山东省工业生态系统多样性
|
摘要
工业多样性是工业生态学关注和研究的重点,但其含义复杂,指标多种多样。选择了13个工业多样性指标,包括直接从生物多样性指数移植过来的4个指数,和根据特定目的专门构造出来的9个指数,以山东省140个县级行政单位2010年的四位码产业类型工业总产值和企业个数为统计单位,分析了山东省工业生态系统多样性的空间分布格局;采用探索性空间数据分析方法,解析了各县之间工业生态系统多样性的空间关联性。研究发现,13个工业多样性指标对山东省140个县的排序结果基本一致;2010年山东省各县工业发展很不平衡,不同县域工业发展水平有明显的差异,工业多样性高的县主要分布在青岛市、淄博市、烟台市、潍坊市、威海市、济南市、德州市、济宁市、临沂市、泰安市、枣庄市等11个地级市;各县之间工业多样性整体上表现为显著正相关的空间格局,即空间相似值的聚集分布,且以高-高聚集分布的县为主,呈现工业发展高地和洼地这种两极分化现象,其中工业发展核心区的县主要分布在青岛市、淄博市、泰安市、济南市、威海市、烟台市,工业发展洼地的县主要分布在滨州市、青岛市、枣庄市和东营市。此外,日照市、菏泽市、枣庄市存在工业发展不均衡的地区,与周边县的工业多样性空间差异较大。
Industrial diversity is an important frontier of industrial ecology research, involving various concepts and measurement methods. Using the annual survey of the industrial firms in Shandong Province in 2010, we chose 13 industrial diversity indices to calculate the industrial ecosystem diversity, including four indices directly transplanted from the biodiversity index, and nine indices constructed for specific purposes. Based on these indices, we described the spatial pattern of the industrial diversity in Shandong Province, and then we used the exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) to examine the spatial autocorrelation among different counties. The sorting results of the 13 diversity indices about the rank of counties in Shandong province were found to be nearly consistent; the industrial development in Shandong province was unbalanced, and there were apparent differences in the level of industrial development between counties. The counties with higher industrial diversity were mainly distributed in Qingdao, Zibo, Yantai, Weifang, Weihai, Jinan, Dezhou, Jining, Linyi, Taian, and Zaozhuang at the prefecture level. We also found that the industrial diversity among counties had a significantly positive spatial autocorrelation with geographic concentration patterns. It was mainly a high-high aggregation distribution pattern, suggesting the existence of the industrial development hotspot and coldspot polarization. The exploratory spatial data analysis revealed that the industrial development core counties were mainly located at Qingdao, Zibo, Taian, Jinan, Weihai, and Yantai, while the industrial development depression counties were mainly located at Binzhou, Qindao, Zaozhuang, and Dongying at the prefecture level in Shandong Province. In addition, Rizhao, Heze, and Zaozhuang came under the industrial development uneven counties, which was different from the surrounding counties.
Industrial diversity is an important frontier of industrial ecology research, involving various concepts and measurement methods. Using the annual survey of the industrial firms in Shandong Province in 2010, we chose 13 industrial diversity indices to calculate the industrial ecosystem diversity, including four indices directly transplanted from the biodiversity index, and nine indices constructed for specific purposes. Based on these indices, we described the spatial pattern of the industrial diversity in Shandong Province, and then we used the exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) to examine the spatial autocorrelation among different counties. The sorting results of the 13 diversity indices about the rank of counties in Shandong province were found to be nearly consistent; the industrial development in Shandong province was unbalanced, and there were apparent differences in the level of industrial development between counties. The counties with higher industrial diversity were mainly distributed in Qingdao, Zibo, Yantai, Weifang, Weihai, Jinan, Dezhou, Jining, Linyi, Taian, and Zaozhuang at the prefecture level. We also found that the industrial diversity among counties had a significantly positive spatial autocorrelation with geographic concentration patterns. It was mainly a high-high aggregation distribution pattern, suggesting the existence of the industrial development hotspot and coldspot polarization. The exploratory spatial data analysis revealed that the industrial development core counties were mainly located at Qingdao, Zibo, Taian, Jinan, Weihai, and Yantai, while the industrial development depression counties were mainly located at Binzhou, Qindao, Zaozhuang, and Dongying at the prefecture level in Shandong Province. In addition, Rizhao, Heze, and Zaozhuang came under the industrial development uneven counties, which was different from the surrounding counties.
引文
[1] Dissart J C.Regional economic diversity and regional economic stability:research results and agenda.International Regional Science Review,2003,26(4):423- 446.
