普洱茶种植对滇南红壤大孔隙的影响
|
摘要
为探讨滇南典型红壤下普洱茶种植对土壤大孔隙的影响,以灌草地和茶地为研究对象,采用染色示踪法观察土壤剖面,运用Photoshop CS 5、Image pro Plus 6.0软件进行图像处理,利用土壤水分穿透曲线和Poiseulle方程研究了该地区的大孔隙特征。结果表明:茶地在耕作层大面积染色中,染色深度可达土层40 cm深度,灌草地于土层2.8 cm深度开始出现大孔隙流,灌草地比茶地更易发生大孔隙流;样地大孔隙主要集中在当量孔径0.4～2.5mm,其中茶地和灌草地当量孔径0.4～1.0 mm大孔隙密度分别占95.2%和95.5%,当量孔径>1 mm的大孔隙密度较低,且灌草地大于茶地;大孔隙密度分布为10～20 cm土层最高,随着土层深度增加依次递减,整体上土壤大孔隙密度关系为灌草地>茶地;土壤大孔隙不同当量孔径密度和染色面积比与土壤饱和导水率呈现显著性相关关系,当量孔径>1mm的大孔隙仅占4.61%,但控制了饱和导水率90.8%的变异。茶地相较于灌草地土壤结构遭到破坏,水分向下运移速率慢,渗透量减小,致使水土流失加重。
In order to study the effect of planting Pu'er tea on macropores in the typical red soil in South of Yunnan, an experiment was conducted in shrub-grassland and tea land, staining tracer was used to observe soil profiles, Photoshop CS5 and Image Pro Plus were used to edit images of dyed soil profiles, then penetration curves of soil moisture and Poiseulle equation were used to study the characteristics of soil macropores. The results showed that the tea land was dyed in large area in plough layer, the dyeing depth was up to 40 cm. Macropore flow appeared since 2.8 cm depth in shrub-grassland. Macropore flow happened more easily and frequently in shrub-grassland than in tea land. Macropores were mainly concentrated in width of 0.4 – 2.5 mm, and 0.4 –1.0 mm macropores of tea and shrub-grass lands accounted for 95.2% and 95.5%, respectively. >1 mm macropores were less, and more easily found in shrub-grassland. Macropores mainly appeared in depth of 10 – 20 cm, and decreased with the increase of soil depth. Macropore density was higher in shrub-grassland than in tea land. Soil hydraulic conductivity significantly correlated with equivalent diameter densities of soil macropores and dyeing area. >1 mm micropores only accounted for 4.61% in area but controlled90.8% variation of hydraulic conductivity. Compared with shrub-grassland, soil structure was damaged in tea land, where water moved down slowly and infiltration capacity was decreased, thus, aggravated soil erosion.
In order to study the effect of planting Pu'er tea on macropores in the typical red soil in South of Yunnan, an experiment was conducted in shrub-grassland and tea land, staining tracer was used to observe soil profiles, Photoshop CS5 and Image Pro Plus were used to edit images of dyed soil profiles, then penetration curves of soil moisture and Poiseulle equation were used to study the characteristics of soil macropores. The results showed that the tea land was dyed in large area in plough layer, the dyeing depth was up to 40 cm. Macropore flow appeared since 2.8 cm depth in shrub-grassland. Macropore flow happened more easily and frequently in shrub-grassland than in tea land. Macropores were mainly concentrated in width of 0.4 – 2.5 mm, and 0.4 –1.0 mm macropores of tea and shrub-grass lands accounted for 95.2% and 95.5%, respectively. >1 mm macropores were less, and more easily found in shrub-grassland. Macropores mainly appeared in depth of 10 – 20 cm, and decreased with the increase of soil depth. Macropore density was higher in shrub-grassland than in tea land. Soil hydraulic conductivity significantly correlated with equivalent diameter densities of soil macropores and dyeing area. >1 mm micropores only accounted for 4.61% in area but controlled90.8% variation of hydraulic conductivity. Compared with shrub-grassland, soil structure was damaged in tea land, where water moved down slowly and infiltration capacity was decreased, thus, aggravated soil erosion.
