流域鱼类资源现状调查[J].淡水渔业,2016,46(1):103-108.
[13] Wilhm J L.Use of biomass units in Shannon′s formula [J].Ecology,1968,49(1):153-156.
[14] Shannon C E.The mathematical theory of communication [M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1963:1-65.
[15] Pielou E C.The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collection [J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1967,15(1):131-144.
[16] Margalef R.Information theory in ecology [J].General Systems,1958(3):36-71.
[17] Ludwig J A,Reynolds J F.Statistical Ecology,a primer on methods and computing [J].Journal of Wildlife Management,1988,54(1):197.
[18] Brazner J C,Beals E W.Patterns in fish assemblages from coastal wetland and beach habitats in Green Bay,Lake Michigan:a multivariate analysis of abiotic and biotic forcing factors [J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences,1997,54(8):1743-1761.
[19] Clarke K R,Warwick R M.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation [M].2nd ed.Plymouth:PRIMPER-E Ltd,2001.
[20] Blanchard F,Leloc′H F,Hily C,et al.Fishing effects on diversity,size and community structure of the benthic invertebrate and fish megafauna on the Bay of Biscay coast of France [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2004,280(4):245-251.
[21] 李圣法.以数量生物量比较曲线评价东海鱼类群落的状况[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(1):136-144.
[22] 浙江动物志编辑委员会.浙江动物志淡水鱼类[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1991:9-18.
[23] 陈海荣,朱利中,杨坤,等.钱塘江水系中酚类化合物的浓度水平及污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(6):729-732.
[24] 王广银.楠溪江鱼类资源调查、评估及香鱼群体遗传多样性研究[D].温州:温州医学院,2011.
[25] 练青平,原居林,张爱菊,等.瓯江干流丽水段渔业资源的初步研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(2):351-357.
[26] 原居林,练青平,王凯伟,等.瓯江干流丽水段渔业资源群落结构的季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(8):1585-1590.
[27] 陈锋,赵先富,赵进勇,等.瓯江鱼类资源调查及保护对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(8):934-941.
[28] 李凯,范正利,刘志坚,等.瓯江干流温州段鱼类群落结构的季节变化[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2017,36(1):9-13.
[29] 黄亮亮,李建华,邹丽敏,等.东苕溪中下游河岸类型对鱼类多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3415-3423.
[30] 黄亮亮,李建华,鹿野雄一,等.东苕溪中下游内河航运对鱼类群落的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(5):30-37.
[31] 黄亮亮,李建华,蒋科,等.东苕溪鱼类组成及其分布特征[G]// 湖北省动物学会,湖南省动物学会.第七届湘、鄂、赣、粤、桂五省动物学学术研讨会论文集.武汉:湖北省动物学会,湖南省动物学会,2012:60.
[32] 叶健亨,陈骁,陈浩,等.浙南典型通海流域鳌江干流及河口近海鱼类多样性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(31):109-114.
[33] 茹辉军,王海军,赵伟华,等.黄河干流鱼类群落特征及其历史变化[J].生物多样性,2010,18(2):179-186.
[34] 张晓可,于道平,王慧丽,等.长江安庆段江豚主要栖息地鱼类群落结构[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1832-1839.
[35] 邵晓阳,黎道丰,蔡庆华.香溪河鱼类群落组成及资源评价[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(1):70-74.
[36] Wang Y G,Ye Y,Milton D A.Efficient designs for sampling and subsampling in fisheries research based on ranked sets [J].J Mar Sci,2009(66):928-934.
[37] Kadye W T,Magadza C H D,Moyo N A G,et al.Stream fish assemblages in relation to environmental factors on a montane plateau (Nyika Plateau,Malawi) [J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2008,83(4):417-428.
[38] 刘斌,张远,渠晓东,等.辽河干流自然保护区鱼类群落结构及其多样性变化[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(3):49-55.
[39] 王崇,谢山,谢文星,等.红水河干流梯级运行后鱼类资源调查[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(2):30-36.
[40] 杨峰,姚维志,邓华堂,等.三峡库区蓄水后大宁河鱼类资源现状研究[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(4):51-57.
[41] 谭刚,孙治宇,符建荣,等.青衣江上游鱼类资源现状和保护[J].水产科学,2017,36(4):504-508.
[2] 冯利华.浙江洪水的主要特征分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(2):89-92.
[3] 毛节荣.杭州钱塘江鱼类的调查[J].浙江大学学报,1959(2):25-43.
[4] 吴成根.富春江水库渔业资源现状及增殖意见[J].淡水渔业,1983(5):42-44.
[5] 夏文才,谢雷宁,童勇义,等.钱塘江下游主要经济鱼类和饵料生物资源的调查研究[J].水生态学杂志,1989(2):32-34.
[6] 葛亚非.钱塘江中下游鱼类资源及其增殖途径[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(2):164-168.
