导风板倾角对板后风沙流输沙的影响
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摘要
通过野外试验探究了流动沙丘中上部导风板板后作用区风速特性和输沙量特征,结果表明:不同角度导风板对板后风速增加的区域有所不同,作用区内最大风速一般出现于板后1. 5 m,45°导风板对于板后1. 5 m处风速加速效果明显,板后3. 0 m处则是25°导风板加速效果较为明显,而在板后4. 5 m处影响效果明显的导风板角度为35°。导风板可以有效的提高板后输沙总量,其中30°～45°区间的中等角度导风板对于输沙量的提升具有明显效果,45°导风板对于板后1. 5 m处输沙量提升效果较高,而40°导风板对于板后3. 0 m处输沙量提升效果较高,在板后4. 5 m处则是30°导风板提升效果较高。
In this study,the field experiments on the effect of wind guide plate in preventing wind-drift sand was carried out so as to reveal the characteristics of wind speed and sediment discharge behind the wind guide plate.The purposes of the study were to explore the effects of wind deflector on wind velocity and sediment discharge in the middle and upper parts of mobile dune. The results showed that the area where the wind speed was increased behind the wind guide plate was different from the different dip angles of the plate. In general,the maximum wind speed occurred behind the plate for 1. 5 m,and the effect of increasing wind speed of the wind guide plate with 45°was significant behind the plate for 1. 5 m,that with 25° was significant behind the plate for 3. 0 m,and that with35° was significant behind the plate for 4. 5 m. The wind guide plate could be used to effectively increase the total sediment discharge behind the plate,in which the effect of increasing sediment discharge of the mid-angle wind guide plate in a range of 30°-45° was more obvious. The effect of increasing sediment discharge of the wind guide plate with 45° was significant behind the plate for 1. 5 m,that with 40° was significant behind the plate for 3. 0 m,that with 30° was significant behind the plate for 4. 5 m.
In this study,the field experiments on the effect of wind guide plate in preventing wind-drift sand was carried out so as to reveal the characteristics of wind speed and sediment discharge behind the wind guide plate.The purposes of the study were to explore the effects of wind deflector on wind velocity and sediment discharge in the middle and upper parts of mobile dune. The results showed that the area where the wind speed was increased behind the wind guide plate was different from the different dip angles of the plate. In general,the maximum wind speed occurred behind the plate for 1. 5 m,and the effect of increasing wind speed of the wind guide plate with 45°was significant behind the plate for 1. 5 m,that with 25° was significant behind the plate for 3. 0 m,and that with35° was significant behind the plate for 4. 5 m. The wind guide plate could be used to effectively increase the total sediment discharge behind the plate,in which the effect of increasing sediment discharge of the mid-angle wind guide plate in a range of 30°-45° was more obvious. The effect of increasing sediment discharge of the wind guide plate with 45° was significant behind the plate for 1. 5 m,that with 40° was significant behind the plate for 3. 0 m,that with 30° was significant behind the plate for 4. 5 m.
引文
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[15]邳华伟,冯广龙.塔里木盆地西北部3种典型下垫面风沙活动特征[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):441-448.[Pi Huawei,Feng Guanglong.Characteristics of wind-blown sand over three typical underlying surfaces in the northwest Tarim Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(2):441-448.]
[16]康永德,杨兴华,何清,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区野外微梯度风沙流观测[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(3):591-597.[Kang Yongde,Yang Xinhua,He Qing,et al.Micro-gradient field of winddrift sand in Tazhong in the Tarim Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(3):591-597.]
[17]俞祥祥,李生宇,王海峰,等.沙漠公路防护林不同林带位置的风沙流结构[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(3):707-715.[Yu Xiangxiang,Li Shengyu,Wang Haifeng,et al.Aeolian-sand flow structure at different locations along desert highway shelterbelt[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(3):707-715.]
[18]Han Y L,Gao Y,Meng Z Y,et al.Effects of wind guide plates on wind velocity acceleration and dune leveling:A case study in Ulan Buh Desert,China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2017,9(5):743-752.
[19]马世威,高永.风沙流结构三定律[J].内蒙古林业科技,1987(3):27-29.[Ma Shiwei,Gao Yong.Three laws of wind-sand flow structure[J].Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology,1987(3):27-29.]
[2]刘贤万,凌裕泉,贺大良,等.下导风工程的风洞实验研究---(1)平面上的实验[J].中国沙漠,1982,2(4):14-21.[Liu Xianwan,Ling Yuquan,He Daliang,et al.Studies on the effects of fence in wind tunnel part 1.experiment with level snuface[J].Journal of Desert Research,1982,2(4):14-21.]
[3]刘贤万,凌裕泉,贺大良,等.下导风工程的风洞实验研究---(2)地形条件下的实验[J].中国沙漠,1983,3(3):25-34.[Liu Xianwan,Ling Yuquan,He Daliang,et al.Study on the experiment of the under-leading fence in wind tunnel-experiment under topographic conditionsⅡ[J].Journal of Desert Research,1983,3(3):25-34.]
[4]程建军,智凌岩,薛春晓,等.铁路沿线下导风板对风沙流场的控制规律[J].中国铁道科学,2017,38(6):16-23.[Cheng Jianjun,Zhi Lingyan,Xue Chunxiao,et al.Control law of lower air deflector for sand flow field along railway[J].China Railway Science,2017,38(6):16-23.]
[5]辛国伟,程建军,景文宏,等.来流廓线对风沙流场和风沙堆积影响的数值模拟---以挡沙墙为例[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(3):672-679.[Xin Guowei,Cheng Jianjun,Jin Wenhong,et al.Numerical simulation of the influence of incoming flow profileon sand flow field and aeolian sand deposition:A case study around sand retaining wall[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(3):672-679.]
[6]王存牛.屋檐式下导风工程的设置与模拟计算[J].干旱区地理,1994,16(3):79-81.[Wang Cunniu.Simulated calculation and optimal construction of the eaves-shaped wind-guide structures[J]Arid Land Geography,1994,16(3):79-81.]
[7]王中隆,白重瑗,陈元.天山地区风雪流运动特征及其预防研究[J].地理学报,1982(1):51-64.[Wang Zhonglong,Bai Chongyuan,Chen Yuan,et al.A study on the movement of snow drift in Tianshan and its control[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1982(1):51-64.]
[8]张家平.黑龙江省公路风吹雪灾害时空分布与防治技术研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.[Zhang Jiaping.Research on the Temporal&Spatial Distribution Rules and Prevention Technology of Snowdrift Disaster Heilongjiang Province[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2012.]
[9]胡延宇.精伊霍铁路雪害特征及防治措施研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.[Hu Yanyu.Study on Characteristics and Protection Measures of Snow Disaster along the Jing-Yi-Huo Railway[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2008.]
[10]陈新闯.乌兰布和沙漠黄河沿岸磴口段风积沙运移过程与规律[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.[Cheng Xinchuang.The Migration Process of Aeolian Sand in Ulanbuh Desert along the Bank of the Yellow River,Deng Kou[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2016.]
[11]何京丽,郭建英,邢恩德,等.黄河乌兰布和沙漠段沿岸风沙流结构与沙丘移动规律[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):71-77.[He Jingli,Guo Jianying,Xin Ende,et al.Structure of windsand flow and law of dune movement along bank of Yellow River in UlanBuh Desert[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(17):71-77.]
[12]周丹丹.生物可降解聚乳酸(PLA)材料在防沙治沙中的应用研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.[Zhou Dandan.AStudy on the Application of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid(PLA)Material for Combating Desertification[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009.]
[13]杨婷婷.乌兰布和沙漠绿洲风蚀防护体系效益评价及模式探讨[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.[Yang Tingting.Study on Benefit Evaluation and Patterns of Wind Erosion Protective System in Ulan Buh Desert Oasis[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2006.]
[14]董智.乌兰布和沙漠绿洲农田沙害及其控制机理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2004.[Dong Zhi.Research on Farmland Wind-Sand Disaster of Oasis and Its Control Mechanism in Ulan Buh Desert[D]Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2004.]
[15]邳华伟,冯广龙.塔里木盆地西北部3种典型下垫面风沙活动特征[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):441-448.[Pi Huawei,Feng Guanglong.Characteristics of wind-blown sand over three typical underlying surfaces in the northwest Tarim Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(2):441-448.]
[16]康永德,杨兴华,何清,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区野外微梯度风沙流观测[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(3):591-597.[Kang Yongde,Yang Xinhua,He Qing,et al.Micro-gradient field of winddrift sand in Tazhong in the Tarim Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(3):591-597.]
[17]俞祥祥,李生宇,王海峰,等.沙漠公路防护林不同林带位置的风沙流结构[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(3):707-715.[Yu Xiangxiang,Li Shengyu,Wang Haifeng,et al.Aeolian-sand flow structure at different locations along desert highway shelterbelt[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(3):707-715.]
[18]Han Y L,Gao Y,Meng Z Y,et al.Effects of wind guide plates on wind velocity acceleration and dune leveling:A case study in Ulan Buh Desert,China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2017,9(5):743-752.
[19]马世威,高永.风沙流结构三定律[J].内蒙古林业科技,1987(3):27-29.[Ma Shiwei,Gao Yong.Three laws of wind-sand flow structure[J].Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology,1987(3):27-29.]