引文
[1] Buczko U, Bens O, Hüttl R F. Tillage effects on hydraulic properties and macroporosity in silty and sandy soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2006, 70(6):1998-2007
[2] Bodhinayake W, Si B C, Noborio K. Determination of hydraulic properties in sloping landscapes from tension and double-ring infiltrometers[J]. Vadose Zone Journal, 2004,3(3):964-970
[3]王伟.三峡库区紫色砂岩林地土壤大孔隙流特征及其形成机理[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2011
[4]吴丹.三峡库区森林土壤大孔隙成因及其水分黄土塬区土地利用传导功能研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学, 2016
[5]高朝侠,徐学选,宇苗子,等.黄土塬区土地利用方式对土壤大孔隙特征的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2014, 25(6):1578-1584
[6] Reichenberger S, Amelung W, Laabs V, et al. Pesticide displacement along preferential flow pathways in a Brazilian Oxisol[J]. Geoderma, 2002, 110(1/2):63-86
[7]王晓星.土壤大孔隙特征以及对土壤中溶质迁移影响的研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2013
[8]王彬俨.北京昌平区农地土壤优先路径特征及其对硝态氮运移的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2013
[9]陆斌,张胜利,李侃,等.秦岭火地塘林区土壤大孔隙分布特征及对导水性能的影响[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(6):1512-1519
[10] Watson K W, Luxmoore R J. Estimating macroporosity in a forest watershed by use of a tension infiltrometer[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1986, 50(3):578-582
[11] Hayashi Y, Ken’Ichirou K, Mizuyama T. Changes in pore size distribution and hydraulic properties of forest soil resulting from structural development[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006, 331(1/2):85-102
[12]刘目兴,吴丹,吴四平,等.三峡库区森林土壤大孔隙特征及对饱和导水率的影响[J].生态学报, 2016, 36(11):3189-3196
[13] Moran C J, Mcbratney A B, Koppi A J. A rapid method for analysis of soil macropore structure. I. Specimen preparation and digital binary image production[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1989, 53(3):921-928
[14]刘勇,胡霞,李宗超,等.基于CT的青海湖流域芨芨草草地土壤大孔隙特征分析[J].土壤, 2017, 49(1):184-188
[15]陈晓冰,程金花,陈引珍,等.基于林分空间结构分析方法的土壤大孔隙空间结构研究[J].农业机械学报,2015, 46(11):174-186
[16] Thomas G W, Phillips R E. Consequences of water movement in macropores[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1979, 8(2):149-152
[17] Beven K, Germann P. Macropores and water flow in soils[J]. Water Resources Research, 1982, 18(5):1311-1325
[18]刘世荣.森林土壤大孔隙特征及其生态水文学意义[J].山地学报, 2005, 23(5):533-539
[19]陆斌.秦岭火地塘林区土壤大孔隙分布特征及其水文效应[D].西北农林科技大学, 2013.
[20] Goulding K W T, Poulton P R, Webster C P, et al. Nitrate leaching from the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment,Rothamsted, UK, as influenced by fertilizer and manure inputs and the weather[J]. Soil Use&Management, 2010,16(4):244-250
[21]刘目兴,杜文正.山地土壤优先流路径的染色示踪研究[J].土壤学报, 2013, 50(5):871-880
[22] Baveye P C, Laba M, Otten W, et al. Observer-dependent variability of the thresholding step in the quantitative analysis of soil images and X-ray microtomography data[J].Geoderma, 2010, 157(1):51-63
[23]王伟,张洪江,程金花,等.四面山阔叶林土壤大孔隙特征与优先流的关系[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 21(5):1217-1223
[24]阮芯竹,程金花,张洪江,等.重庆四面山不同林地土壤大孔隙特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报, 2015(3):68-74
[25]杜文正.长江三峡森林土壤大孔隙特征及其优先流效应研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学, 2014
[26]封槐松. 2014年全国茶园面积、产量、产值统计[J].茶叶科学, 2015(5):396-396
[27]陈小英,查轩,陈世发.山地茶园水土流失及生态调控措施研究[J].水土保持研究, 2009, 16(1):51-54
[28]张丽萍,陈儒章,邬燕虹,等.风化花岗岩坡地土壤剖面大孔隙特性的空间分布[J].土壤学报, 2018, 55(3):620-632
[29]中科院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1978
[30]时忠杰,王彦辉,徐丽宏,等.六盘山典型植被下土壤大孔隙特征[J].应用生态学报, 2007, 18(12):2675-2680
[31]邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006
[32]陈晓冰.重庆四面山四种土地利用类型土壤大孔隙流特征研究[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2016
[33]田香姣,程金花,杜士才,等.重庆四面山草地土壤大孔隙的数量和形态特征研究[J].水土保持学报, 2014,28(2):292-296