[2] Conroy M E.The concept and measurement of regional industrial diversification.Southern Economic Journal,1975,41(3):492- 505.
[3] Mack E,Grubesic T H,Kessler E.Indices of industrial diversity and regional economic composition.Growth and Change,2007,38(3):474- 509.
[4] Wagner J E.Regional economic diversity:action,concept,or state of confusion.The Journal of Regional Analysis & Policy,2000,30:2.
[5] McLaughlin G E.Industrial diversification in American cities.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1930,45(1):131- 149.
[6] 刘晔,石磊.工业生态系统多样性评述.生态学报,2016,36(22):7302- 7309.
[7] Izraeli O,Murphy K J.The effect of industrial diversity on state unemployment rate and per capita income.The Annals of Regional Science,2003,37(1):1- 14.
[8] 栾贵勤.区域经济增长.长春:吉林教育出版社,2001.
[9] He C F,Ye X Y,Wang J S.Industrial agglomeration and exporting in China:what is the link?.Regional Science Policy & Practice,2012,4(3):317- 333.
[10] Duranton G,Puga D.Diversity and specialisation in cities:why,where and when does it matter?.Urban Studies,2000,37(3):533- 555.
[11] Utton M A.Large firm diversification in British manufacturing industry.The Economic Journal,1977,87(345):96- 113.
[12] Gourlay A,Seaton J.The determinants of firm diversification in UK quoted companies.Applied Economics,2004,36(18):2059- 2071.
[13] Scherer F M.Schumpeter and plausible capitalism.Journal of economic literature,1992,30(3):1416- 1433.
[14] Bishop P,Wiseman N.External ownership and innovation in the United Kingdom.Applied Economics,1999,31(4):443- 450.
[15] Imbs J,Wacziarg R.Stages of diversification.American Economic Review,2003,93(1):63- 86.
[16] He C F.Foreign manufacturing investment in China:The role of industrial agglomeration and industrial linkages.China & World Economy,2008,16(1):82- 99.
[17] Lu J Y,Tao Z G.Trends and determinants of China′s industrial agglomeration.Journal of Urban Economics,2009,65(2):167- 180.
[18] 罗胤晨,谷人旭.1980- 2011年中国制造业空间集聚格局及其演变趋势.经济地理,2014,34(7):82- 89.
[19] 任杲,王光辉.产业集聚与产业发展的区域差异分析.商业经济研究,2016,(1):177- 179.
[20] Hering L,Poncet S.The impact of economic geography on wages:Disentangling the channels of influence.China Economic Review,2009,20(1):1- 14.
[21] 冯根福,刘志勇,蒋文定.我国东中西部地区间工业产业转移的趋势、特征及形成原因分析.当代经济科学,2010,32(2):1- 10.
[22] Dawley S.Creating new paths?Offshore wind,policy activism,and peripheral region development.Economic Geography,2014,90(1):91- 112.
[23] 金煜,陈钊,陆铭.中国的地区工业集聚:经济地理、新经济地理与经济政策.经济研究,2006,(4):79- 89.
[24] 贺灿飞,谢秀珍,潘峰华.中国制造业省区分布及其影响因素.地理研究,2008,27(3):623- 635.
[25] Co?ar A K,Fajgelbaum P D.Internal Geography,international trade,and regional specialization.American Economic Journal:Microeconomics,2016,8(1):24- 56.
[26] He C F,Guo Q,Ye X Y.Geographical agglomeration and co-agglomeration of exporters and nonexporters in China.GeoJournal,2016,81(6):947- 964.
[27] 李伟,贺灿飞.中国出口产业的空间格局演变.经济地理,2017,37(3):96- 105.
[28] 贺灿飞,朱彦刚,朱晟君.产业特性、区域特征与中国制造业省区集聚.地理学报,2010,65(10):1218- 1228.
[29] 习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告.人民日报,2017- 10- 28(01).
[30] 贺珍瑞,洪梅香,牛芳兵.产业结构优化和经济增长路径的区域差异研究——以山东省为例.东岳论丛,2017,38(11):144- 150.
[31] Rhoades S A.The Herfindahl-Hirschman index.Fed Reserve Bull,1993,79(3):188- 189.
[32] Tress R C.Unemployment and the diversification of industry.The Manchester School,1938,9(2):140- 152.
[33] Bahl R W,Firestine R,Phares D.Industrial diversity in urban areas:Alternative measures and intermetropolitan comparisons.Economic Geography,1971,47(3):414- 425.
