发展权益与风险约束:小型岛屿国家的旅游经济开发
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摘要
小型岛屿国家有着不同于大陆国家、大型岛屿国家、主权国家附属海岛的独特发展特征,旅游业在其发展过程中扮演重要角色。文章基于Web of Science数据库,运用Citespace分析方法对1986年到2017年30年间的小型岛屿经济体旅游开发问题进行知识图谱分析后发现:在研究内容上,与旅游相关的研究起步早、持续时间长,具有多学科分布特征;在研究热点上,旅游影响、气候变化、经济增长等始终居于各聚类关系的主导地位;在研究分布上,以欧美等临海国家为核心地域,形成具有旅游研究共同体特征的合作网络。为深入分析小岛国的旅游经济发展特征,从旅游开发与地方经济发展、旅游发展约束与风险管理、旅游开发与贫困缓解,以及旅游发展模式与治理四个方面对小岛国旅游经济开发的研究内容进行系统化述评,认为小岛屿国家旅游经济依赖的正负效应、海洋政策与岛屿恢复力、旅游投资风险管理、治理转向与社区赋权等方面是其旅游经济发展面临的主要问题,对我国海岛旅游开发与治理具有重要的借鉴意义。
Small island states(SITs) have distinctive features compared with continental countries, large island states and islands that belong to sovereign countries. Tourism industry has been playing a significant role in its survival and development. This article uses literature citation network analysis software CiteSpace to draw the scientific knowledge map of SITs' tourism development via Web of Science database from 1987 to 2017. The study finds that tourism related research starts early, lasts long and presents a multidisciplinary distribution feature;tourism influence, climate change and economic growth have been constantly leading research topics;a collaborative research community network centered around coastal destination countries in North America and Europe has come into being. For the purpose of an in-depth and detailed analysis of tourism development, this paper focused on four perspectives of SITs tourism development review, namely, tourism development and local economy growth, tourism development constraints and risk management, tourism development and poverty alleviation, tourism development mode and governance. It is concluded thatthe positive and negative effects of tourism dependence, marine policy andisland restoration, tourism investment risks, etc have been long-lasting mainconcerns that need to be addressed, which provides useful experience and guidance for China's island tourism development and governance.
Small island states(SITs) have distinctive features compared with continental countries, large island states and islands that belong to sovereign countries. Tourism industry has been playing a significant role in its survival and development. This article uses literature citation network analysis software CiteSpace to draw the scientific knowledge map of SITs' tourism development via Web of Science database from 1987 to 2017. The study finds that tourism related research starts early, lasts long and presents a multidisciplinary distribution feature;tourism influence, climate change and economic growth have been constantly leading research topics;a collaborative research community network centered around coastal destination countries in North America and Europe has come into being. For the purpose of an in-depth and detailed analysis of tourism development, this paper focused on four perspectives of SITs tourism development review, namely, tourism development and local economy growth, tourism development constraints and risk management, tourism development and poverty alleviation, tourism development mode and governance. It is concluded thatthe positive and negative effects of tourism dependence, marine policy andisland restoration, tourism investment risks, etc have been long-lasting mainconcerns that need to be addressed, which provides useful experience and guidance for China's island tourism development and governance.
引文
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[10] Bertram,G.& Watters,R.F.The MIRAB economy in South Pacific microstates[J].Pacific Viewpoint,1985,26(3):497-519.
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[21] Ridderstaat,J.,Croes,R.,Nijkamp,P.Modelling Tourism Development and Long-run Economic Growthin Aruba[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2014,16(5):472-487.
[22] Holzner,M.Tourism and economic development:The beach disease[J].Tourism Management,Elsevier,ScienceDirect,2011,p.922-933.
[23] Pratt,S.The economic impact of tourism in SIDS[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2015,52(May):148-160.
[24] Bojanic,D.,Lo,M.A comparison of the moderating effect of tourism reliance on theeconomic development for islands and other countries[J].Tourism Management,2016(53):207-214.
[25] Latimer,H.Developing-island economies-tourism v agriculture[J].Tourism Management,1985,6(1):32-42.
[26] Pratt,S.,& Blake,A.The economic impact of Hawaii's cruise industry[J].Tourism Analysis,2009,14(3),337-352.
[27] Hampton,M.P.,& Christensen,J.Competing industries in islands:A new tourism approach[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2007,34(4):998-1020.
[28] Bertram,G.On the convergence of small island economies with their metropolitan patrons[J].World Development,2004,32(2):343-364.
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[30] Bueno,R.,Herzfeld,C.,Stanton,E.,Ackerman,F.The Caribbean and Climate Change:The Costs of Inaction[M].Stockholm Environment Institute,US Center and Global Development and Environment Institute,Tufts University,2008.
[31] Hay,J.E.Small island developing states:coastal systems,global change and sustainability[J].Sustain.Sci.,2013,8(3):309-326.
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[33] Buckle,P.,Marsh,G.,Smale,S.Assessing Resilience and Vulnerability:Principles,Strategies and Actions.//:Gonsalves,J.,Mohan,P.Strengthening Resilience in Post-disaster Situations——Stories,Experience and Lessons from SouthAsia[M].Academic Foundation,2011:245-253.
[34] Ramsey,V.,Cooper,J.,Yates,K.Integrated Coastal Zone Management and its potential application to Antigua and Barbuda[J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2015(118):259-274.
[35] Sherman,K.,2014.Toward ecosystem-based management (EBM) of the world's large marine ecosystems during climate change[J].Environ.Dev.2014,(11):43-66.
[36] Robinson,S.Climate change adaptation trends in small islanddeveloping states[J].Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change,2017(22):669-691.
[37] Shah,K.,Niles,K.Energy policy in the Caribbean green economy context and the Institutional Analysis and Design (IAD) framework as a proposed tool for its development[J].Energy Policy,2016,98:768-777.
[38] Weisser,D.On the economics of electricity consumption in small island developing states:a role for renewable energy technologies?[J].Energy Policy,2004,(32):127-140.
[39] Shirley,R.,Jones,C.,Kammen,D.A household carbon footprint calculator for islands:Case study of the United States Virgin Islands[J].Ecological Economics,2012(80):8-14.
[40] Page,S.,Essex,S.,Causevic,S.Tourist attitudes towards water use in the developing world:A comparative analysis[J].Tourism Management Perspectives,2014(10):57-67.
[41] Cashman,A.,Moore,W.A market-based proposal for encouraging water use efficiency in a tourism-based economy[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management,2012(31):286-294.
[42] Shareef,R.,McAleer,M.Modelling International Tourism Demand andVolatility in Small Island[J].Tourism Economies,2005,11(2),159-183.
[43] Hoti,S.,McAleer,M.,Shareef,R.Modelling international tourism and country risk spillovers forCyprus and Malta[J].Tourism Management,2007(28):1472-1484.
[44] Croes,R.,Lee,S.,& Olson,E.Authenticity in tourism in small island destinations:a local perspective[J].Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change,2013,11(1-2):1-20.
[45] Szivas,E.,Riley,M.Tourism employment during economic transition[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1999,26(4):747-771.
[46] Razak,V.From culture areas to ethnoscapes:An application to tourism development[J].Journalof Regional Analysis & Policy,2007,37(3):199-212.
[47] Buswell,R.J.Mallorca and tourism:History,economy and environment[M].Tonawanda,NY:Author,2011.
[48] Cole,S.,& Razak,V.How far,and how fast?Population,culture and carrying capacity inAruba[J].Futures,2011,41(6):414-425.
[49] Wang,N.Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1999,26(2),349-370.
[50] Richards,G.,& Wilson,J.Tourism,creativity,and development[M].London:Routledge,2007.
[51] Tucker,H..Living with tourism[M].London:Routledge,2003.
[52] Mehrotra,S.K.,& Delamonica,E.Eliminating human poverty:Macroeconomicand social policies for equitable growth[M].New York:Zed Books,2007.
[53] Ridderstaat,J.,Croes,R.,& Nijkamp,P.The tourism development-quality of life nexus in a small Island destination[J].Journal of Travel Research,2016,55(1):79-94.
[54] Sen,A.Development as freedom[M].United Kingdom:Oxford University Press,1999.
[55] Ranis,G.,Stewart,F.,& Ramirez,A.Economic growth and human development[J].World Development,2000,28(2):197-219.
[56] Rivera,M.The synergies between human development,economic growth,and tourism within a developing country:An empirical model for Ecuador[J].2016.
[57] Yasarata,M.,Altinay,L.,Burns,P,et al.Politics and sustainable tourism development-Can they co-exist?Voices from North Cyprus[J].Tourism Management,2010,31(3):345-356.
[58] Croes,R.A paradigm shift to a new strategy for small island economies:Embracing demand side economics for value enhancement and long term economic stability[J].Tourism Management,2006(27):453-465.
[59] Edwards,P.Sustainable financing for ocean and coastal management in Jamaica:The potential for revenues from tourist user fees[J].Marine Policy,2009(33):376-385.
[60] Crossley,M.,Sprague,T.Education for sustainable development:Implications for small island developing states (SIDS)[J].International Journal of Educational Development,2014(35):86-95.
[61] Biermann,Frank,Pattberg,Philipp.Global environmental governance:taking stock,moving forward[J].Annu.Rev.Environ.Res.2008,33(1):277-294.
[62] Kerr,S.What is small island sustainable development about?[J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2005(48):503-524.
[63] Ostrom,V.Polycentricity (Part 1).In:Mcginnis,M.(Ed.),Polycentricity and Local Public Economics[M].Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1999,p.51-74.
[64] Chen,S.,Ganapin,D.Polycentric coastal and ocean management in the Caribbean Sea Large Marine Ecosystem:harnessing community-based actions to implement regional frameworks[J].Environmental Development,2016,17(3):264-276.
[65] Povilanskas,R.,Armaitiené,A.,Dyack,B.,et al.Islands of prescription and islands of negotiation[J].Journal of Destination Marketing & Management,2016,5(3):260-274.
[66] 国务院.国务院关于印发全国海洋主体功能区规划的通知国发[Z].国发[2015]42号,2015-08-01.
[2] Briguglio,L.Small island developing states and their economic vulnerabilities[J].World Dev,1995,23(9):1615-1632.
[3] Read,R.The implications of increasing globalization and regionalism for the economic growth of small island states[J].World Development,2004,32(2):365-378.
[4] Armstrong,H.,De Kervenoael,R.J.,Li,X.,et al.A comparison of the economic performance of different micro-states,and between micro-states and larger countries[J].World Development,1998,26(4):639-656.
[5] Croes R.Dancing with paradise:tourism in the Caribbean.The need for empirical analysis and policy perspectives:a research agenda for the 21st century.In Boorsma,Mol N,Groenendijk N,Piet de Vries (eds)[M].University of Twente:Enschede,2003,p.237-249.
[6] Easterly,W.,& Kraay,A.Small states,small problems?income,growth and volatility in small states[J].World Development,2000,28(11):2013-2027.
[7] Vanegas,M.Sr.,& Croes,R.Growth,development and tourism in a small economy:evidence from Aruba[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2003,5(5):315-330.
[8] Oglethorpe,M.Tourism in a small island economy:The case of Malta[J].Tourism Management,1985,6(1):23-31.
[9] Armstrong,H.,Read,R.The phantom of liberty?Economic growth and the vulnerability of small states[J].Journal of International Development,2002:14(3):435-458.
[10] Bertram,G.& Watters,R.F.The MIRAB economy in South Pacific microstates[J].Pacific Viewpoint,1985,26(3):497-519.
[11] Baldacchino,G.Managing the hinterland beyond:Two ideal-type strategies of economic development for small island territories[J].Asia Pacific Viewpoint,2006,47(1):45-60.
[12] Ehounou,M E & McElroy,J L.The advantages of diversification:Proft/Site versus MIRAB small-island profles.in J.R.Pillarisetti et al.(ed.),Small economies and global economics[M].New York:Nova Science Publishers,2008,pp.167-176.
[13] McElroy,J.L.Small island tourist economies across the life cycle[J].Asia Pacific Viewpoint,2006,47(1),61-77.
[14] Shareef,R.,& Hoti,S.Small island tourism economies and country risk ratings[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2005,68(5-6):557-570.
