湖南省柑橘园土壤营养状况及其对叶片养分的影响
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摘要
为了解湖南省柑橘园土壤及叶片养分丰缺状况,对湖南省82个柑橘主产区土壤和植株叶片的矿质元素含量进行分析测试,运用曲线回归方法分析了土壤酸碱性与土壤肥力间相关性,采用典型性相关分析方法研究了土壤与叶片养分的定量统计关系。结果表明:全省86.75%的柑橘园土壤pH为酸性至强酸性,78.31%的土壤有机质含量处于适宜水平,有效氮、磷、钾缺乏土壤比例分别为15.66%、69.88%和27.71%,柑橘叶片全氮、磷、钾缺乏比例分别为12.35%、16.05%和18.52%。曲线回归分析结果显示,土壤养分含量与pH存在密切的关系,土壤有机质(Y_1)、碱解氮(Y_2)、有效磷(Y_3)、速效钾(Y_4)与pH(X)的拟合关系分别为:Y_1=2.15X~2–24.17X+85.53(R~2=0.53)、Y_2=0.255X~2–3.17X+91.29(R~2=0.36)、Y_3=5.51X~2–66.37X+208.22(R~2=0.43)、Y_4=5.59X~2–37.24X+213.43(R~2=0.40)。典型性相关分析结果显示,土壤养分含量水平的高低对叶片中其他养分含量也存在明显的影响,柑橘园土壤养分指标(X_1:pH;X_2:有机质;X_3:碱解氮;X_4:有效磷;X_5:速效钾)与叶片养分指标(Y_1:氮;Y_2:磷;Y_3:钾)的拟合模型分别为:U_1=–0.390X_1+0.909X_2+0.398X_3+0.269X_4–0.297X_5,V_1=0.792Y_1+0.637Y_2–0.132Y_3。在园区培肥管理时,应注意调节土壤酸碱度,因土酌情采取增施氮肥、磷肥和钾肥等综合平衡施肥措施。
In order to provide references for reasonable fertilization and leaf nutrient diagnosis in orchards, soil and citrus leaf samples were collected and measured from 82 citrus orchards in Hunan Province, the method of curve regression was used to analyze the correlation between soil pH and nutrients, the method of typical correlation analysis was used to explore the quantitative statistical relation between the nutrients in soil and citrus leaves, and then nutrient deficiencies in soils and citrus leaves were evaluated. The results showed that 86.75% of soil samples were acid or strongly acid, 78.31% of soil samples were appropriate in organic matter content, 15.66%, 69.88% and 15.66% of soil samples were in insufficient in available nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K), respectively. 12.35%, 16.05% and 18.52% of citrus leaf samples were insufficient in total N, P and K. There were significant correlations between soil pH and nutrient contents, the regression models between soil organic matter(Y_1), available N(Y_2), P(Y_3) and K(Y_4) with pH(X) were : Y_1=2.15 X~2–24.17 X+85.53(R~2=0.53), Y_2=0.255 X~2–3.17 X+91.29(R~2=0.36), Y_3=5.51 X~2–66.37 X+208.22(R~2=0.43), Y_4=5.59 X~2–37.24 X+213.43(R~2=0.40), respectively. Typical correlation analysis results showed soil nutrients had significant effects on nutrients in citrus leaves, with the fitting model as: U_1= –0.390 X_1+0.909 X_2+0.398 X_3+0.269 X_4–0.297 X_5(U_1, soil nutrient index; X_1, pH; X_2, SOM; X_3, X_4 and X_5, available N, P, K, respectively), V_1=0.792 Y_1+0.637 Y_2–0.132 Y_3(V_1, leaf nutrient index; Y_1, Y_2 and Y_3, total N, P and K, respectively). The above result indicated that attentions should be paid to pH control, using more N, P and K fertilizers, and comprehensive balanced fertilization, etc.
In order to provide references for reasonable fertilization and leaf nutrient diagnosis in orchards, soil and citrus leaf samples were collected and measured from 82 citrus orchards in Hunan Province, the method of curve regression was used to analyze the correlation between soil pH and nutrients, the method of typical correlation analysis was used to explore the quantitative statistical relation between the nutrients in soil and citrus leaves, and then nutrient deficiencies in soils and citrus leaves were evaluated. The results showed that 86.75% of soil samples were acid or strongly acid, 78.31% of soil samples were appropriate in organic matter content, 15.66%, 69.88% and 15.66% of soil samples were in insufficient in available nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K), respectively. 12.35%, 16.05% and 18.52% of citrus leaf samples were insufficient in total N, P and K. There were significant correlations between soil pH and nutrient contents, the regression models between soil organic matter(Y_1), available N(Y_2), P(Y_3) and K(Y_4) with pH(X) were : Y_1=2.15 X~2–24.17 X+85.53(R~2=0.53), Y_2=0.255 X~2–3.17 X+91.29(R~2=0.36), Y_3=5.51 X~2–66.37 X+208.22(R~2=0.43), Y_4=5.59 X~2–37.24 X+213.43(R~2=0.40), respectively. Typical correlation analysis results showed soil nutrients had significant effects on nutrients in citrus leaves, with the fitting model as: U_1= –0.390 X_1+0.909 X_2+0.398 X_3+0.269 X_4–0.297 X_5(U_1, soil nutrient index; X_1, pH; X_2, SOM; X_3, X_4 and X_5, available N, P, K, respectively), V_1=0.792 Y_1+0.637 Y_2–0.132 Y_3(V_1, leaf nutrient index; Y_1, Y_2 and Y_3, total N, P and K, respectively). The above result indicated that attentions should be paid to pH control, using more N, P and K fertilizers, and comprehensive balanced fertilization, etc.
引文
[1]张强,魏钦平,刘旭东,等.北京昌平苹果园土壤养分、pH与果实矿质营养的多元分析[J].果树学报, 2011,28(3):377–383
[2]鲍江峰,夏仁学,彭抒昂,等.湖北省纽荷尔脐橙园土壤营养状况及其对果实品质的影响[J].土壤, 2006, 38(1):75–80
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[7]吉前华,郭雁君,姚金明,等.贡柑叶片的矿质营养及其对果实品质影响的研究[J].西南农业学报, 2010, 23(3):786–790
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[13]胡启山.土壤的酸碱性对土壤肥力及作物生长的影响[J].科学种养, 2010(10):63
[14]谢志南,庄伊美.福建亚热带果园土壤pH值与有效态养分含量的相关性[J].园艺学报, 1997, 24(3):209–214
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[16]梁玉衡.论土壤团粒结构与土壤肥力的关系[J].土壤通报, 1983(1):30–32
[17]黄婷.基于支持向量机的土壤基础肥力评价和土壤有机质含量预测研究[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2015
[18]董坤.不同施肥模式对蔬菜地中氮素流失影响研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2017
[19]梁金凤.肥料分酸碱施用需谨慎[J].农家参谋, 2016(7):48
[20]董艳红,王火焰,周健民,等.不同土壤钾素淋溶特性的初步研究[J].土壤, 2014, 46(2):225–231
[21]万翔,周小娟,万能,等.湖北西部山区土壤养分元素有效态研究——以建始县业州镇为例[J].资源环境与工程,2017(Sup):31–35
[22]余红兵,王仁才,肖润林,等.桂西北环境移民示范区柑橘园土壤和叶片营养状况[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 33(3):341–344
[23]唐守正.多元统计分析方法[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1986
[24]杨生权.土壤和叶片养分状况对柑橘产量和品质的影响——以重庆忠县柑橘园为例[D].重庆:西南大学, 2008
[25]张影,胡承孝,谭启玲,等.施用石灰对温州蜜柑树体营养和果实品质及酸性柑橘园土壤养分有效性的影响[J].华中农业大学学报, 2014, 33(4):7 2–76
[26]马小川,卢晓鹏,张子木,等.湖南省不同纬度温州蜜柑园土壤和叶片营养及果实品质分析[J].果树学报,2018, 35(4):423–432
[27]尹杰.贵州柑橘园土壤与树体养分状况及其评价[D].贵阳:贵州大学, 2007
[28]吴倩,付威宾,胡成,等.麻阳冰糖橙果园营养状况与果实品质状况分析[J].中国农学通报, 2017, 33(6):97–103
[29]黄春辉,曲雪艳,刘科鹏,等.‘金魁’猕猴桃园土壤理化性状、叶片营养与果实品质状况分析[J].果树学报, 2014,31(6):1091–1099
[2]鲍江峰,夏仁学,彭抒昂,等.湖北省纽荷尔脐橙园土壤营养状况及其对果实品质的影响[J].土壤, 2006, 38(1):75–80
[3] Fallahi E, Fallahi B, Neilsen G H, et al. Effects of mineral nutrition on fruit quality and nutritional disorders in apples[J]. Acta Horticulturae, 2011, 868:49–60
[4] Li Y, Han M Q, Lin F, et al. Soil chemical properties,‘Guanximiyou’ pummelo leaf mineral nutrient status and fruit quality in the southern region of Fujian province,China[J]. Journal of Soil Science&Plant Nutrition, 2015,15:263–269
[5]邓小华,张瑶,田峰,等.湘西植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系[J].土壤, 2017, 49(1):49–56
[6]淳长品,彭良志,江才伦,等.三峡库区部分柑桔园土壤营养状况的初步研究[J].中国南方果树, 2009, 38(2):1–6
[7]吉前华,郭雁君,姚金明,等.贡柑叶片的矿质营养及其对果实品质影响的研究[J].西南农业学报, 2010, 23(3):786–790
[8] Zhou G F, Peng S A, Liu Y Z, et al. The physiological and nutritional responses of seven different citrus rootstock seedlings to boron deficiency[J]. Trees, 2014, 28(1):295–307
[9]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第3版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000
[11]庄伊美,王仁玑,谢志南,等.柑桔、龙眼、荔枝营养诊断标准研究[J].东南园艺, 1995(1):6–9
[12]鲁剑巍,陈防,王富华,等.湖北省柑橘园土壤养分分级研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2002, 8(4):390–394
[13]胡启山.土壤的酸碱性对土壤肥力及作物生长的影响[J].科学种养, 2010(10):63
[14]谢志南,庄伊美.福建亚热带果园土壤pH值与有效态养分含量的相关性[J].园艺学报, 1997, 24(3):209–214
[15]郭振,王小利,段建军,等.长期施肥对黄壤性水稻土有机碳矿化的影响[J].土壤学报, 2018, 55(1):225–235
[16]梁玉衡.论土壤团粒结构与土壤肥力的关系[J].土壤通报, 1983(1):30–32
[17]黄婷.基于支持向量机的土壤基础肥力评价和土壤有机质含量预测研究[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2015
[18]董坤.不同施肥模式对蔬菜地中氮素流失影响研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2017
[19]梁金凤.肥料分酸碱施用需谨慎[J].农家参谋, 2016(7):48
[20]董艳红,王火焰,周健民,等.不同土壤钾素淋溶特性的初步研究[J].土壤, 2014, 46(2):225–231
[21]万翔,周小娟,万能,等.湖北西部山区土壤养分元素有效态研究——以建始县业州镇为例[J].资源环境与工程,2017(Sup):31–35
[22]余红兵,王仁才,肖润林,等.桂西北环境移民示范区柑橘园土壤和叶片营养状况[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 33(3):341–344
[23]唐守正.多元统计分析方法[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1986
[24]杨生权.土壤和叶片养分状况对柑橘产量和品质的影响——以重庆忠县柑橘园为例[D].重庆:西南大学, 2008
[25]张影,胡承孝,谭启玲,等.施用石灰对温州蜜柑树体营养和果实品质及酸性柑橘园土壤养分有效性的影响[J].华中农业大学学报, 2014, 33(4):7 2–76
[26]马小川,卢晓鹏,张子木,等.湖南省不同纬度温州蜜柑园土壤和叶片营养及果实品质分析[J].果树学报,2018, 35(4):423–432
[27]尹杰.贵州柑橘园土壤与树体养分状况及其评价[D].贵阳:贵州大学, 2007
[28]吴倩,付威宾,胡成,等.麻阳冰糖橙果园营养状况与果实品质状况分析[J].中国农学通报, 2017, 33(6):97–103
[29]黄春辉,曲雪艳,刘科鹏,等.‘金魁’猕猴桃园土壤理化性状、叶片营养与果实品质状况分析[J].果树学报, 2014,31(6):1091–1099