杂色山雀双亲差异性育雏策略
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摘要
社会性单配制鸟类的配偶双方在抚育子代时常存在性别差异,不同鸟种的雌雄双亲往往采取不同的育雏策略。以杂色山雀(Sittiparus varius)为研究对象,2017年3—7月对繁殖巢箱进行录像监测,记录杂色山雀育雏期亲代投入情况。分析结果显示:1)双亲递食率在育雏前期(4—6日龄)无显著差异,而育雏后期(10—12日龄)雌性的递食率显著高于雄性。2)雌性亲鸟后期递食率较育雏前期显著增加;而雄性亲鸟育雏前期和后期递食率无显著差异。3)雌性递食率与自身喙宽呈极显著正相关,雄性递食率与双亲体征参数均无相关关系。总的来说,在育雏阶段,杂色山雀雌性亲鸟的递食率随着雏鸟的需求和自身身体质量发生调整,雌性在育雏后期递食率显著升高,而雄性亲鸟递食率无变化,这可能与育雏期双亲投入分工不同有关。
Sex differences always occur in parental investment and behavior during the breeding season in socially monogamous birds. Here, we described a study that used real-time video monitoring to examine the characteristics of parental investments and strategies in Sittiparus varius from March to July, 2017. The results were as follows:(1) there was no significant difference between the feeding rate of the male and female parent in the early period, while the feeding rate of the female was more than that of the male in the later period,(2) with increasing age of the nestlings, females increased their feeding frequency, while the males did not, and(3) the feeding rate of the female parent was positively correlated with its beak size, while no correlation was found between feeding rate and the male′s physical characteristics. Overall, in Sittiparus varius, the feeding rate of the female is adjusted according to the demand of the nestlings and related to individual characteristics, while the male shows no change during the breeding season. This difference may be associated with the divisions of labor during the feeding period.
Sex differences always occur in parental investment and behavior during the breeding season in socially monogamous birds. Here, we described a study that used real-time video monitoring to examine the characteristics of parental investments and strategies in Sittiparus varius from March to July, 2017. The results were as follows:(1) there was no significant difference between the feeding rate of the male and female parent in the early period, while the feeding rate of the female was more than that of the male in the later period,(2) with increasing age of the nestlings, females increased their feeding frequency, while the males did not, and(3) the feeding rate of the female parent was positively correlated with its beak size, while no correlation was found between feeding rate and the male′s physical characteristics. Overall, in Sittiparus varius, the feeding rate of the female is adjusted according to the demand of the nestlings and related to individual characteristics, while the male shows no change during the breeding season. This difference may be associated with the divisions of labor during the feeding period.
引文
[1] 尚玉昌.动物行为学.北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
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[13] Matessi G,Carmagnani C,Griggio M,Pilastro A.Male rock sparrows differentially allocate nest defence but not food provisioning to offspring.Behaviour,2009,146(2):209- 223.
[14] Laubach Z M,Wei P,Lombardo M,Murdock C,Foufopoulos J.Determinants of parental care in mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha).The Auk,2015,132(4):893- 902.
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[17] 霍雅鹏,曹军,张宇婷,万冬梅.杂色山雀性别分子鉴定方法的研究.辽宁林业科技,2009,(1):3- 7,13- 13.
[18] Deeming C.Avian incubation:behaviour,environment and evolution.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002.
[19] 孙寒梅.红隼繁殖期的双亲投入与繁殖成功的关系[D].长春:东北师范大学,2006.
[20] Ramírez F,Hobson K A,Wangensteen O S,Genovart M,Viscor G,Sanpera C,Jover L.A physiological marker for quantifying differential reproductive investment between the sexes in Yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis).Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2010,396(1):48- 52.
[21] 赵济川.杂色山雀育雏投入的影响因素研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2017.
[22] Linville S U,Breitwisch R,Schilling A J.Plumage brightness as an indicator of parental care in northern cardinals.Animal Behaviour,1998,55(1):119- 127.
[23] 马锐强,常鹏,万冬梅,鞠静,张雷,李东来.杂色山雀的婚外父权与配偶间的遗传相容性无关.生态学报,2015,35(15):5018- 5025.
[24] Kokko H,Jennions M D.Parental investment,sexual selection and sex ratios.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2008,21(4):919- 948.
[25] Maguire S E,Safran R J.Morphological and genetic predictors of parental care in the North American barn swallow Hirundo rustica erythrogaster.Journal of Avian Biology,2010,41(1):74- 82.
[26] Amininasab S M,Birker M,Kingma S A,Hildenbrandt H,Komdeur J.The effect of male incubation feeding on female nest attendance and reproductive performance in a socially monogamous bird.Journal of Ornithology,2017,158(3):687- 696.
[27] Bolund E,Schielzeth H,Forstmeier W.Compensatory investment in zebra finches:females lay larger eggs when paired to sexually unattractive males.Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2009,276(1657):707- 715.
[28] Cooch E,Lank D B,Dzubin A,Rockwell R F,Cooke F.Body size variation in lesser snow geese:environmental plasticity in gosling growth rates.Ecology,1991,72(2):503- 512.
[29] Saino N,Calza S,Moller A P.Immunocompetence of nestling barn swallows in relation to brood size and parental effort.Journal of Animal Ecology,1997,66(6):827- 836.