[15] McSorley,k.,McElroy,J.Small Island Economic Strategies:Aid-Remittance versus Tourism Dependence[J].e-Review of Tourism Research(eRTR),2007,5(6):140-148.
[16] Podhorodecka,K.Impact of tourist and one-day visitor arrivalson economic growth.Case study of the Cayman Islands[J].Miscellanea Geographica-regional studies on development,2014,18(3):16-25.
[17] McElroy,J.,Hamma,P.SITEs revisited:Socioeconomic and demographic contours of small island tourist economies[J].Asia Pacific Viewpoint,2010,51(1):36-46.
[18] Seetanah,B.Assessing the dynamic economic impact of tourism for island economies[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2010,38(1):291-308.
[19] Wagner,J E.Estimating the economic impact of tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1997,24(3):592-608.
[20] Croes,R.& Vanegas,Sr.An econometric study of tourist arrivals in Aruba and its implications[J].Tourism Management,2005,26(6):879-890.
[21] Ridderstaat,J.,Croes,R.,Nijkamp,P.Modelling Tourism Development and Long-run Economic Growthin Aruba[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2014,16(5):472-487.
[22] Holzner,M.Tourism and economic development:The beach disease[J].Tourism Management,Elsevier,ScienceDirect,2011,p.922-933.
[23] Pratt,S.The economic impact of tourism in SIDS[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2015,52(May):148-160.
[24] Bojanic,D.,Lo,M.A comparison of the moderating effect of tourism reliance on theeconomic development for islands and other countries[J].Tourism Management,2016(53):207-214.
[25] Latimer,H.Developing-island economies-tourism v agriculture[J].Tourism Management,1985,6(1):32-42.
[26] Pratt,S.,& Blake,A.The economic impact of Hawaii's cruise industry[J].Tourism Analysis,2009,14(3),337-352.
[27] Hampton,M.P.,& Christensen,J.Competing industries in islands:A new tourism approach[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2007,34(4):998-1020.
[28] Bertram,G.On the convergence of small island economies with their metropolitan patrons[J].World Development,2004,32(2):343-364.
[29] Balcilar,M.,Kutan,A.,Yaya,M.Testing the dependency theory on small island economies:The case of Cyprus[J].Economic Modelling,2017,61:1-11.
[30] Bueno,R.,Herzfeld,C.,Stanton,E.,Ackerman,F.The Caribbean and Climate Change:The Costs of Inaction[M].Stockholm Environment Institute,US Center and Global Development and Environment Institute,Tufts University,2008.
[31] Hay,J.E.Small island developing states:coastal systems,global change and sustainability[J].Sustain.Sci.,2013,8(3):309-326.
[32] Derissen,S.,Quaas,M.F.& Baumg?rtner,S.The relationship between resilience and sustainability of ecological-economic systems[J].Ecological Economics,2011,70(6):1121-1128.
[33] Buckle,P.,Marsh,G.,Smale,S.Assessing Resilience and Vulnerability:Principles,Strategies and Actions.//:Gonsalves,J.,Mohan,P.Strengthening Resilience in Post-disaster Situations——Stories,Experience and Lessons from SouthAsia[M].Academic Foundation,2011:245-253.
[34] Ramsey,V.,Cooper,J.,Yates,K.Integrated Coastal Zone Management and its potential application to Antigua and Barbuda[J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2015(118):259-274.
[35] Sherman,K.,2014.Toward ecosystem-based management (EBM) of the world's large marine ecosystems during climate change[J].Environ.Dev.2014,(11):43-66.
[36] Robinson,S.Climate change adaptation trends in small islanddeveloping states[J].Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change,2017(22):669-691.
[37] Shah,K.,Niles,K.Energy policy in the Caribbean green economy context and the Institutional Analysis and Design (IAD) framework as a proposed tool for its development[J].Energy Policy,2016,98:768-777.
[38] Weisser,D.On the economics of electricity consumption in small island developing states:a role for renewable energy technologies?[J].Energy Policy,2004,(32):127-140.
[39] Shirley,R.,Jones,C.,Kammen,D.A household carbon footprint calculator for islands:Case study of the United States Virgin Islands[J].Ecological Economics,2012(80):8-14.