[34]时忠杰,王彦辉,徐丽宏,等.六盘山典型植被下土壤大孔隙特征[J].应用生态学报, 2007, 18(12):2675-2680
[2] Bodhinayake W, Si B C, Noborio K. Determination of hydraulic properties in sloping landscapes from tension and double-ring infiltrometers[J]. Vadose Zone Journal, 2004,3(3):964-970
[3]王伟.三峡库区紫色砂岩林地土壤大孔隙流特征及其形成机理[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2011
[4]吴丹.三峡库区森林土壤大孔隙成因及其水分黄土塬区土地利用传导功能研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学, 2016
[5]高朝侠,徐学选,宇苗子,等.黄土塬区土地利用方式对土壤大孔隙特征的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2014, 25(6):1578-1584
[6] Reichenberger S, Amelung W, Laabs V, et al. Pesticide displacement along preferential flow pathways in a Brazilian Oxisol[J]. Geoderma, 2002, 110(1/2):63-86
[7]王晓星.土壤大孔隙特征以及对土壤中溶质迁移影响的研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2013
[8]王彬俨.北京昌平区农地土壤优先路径特征及其对硝态氮运移的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2013
[9]陆斌,张胜利,李侃,等.秦岭火地塘林区土壤大孔隙分布特征及对导水性能的影响[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(6):1512-1519
[10] Watson K W, Luxmoore R J. Estimating macroporosity in a forest watershed by use of a tension infiltrometer[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1986, 50(3):578-582
[11] Hayashi Y, Ken’Ichirou K, Mizuyama T. Changes in pore size distribution and hydraulic properties of forest soil resulting from structural development[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006, 331(1/2):85-102
[12]刘目兴,吴丹,吴四平,等.三峡库区森林土壤大孔隙特征及对饱和导水率的影响[J].生态学报, 2016, 36(11):3189-3196
[13] Moran C J, Mcbratney A B, Koppi A J. A rapid method for analysis of soil macropore structure. I. Specimen preparation and digital binary image production[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1989, 53(3):921-928
[14]刘勇,胡霞,李宗超,等.基于CT的青海湖流域芨芨草草地土壤大孔隙特征分析[J].土壤, 2017, 49(1):184-188
[15]陈晓冰,程金花,陈引珍,等.基于林分空间结构分析方法的土壤大孔隙空间结构研究[J].农业机械学报,2015, 46(11):174-186
[16] Thomas G W, Phillips R E. Consequences of water movement in macropores[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1979, 8(2):149-152
[17] Beven K, Germann P. Macropores and water flow in soils[J]. Water Resources Research, 1982, 18(5):1311-1325
[18]刘世荣.森林土壤大孔隙特征及其生态水文学意义[J].山地学报, 2005, 23(5):533-539
[19]陆斌.秦岭火地塘林区土壤大孔隙分布特征及其水文效应[D].西北农林科技大学, 2013.
[20] Goulding K W T, Poulton P R, Webster C P, et al. Nitrate leaching from the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment,Rothamsted, UK, as influenced by fertilizer and manure inputs and the weather[J]. Soil Use&Management, 2010,16(4):244-250
[21]刘目兴,杜文正.山地土壤优先流路径的染色示踪研究[J].土壤学报, 2013, 50(5):871-880
[22] Baveye P C, Laba M, Otten W, et al. Observer-dependent variability of the thresholding step in the quantitative analysis of soil images and X-ray microtomography data[J].Geoderma, 2010, 157(1):51-63
[23]王伟,张洪江,程金花,等.四面山阔叶林土壤大孔隙特征与优先流的关系[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 21(5):1217-1223
[24]阮芯竹,程金花,张洪江,等.重庆四面山不同林地土壤大孔隙特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报, 2015(3):68-74
[25]杜文正.长江三峡森林土壤大孔隙特征及其优先流效应研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学, 2014
[26]封槐松. 2014年全国茶园面积、产量、产值统计[J].茶叶科学, 2015(5):396-396
[27]陈小英,查轩,陈世发.山地茶园水土流失及生态调控措施研究[J].水土保持研究, 2009, 16(1):51-54
[28]张丽萍,陈儒章,邬燕虹,等.风化花岗岩坡地土壤剖面大孔隙特性的空间分布[J].土壤学报, 2018, 55(3):620-632
[29]中科院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1978
[30]时忠杰,王彦辉,徐丽宏,等.六盘山典型植被下土壤大孔隙特征[J].应用生态学报, 2007, 18(12):2675-2680
[31]邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006
[32]陈晓冰.重庆四面山四种土地利用类型土壤大孔隙流特征研究[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2016
[33]田香姣,程金花,杜士才,等.重庆四面山草地土壤大孔隙的数量和形态特征研究[J].水土保持学报, 2014,28(2):292-296
[34]时忠杰,王彦辉,徐丽宏,等.六盘山典型植被下土壤大孔隙特征[J].应用生态学报, 2007, 18(12):2675-2680
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |