2013—2017年武汉市新建地铁站集中空调通风系统微生物污染状况调查
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摘要
目的了解并分析武汉市新建地铁站集中空调通风系统卫生状况及其污染影响因素。方法对2013—2017年武汉市59个新建地铁站集中空调通风系统微生物污染指标监测结果进行分析,研究其卫生状况及其影响因素。结果 2013—2017年武汉市集中空调通风系统共监测样品236件,总体合格率为75.85%(179/236),5年间合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.770,P<0.05)。单项指标监测结果显示,集中空调通风系统送风中的细菌总数、真菌总数及风管内表面细菌总数、真菌总数总体合格率分别为86.44%(204/236)、83.90%(198/236)、99.58%(235/236)和97.03%(229/236)。送风中细菌总数、风管内表面真菌总数5年间合格率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=25.069、8.496,均P<0.05),送风中真菌总数、风管内表面细菌总数5年间合格率差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=2.383、3.938,均P>0.05)。β溶血性链球菌未检出。细菌总数相关性分析显示,送风口出风检测结果与新风井口、风机柜、风管内表面、站内公共区域检测结果呈正相关(P<0.05);真菌总数相关性分析显示,送风口出风检测结果与风机柜、风管内表面的检测结果呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 2013—2017年武汉市新建地铁站集中空调通风系统卫生状况有了逐步提升,送风细菌、真菌超标是其主要污染特征,污染程度与户外、风机柜、站内的空气质量有一定的相关性。
[Objective]To understand and analyze the health status and influencing factors of pollution of central air conditioning ventilation system in new subways stations of Wuhan City. [Methods]The monitoring result of microbial contamination indexes in central air conditioning ventilation system of 59 new subways stations in Wuhan City were analyze to investigate the health status and influencing factors. [Results]From 2013-2017,236 samples of the central air conditioning ventilation system in Wuhan City were tested,and the overall qualified rate was 75.85%(179/236). There was a significant difference in the qualified rate among the five years(χ~2=13.770,P<0.05). The results of single index monitoring showed that the qualified ra te of total bacterial count and total fungi count in the air supply,and total bacterial count, total fungi count on the internal surface was 86.44%(204/236),83.90%(198/236),99.58%(235/236) and 97.03%(229/236), respectively. There were significant differences in the total bacterial count in the air supply and the total fungi count on the internal surface among the five years(χ~2=25.069, 8.496, both P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the total fungi count in the air supply and the total bacterial count on the internal surface among the five years(χ~2=2.383, 3.938, both P>0.05). Beta hemolytic streptococcus was not detected. The c orrelation analysis of bacterial count showed that the test results of air outlet were positively correlated with the test results of fresh air shaft air outlet of fan cabinet air duct surface and public area in station(P<0.05). The correlation analysis of fungal count showed that the test results of air outlet were positively correlated with the total bacterial count of air outlet of fan cabinet and air duct surface(P <0.05). [Conclusion] From 2013-2017,the health status of central air conditioning ventilation system in the new subway stations of Wuhan City has been gradually improved. Excessive pollution of bacteria and fungi in the air supply is the main pollution characteristics. The degree of air pollution is related to the air quality in outdoor,fan cabinet and station.
[Objective]To understand and analyze the health status and influencing factors of pollution of central air conditioning ventilation system in new subways stations of Wuhan City. [Methods]The monitoring result of microbial contamination indexes in central air conditioning ventilation system of 59 new subways stations in Wuhan City were analyze to investigate the health status and influencing factors. [Results]From 2013-2017,236 samples of the central air conditioning ventilation system in Wuhan City were tested,and the overall qualified rate was 75.85%(179/236). There was a significant difference in the qualified rate among the five years(χ~2=13.770,P<0.05). The results of single index monitoring showed that the qualified ra te of total bacterial count and total fungi count in the air supply,and total bacterial count, total fungi count on the internal surface was 86.44%(204/236),83.90%(198/236),99.58%(235/236) and 97.03%(229/236), respectively. There were significant differences in the total bacterial count in the air supply and the total fungi count on the internal surface among the five years(χ~2=25.069, 8.496, both P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the total fungi count in the air supply and the total bacterial count on the internal surface among the five years(χ~2=2.383, 3.938, both P>0.05). Beta hemolytic streptococcus was not detected. The c orrelation analysis of bacterial count showed that the test results of air outlet were positively correlated with the test results of fresh air shaft air outlet of fan cabinet air duct surface and public area in station(P<0.05). The correlation analysis of fungal count showed that the test results of air outlet were positively correlated with the total bacterial count of air outlet of fan cabinet and air duct surface(P <0.05). [Conclusion] From 2013-2017,the health status of central air conditioning ventilation system in the new subway stations of Wuhan City has been gradually improved. Excessive pollution of bacteria and fungi in the air supply is the main pollution characteristics. The degree of air pollution is related to the air quality in outdoor,fan cabinet and station.