[30] Wells S J,Safran R J,Dale J.Piecing together female extra-pair mate choice:females really do prefer more ornamented males.Molecular Ecology,2016,25(15):3521- 3524.
[31] Zollinger S A,Brumm H.Why birds sing loud songs and why they sometimes don′t.Animal Behaviour,2015,105:289- 295.
[2] Verbeek N A M.Daily and annual time budget of the yellow-billed magpie.Auk,1972,89(3):567- 582.
[3] Low M,Makan T,Castro I.Food availability and offspring demand influence sex-specific patterns and repeatability of parental provisioning.Behavioral Ecology,2012,23(1):25- 34.
[4] Ogden L J E,Stutchbury B J M.Fledgling care and male parental effort in the Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina).Canadian Journal of Zoology,1997,75(4):576- 581.
[5] Sheldon B C.Differential allocation:tests,mechanisms and implications.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2000,15(10):397- 402.
[6] Du B,Guan M M,Ren Q M,Chen G L.Cuckolded male ground tits increase parental care for the brood.Animal Behaviour,2015,110:61- 67.
[7] Sicurella B,Caffi M,Caprioli M,Rubolini D,Saino N,Ambrosini R.Weather conditions,brood size and hatching order affect Common Swift Apus apus nestlings′ survival and growth.Bird Study,2015,62(1):64- 77.
[8] Pagani-Núňez E,Senar J C.Are colorful males of great tits Parus major better parents?Parental investment is a matter of quality.Acta Oecologica,2014,55:23- 28.
[9] Horváthová T,Nakagawa S,Uller T.Strategic female reproductive investment in response to male attractiveness in birds.Proceedings:Biological Sciences,2012,279(1726):163- 170.
[10] Labocha M K,Hayes J P.Morphometric indices of body condition in birds:a review.Journal of Ornithology,2011,153(1):1- 22.
[11] Blums P,Nichols J D,Hines J E,Lindberg M S,Mednis A.Individual quality,survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds.Oecologia,2005,143(3):365- 376.
[12] Van Noordwijk A J,de Jong G.Acquisition and allocation of resources:their influence on variation in life history tactics.The American Naturalist,1986,128(1):137- 142.
[13] Matessi G,Carmagnani C,Griggio M,Pilastro A.Male rock sparrows differentially allocate nest defence but not food provisioning to offspring.Behaviour,2009,146(2):209- 223.
[14] Laubach Z M,Wei P,Lombardo M,Murdock C,Foufopoulos J.Determinants of parental care in mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha).The Auk,2015,132(4):893- 902.
[15] 王鹏,邱英杰.辽宁仙人洞国家级自然保护区科学考察集.北京:中国林业出版社,2002:1- 9.
[16] 万冬梅,丁锋,王爽,金春日,霍亚鹏.杂色山雀的研究现状.四川动物,2008,27(1):157- 160.
[17] 霍雅鹏,曹军,张宇婷,万冬梅.杂色山雀性别分子鉴定方法的研究.辽宁林业科技,2009,(1):3- 7,13- 13.
[18] Deeming C.Avian incubation:behaviour,environment and evolution.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002.
[19] 孙寒梅.红隼繁殖期的双亲投入与繁殖成功的关系[D].长春:东北师范大学,2006.
[20] Ramírez F,Hobson K A,Wangensteen O S,Genovart M,Viscor G,Sanpera C,Jover L.A physiological marker for quantifying differential reproductive investment between the sexes in Yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis).Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2010,396(1):48- 52.
[21] 赵济川.杂色山雀育雏投入的影响因素研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2017.
[22] Linville S U,Breitwisch R,Schilling A J.Plumage brightness as an indicator of parental care in northern cardinals.Animal Behaviour,1998,55(1):119- 127.
[23] 马锐强,常鹏,万冬梅,鞠静,张雷,李东来.杂色山雀的婚外父权与配偶间的遗传相容性无关.生态学报,2015,35(15):5018- 5025.
[24] Kokko H,Jennions M D.Parental investment,sexual selection and sex ratios.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,2008,21(4):919- 948.
[25] Maguire S E,Safran R J.Morphological and genetic predictors of parental care in the North American barn swallow Hirundo rustica erythrogaster.Journal of Avian Biology,2010,41(1):74- 82.
[26] Amininasab S M,Birker M,Kingma S A,Hildenbrandt H,Komdeur J.The effect of male incubation feeding on female nest attendance and reproductive performance in a socially monogamous bird.Journal of Ornithology,2017,158(3):687- 696.
[27] Bolund E,Schielzeth H,Forstmeier W.Compensatory investment in zebra finches:females lay larger eggs when paired to sexually unattractive males.Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2009,276(1657):707- 715.
[28] Cooch E,Lank D B,Dzubin A,Rockwell R F,Cooke F.Body size variation in lesser snow geese:environmental plasticity in gosling growth rates.Ecology,1991,72(2):503- 512.
[29] Saino N,Calza S,Moller A P.Immunocompetence of nestling barn swallows in relation to brood size and parental effort.Journal of Animal Ecology,1997,66(6):827- 836.
[30] Wells S J,Safran R J,Dale J.Piecing together female extra-pair mate choice:females really do prefer more ornamented males.Molecular Ecology,2016,25(15):3521- 3524.
[31] Zollinger S A,Brumm H.Why birds sing loud songs and why they sometimes don′t.Animal Behaviour,2015,105:289- 295.
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