[34] Bernat Jr G A,Repice E S.Industrial composition of state earnings in 1958- 98.Survey of Current Business,2000,80:70- 78.
[35] Krugman P.Geography and Trade.Cambridge,Mass.:MIT Press,1991.
[36] Siegel P B,Johnson T G,Alwang J.Regional economic diversity and diversification.Growth and Change,1995,26(2):261- 284.
[37] Frenken K,Van Oort F,Verburg T.Related variety,unrelated variety and regional economic growth.Regional Studies,2007,41(5):685- 697.
[38] Boschma R,Iammarino S.Related Variety,Trade Variety and Regional Growth in Italy.Utrecht:Utrecht University,2008.
[39] Simpson E H.Measurement of diversity.Nature,1949,163(4148):688- 668.
[40] Pielou E C.数学生态学(第二版).卢泽愚,译.北京:科学出版社,1991.
[41] Piolou E C.数学生态学引论.卢泽愚,译.北京:科学出版社,1978.
[42] Getis A,Ord J K.The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics//Anselin L,Rey S J,eds.Perspectives on Spatial Data Analysis.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2010:127- 145.
[43] Anselin L.Local indicators of spatial association-LISA.Geographical analysis,1995,27(2):93- 115.
[44] Ellison G,Glaeser E L.The geographic concentration of industry:Does natural advantage explain agglomeration?.The American Economic Review,1999,89(2):311- 316.
[45] Neffke F,Henning M,Boschma R.How do regions diversify over time?Industry relatedness and the development of new growth paths in regions.Economic Geography,2011,87(3):237- 265.
[46] Thun E.Keeping up with the Jones′:decentralization,policy imitation,and industrial development in China.World Development,2004,32(8):1289- 1308.
[47] Block F,Keller M.State of Innovation:the US Government′s Role in Technology Development.Boulder,Colorado:Paradigm Publishers,2010.
[48] Catin M,Luo X B,Van Huffel C.Openness,Industrialization,and Geographic Concentration of Activities in China.Washington,DC:World Bank,2005:3706.
[49] 魏玮,马松昌.基于动态面板GMM分析的产业集聚与经济增长实证研究——以山东半岛城市群为例.上海经济研究,2013,25(6):23- 32.
[50] 章元,刘修岩.聚集经济与经济增长:来自中国的经验证据.世界经济,2008,(3):60- 70.
[51] 范剑勇.产业集聚与地区间劳动生产率差异.经济研究,2006,(11):72- 81.
[52] 林理升,王晔倩.运输成本、劳动力流动与制造业区域分布.经济研究,2006,(3):115- 125.
[53] Bosker M.Growth,agglomeration and convergence:a space-time analysis for European regions.Spatial Economic Analysis,2007,2(1):91- 100.
[54] Cole M A,Elliott R J R.Determining the trade-environment composition effect:the role of capital,labor and environmental regulations.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2003,46(3):363- 383.
[55] 张可云,傅帅雄,张文彬.产业结构差异下各省份环境规治强度量化研究.江淮论坛,2009,(6):10- 15.
[2] Conroy M E.The concept and measurement of regional industrial diversification.Southern Economic Journal,1975,41(3):492- 505.
[3] Mack E,Grubesic T H,Kessler E.Indices of industrial diversity and regional economic composition.Growth and Change,2007,38(3):474- 509.
[4] Wagner J E.Regional economic diversity:action,concept,or state of confusion.The Journal of Regional Analysis & Policy,2000,30:2.
[5] McLaughlin G E.Industrial diversification in American cities.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1930,45(1):131- 149.
[6] 刘晔,石磊.工业生态系统多样性评述.生态学报,2016,36(22):7302- 7309.
[7] Izraeli O,Murphy K J.The effect of industrial diversity on state unemployment rate and per capita income.The Annals of Regional Science,2003,37(1):1- 14.
[8] 栾贵勤.区域经济增长.长春:吉林教育出版社,2001.
[9] He C F,Ye X Y,Wang J S.Industrial agglomeration and exporting in China:what is the link?.Regional Science Policy & Practice,2012,4(3):317- 333.
[10] Duranton G,Puga D.Diversity and specialisation in cities:why,where and when does it matter?.Urban Studies,2000,37(3):533- 555.
[11] Utton M A.Large firm diversification in British manufacturing industry.The Economic Journal,1977,87(345):96- 113.