引文
[1]张海云,李丽,蒋蓉芳,等.上海市地铁车站空气污染监测分析[J].环境与职业医学,2011,28(9):564-568.
[2]石斌,卢冰,陈文革,等.武汉市2007-2012年集中空调通风系统污染状况分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2013,12(6):477-479.
[3]石斌,刘俊玲,潘锋,等.武汉市某地铁线竣工验收卫生质量分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(3):106-108.
[4]石斌,刘俊玲,孙言凤,等.电子式空气净化消毒装置在集中空调通风系统中的应用[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(4):94-96.
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[8]张天骄.2014-2016年鞍山市公共场所集中空调污染状况[J].职业与健康,2018,34(11):1531-1533.
[9]陈美施,蒙钟琪,肖海清.深圳市龙华新区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况[J].职业与健康,2015,31(16):2246-2249.
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[11]陈茸,张琦,刘斌,等.无锡某地铁站站台公共区域集中空调通风系统卫生学评价[J].中国卫生工程学,2015,14(4):320-323.
[12]曾雪娇,杜喜浩,张佳,等.上海市轨道交通地下车站集中空调通风系统的卫生状况[J].环境与职业医学,2018,35(4):286-290.
[13]吴小燕,张峰,刘萍,等.西安市地铁1号线运营前后集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(2):31-33.
[14]吴浩生,殷道根,仇君,等.深圳市集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(6):502-504.
[15]杨伟超,彭立敏,施成华,等.地铁活塞风作用下屏蔽门的气动特性分析[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2009,30(2):120-124.
[16]何磊,雷波,毕海权.屏蔽门开启时地铁车站内空气流动规律分析[J].铁道建筑,2013(12):39-42.
[17]王芳,赵丽,于莹莹,等.广州地铁车站公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生影响因素分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2014,4(1):25-28.
[18]HWANG SH,PARK WM,AHN JK,et al.Relationship between culturable airborne bacteria concentrations and ventilation systems in underground subway stations in Seoul,South Korea[J].Air Quality Atmosphere&Health,2016,9(2):173-178.
[19]赖肖,邓志强,谢许情,等.2012-2014年南昌市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(5):449-451.
[2]石斌,卢冰,陈文革,等.武汉市2007-2012年集中空调通风系统污染状况分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2013,12(6):477-479.
[3]石斌,刘俊玲,潘锋,等.武汉市某地铁线竣工验收卫生质量分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(3):106-108.
[4]石斌,刘俊玲,孙言凤,等.电子式空气净化消毒装置在集中空调通风系统中的应用[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(4):94-96.
[5]中华人民共和国卫生部.公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范:WS 394-2012[S].北京:中国标准出版社出版,2012.
[6]国家技术监督局、中华人民共和国卫生部.公共交通等候室卫生标准:GB 9672-1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[7]何晓.2012-2014年南宁市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生监测结果[J].职业与健康,2016,32(18):2554-2557.
[8]张天骄.2014-2016年鞍山市公共场所集中空调污染状况[J].职业与健康,2018,34(11):1531-1533.
[9]陈美施,蒙钟琪,肖海清.深圳市龙华新区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况[J].职业与健康,2015,31(16):2246-2249.
[10]江思力,石同幸,吕嘉韵,等.广州市地铁站集中空调通风系统微生物污染状况[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(9):1113-1115.
[11]陈茸,张琦,刘斌,等.无锡某地铁站站台公共区域集中空调通风系统卫生学评价[J].中国卫生工程学,2015,14(4):320-323.
[12]曾雪娇,杜喜浩,张佳,等.上海市轨道交通地下车站集中空调通风系统的卫生状况[J].环境与职业医学,2018,35(4):286-290.
[13]吴小燕,张峰,刘萍,等.西安市地铁1号线运营前后集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(2):31-33.
[14]吴浩生,殷道根,仇君,等.深圳市集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(6):502-504.
[15]杨伟超,彭立敏,施成华,等.地铁活塞风作用下屏蔽门的气动特性分析[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2009,30(2):120-124.
[16]何磊,雷波,毕海权.屏蔽门开启时地铁车站内空气流动规律分析[J].铁道建筑,2013(12):39-42.
[17]王芳,赵丽,于莹莹,等.广州地铁车站公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生影响因素分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2014,4(1):25-28.
[18]HWANG SH,PARK WM,AHN JK,et al.Relationship between culturable airborne bacteria concentrations and ventilation systems in underground subway stations in Seoul,South Korea[J].Air Quality Atmosphere&Health,2016,9(2):173-178.
[19]赖肖,邓志强,谢许情,等.2012-2014年南昌市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(5):449-451.