[7] 郝雅宾,刘金殿,郭爱环,等.钱塘江富阳段鱼类资源现状[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(3):45-51.
[8] 郝雅宾,刘金殿,张爱菊,等.钱塘江下游江段鱼类资源现状[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(10):1620-1629.
[9] 林衍峰.新安江上游渔业资源变迁与保护[J].中国水产,2006(1):81-82.
[10] 贾海滨,黄富友,邵晓阳,等.钱塘江上游昌化溪鱼类多样性的时空格局[J].杭州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,9(3):185-190.
[11] Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters [J].California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin,1971(152):1-105.
[12] 张建禄,边坤,靳铁治,等.秦岭黑河流域鱼类资源现状调查[J].淡水渔业,2016,46(1):103-108.
[13] Wilhm J L.Use of biomass units in Shannon′s formula [J].Ecology,1968,49(1):153-156.
[14] Shannon C E.The mathematical theory of communication [M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1963:1-65.
[15] Pielou E C.The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collection [J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1967,15(1):131-144.
[16] Margalef R.Information theory in ecology [J].General Systems,1958(3):36-71.
[17] Ludwig J A,Reynolds J F.Statistical Ecology,a primer on methods and computing [J].Journal of Wildlife Management,1988,54(1):197.
[18] Brazner J C,Beals E W.Patterns in fish assemblages from coastal wetland and beach habitats in Green Bay,Lake Michigan:a multivariate analysis of abiotic and biotic forcing factors [J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences,1997,54(8):1743-1761.
[19] Clarke K R,Warwick R M.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation [M].2nd ed.Plymouth:PRIMPER-E Ltd,2001.
[20] Blanchard F,Leloc′H F,Hily C,et al.Fishing effects on diversity,size and community structure of the benthic invertebrate and fish megafauna on the Bay of Biscay coast of France [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2004,280(4):245-251.
[21] 李圣法.以数量生物量比较曲线评价东海鱼类群落的状况[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(1):136-144.
[22] 浙江动物志编辑委员会.浙江动物志淡水鱼类[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1991:9-18.
[23] 陈海荣,朱利中,杨坤,等.钱塘江水系中酚类化合物的浓度水平及污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(6):729-732.
[24] 王广银.楠溪江鱼类资源调查、评估及香鱼群体遗传多样性研究[D].温州:温州医学院,2011.
[25] 练青平,原居林,张爱菊,等.瓯江干流丽水段渔业资源的初步研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(2):351-357.
[26] 原居林,练青平,王凯伟,等.瓯江干流丽水段渔业资源群落结构的季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(8):1585-1590.
[27] 陈锋,赵先富,赵进勇,等.瓯江鱼类资源调查及保护对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(8):934-941.
[28] 李凯,范正利,刘志坚,等.瓯江干流温州段鱼类群落结构的季节变化[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2017,36(1):9-13.
[29] 黄亮亮,李建华,邹丽敏,等.东苕溪中下游河岸类型对鱼类多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3415-3423.
[30] 黄亮亮,李建华,鹿野雄一,等.东苕溪中下游内河航运对鱼类群落的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(5):30-37.
[31] 黄亮亮,李建华,蒋科,等.东苕溪鱼类组成及其分布特征[G]// 湖北省动物学会,湖南省动物学会.第七届湘、鄂、赣、粤、桂五省动物学学术研讨会论文集.武汉:湖北省动物学会,湖南省动物学会,2012:60.
[32] 叶健亨,陈骁,陈浩,等.浙南典型通海流域鳌江干流及河口近海鱼类多样性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(31):109-114.
[33] 茹辉军,王海军,赵伟华,等.黄河干流鱼类群落特征及其历史变化[J].生物多样性,2010,18(2):179-186.
[34] 张晓可,于道平,王慧丽,等.长江安庆段江豚主要栖息地鱼类群落结构[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1832-1839.
[35] 邵晓阳,黎道丰,蔡庆华.香溪河鱼类群落组成及资源评价[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(1):70-74.
[36] Wang Y G,Ye Y,Milton D A.Efficient designs for sampling and subsampling in fisheries research based on ranked sets [J].J Mar Sci,2009(66):928-934.
[37] Kadye W T,Magadza C H D,Moyo N A G,et al.Stream fish assemblages in relation to environmental factors on a montane plateau (Nyika Plateau,Malawi) [J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2008,83(4):417-428.
[38] 刘斌,张远,渠晓东,等.辽河干流自然保护区鱼类群落结构及其多样性变化[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(3):49-55.
[39] 王崇,谢山,谢文星,等.红水河干流梯级运行后鱼类资源调查[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(2):30-36.
[40] 杨峰,姚维志,邓华堂,等.三峡库区蓄水后大宁河鱼类资源现状研究[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(4):51-57.
[41] 谭刚,孙治宇,符建荣,等.青衣江上游鱼类资源现状和保护[J].水产科学,2017,36(4):504-508.