[40] Page,S.,Essex,S.,Causevic,S.Tourist attitudes towards water use in the developing world:A comparative analysis[J].Tourism Management Perspectives,2014(10):57-67.
[41] Cashman,A.,Moore,W.A market-based proposal for encouraging water use efficiency in a tourism-based economy[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management,2012(31):286-294.
[42] Shareef,R.,McAleer,M.Modelling International Tourism Demand andVolatility in Small Island[J].Tourism Economies,2005,11(2),159-183.
[43] Hoti,S.,McAleer,M.,Shareef,R.Modelling international tourism and country risk spillovers forCyprus and Malta[J].Tourism Management,2007(28):1472-1484.
[44] Croes,R.,Lee,S.,& Olson,E.Authenticity in tourism in small island destinations:a local perspective[J].Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change,2013,11(1-2):1-20.
[45] Szivas,E.,Riley,M.Tourism employment during economic transition[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1999,26(4):747-771.
[46] Razak,V.From culture areas to ethnoscapes:An application to tourism development[J].Journalof Regional Analysis & Policy,2007,37(3):199-212.
[47] Buswell,R.J.Mallorca and tourism:History,economy and environment[M].Tonawanda,NY:Author,2011.
[48] Cole,S.,& Razak,V.How far,and how fast?Population,culture and carrying capacity inAruba[J].Futures,2011,41(6):414-425.
[49] Wang,N.Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1999,26(2),349-370.
[50] Richards,G.,& Wilson,J.Tourism,creativity,and development[M].London:Routledge,2007.
[51] Tucker,H..Living with tourism[M].London:Routledge,2003.
[52] Mehrotra,S.K.,& Delamonica,E.Eliminating human poverty:Macroeconomicand social policies for equitable growth[M].New York:Zed Books,2007.
[53] Ridderstaat,J.,Croes,R.,& Nijkamp,P.The tourism development-quality of life nexus in a small Island destination[J].Journal of Travel Research,2016,55(1):79-94.
[54] Sen,A.Development as freedom[M].United Kingdom:Oxford University Press,1999.
[55] Ranis,G.,Stewart,F.,& Ramirez,A.Economic growth and human development[J].World Development,2000,28(2):197-219.
[56] Rivera,M.The synergies between human development,economic growth,and tourism within a developing country:An empirical model for Ecuador[J].2016.
[57] Yasarata,M.,Altinay,L.,Burns,P,et al.Politics and sustainable tourism development-Can they co-exist?Voices from North Cyprus[J].Tourism Management,2010,31(3):345-356.
[58] Croes,R.A paradigm shift to a new strategy for small island economies:Embracing demand side economics for value enhancement and long term economic stability[J].Tourism Management,2006(27):453-465.
[59] Edwards,P.Sustainable financing for ocean and coastal management in Jamaica:The potential for revenues from tourist user fees[J].Marine Policy,2009(33):376-385.
[60] Crossley,M.,Sprague,T.Education for sustainable development:Implications for small island developing states (SIDS)[J].International Journal of Educational Development,2014(35):86-95.
[61] Biermann,Frank,Pattberg,Philipp.Global environmental governance:taking stock,moving forward[J].Annu.Rev.Environ.Res.2008,33(1):277-294.
[62] Kerr,S.What is small island sustainable development about?[J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2005(48):503-524.
[63] Ostrom,V.Polycentricity (Part 1).In:Mcginnis,M.(Ed.),Polycentricity and Local Public Economics[M].Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1999,p.51-74.
[64] Chen,S.,Ganapin,D.Polycentric coastal and ocean management in the Caribbean Sea Large Marine Ecosystem:harnessing community-based actions to implement regional frameworks[J].Environmental Development,2016,17(3):264-276.
[65] Povilanskas,R.,Armaitiené,A.,Dyack,B.,et al.Islands of prescription and islands of negotiation[J].Journal of Destination Marketing & Management,2016,5(3):260-274.
[66] 国务院.国务院关于印发全国海洋主体功能区规划的通知国发[Z].国发[2015]42号,2015-08-01.
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