[12] Gourlay A,Seaton J.The determinants of firm diversification in UK quoted companies.Applied Economics,2004,36(18):2059- 2071.
[13] Scherer F M.Schumpeter and plausible capitalism.Journal of economic literature,1992,30(3):1416- 1433.
[14] Bishop P,Wiseman N.External ownership and innovation in the United Kingdom.Applied Economics,1999,31(4):443- 450.
[15] Imbs J,Wacziarg R.Stages of diversification.American Economic Review,2003,93(1):63- 86.
[16] He C F.Foreign manufacturing investment in China:The role of industrial agglomeration and industrial linkages.China & World Economy,2008,16(1):82- 99.
[17] Lu J Y,Tao Z G.Trends and determinants of China′s industrial agglomeration.Journal of Urban Economics,2009,65(2):167- 180.
[18] 罗胤晨,谷人旭.1980- 2011年中国制造业空间集聚格局及其演变趋势.经济地理,2014,34(7):82- 89.
[19] 任杲,王光辉.产业集聚与产业发展的区域差异分析.商业经济研究,2016,(1):177- 179.
[20] Hering L,Poncet S.The impact of economic geography on wages:Disentangling the channels of influence.China Economic Review,2009,20(1):1- 14.
[21] 冯根福,刘志勇,蒋文定.我国东中西部地区间工业产业转移的趋势、特征及形成原因分析.当代经济科学,2010,32(2):1- 10.
[22] Dawley S.Creating new paths?Offshore wind,policy activism,and peripheral region development.Economic Geography,2014,90(1):91- 112.
[23] 金煜,陈钊,陆铭.中国的地区工业集聚:经济地理、新经济地理与经济政策.经济研究,2006,(4):79- 89.
[24] 贺灿飞,谢秀珍,潘峰华.中国制造业省区分布及其影响因素.地理研究,2008,27(3):623- 635.
[25] Co?ar A K,Fajgelbaum P D.Internal Geography,international trade,and regional specialization.American Economic Journal:Microeconomics,2016,8(1):24- 56.
[26] He C F,Guo Q,Ye X Y.Geographical agglomeration and co-agglomeration of exporters and nonexporters in China.GeoJournal,2016,81(6):947- 964.
[27] 李伟,贺灿飞.中国出口产业的空间格局演变.经济地理,2017,37(3):96- 105.
[28] 贺灿飞,朱彦刚,朱晟君.产业特性、区域特征与中国制造业省区集聚.地理学报,2010,65(10):1218- 1228.
[29] 习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告.人民日报,2017- 10- 28(01).
[30] 贺珍瑞,洪梅香,牛芳兵.产业结构优化和经济增长路径的区域差异研究——以山东省为例.东岳论丛,2017,38(11):144- 150.
[31] Rhoades S A.The Herfindahl-Hirschman index.Fed Reserve Bull,1993,79(3):188- 189.
[32] Tress R C.Unemployment and the diversification of industry.The Manchester School,1938,9(2):140- 152.
[33] Bahl R W,Firestine R,Phares D.Industrial diversity in urban areas:Alternative measures and intermetropolitan comparisons.Economic Geography,1971,47(3):414- 425.
[34] Bernat Jr G A,Repice E S.Industrial composition of state earnings in 1958- 98.Survey of Current Business,2000,80:70- 78.
[35] Krugman P.Geography and Trade.Cambridge,Mass.:MIT Press,1991.
[36] Siegel P B,Johnson T G,Alwang J.Regional economic diversity and diversification.Growth and Change,1995,26(2):261- 284.
[37] Frenken K,Van Oort F,Verburg T.Related variety,unrelated variety and regional economic growth.Regional Studies,2007,41(5):685- 697.
[38] Boschma R,Iammarino S.Related Variety,Trade Variety and Regional Growth in Italy.Utrecht:Utrecht University,2008.
[39] Simpson E H.Measurement of diversity.Nature,1949,163(4148):688- 668.
[40] Pielou E C.数学生态学(第二版).卢泽愚,译.北京:科学出版社,1991.
[41] Piolou E C.数学生态学引论.卢泽愚,译.北京:科学出版社,1978.
[42] Getis A,Ord J K.The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics//Anselin L,Rey S J,eds.Perspectives on Spatial Data Analysis.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2010:127- 145.
[43] Anselin L.Local indicators of spatial association-LISA.Geographical analysis,1995,27(2):93- 115.
[44] Ellison G,Glaeser E L.The geographic concentration of industry:Does natural advantage explain agglomeration?.The American Economic Review,1999,89(2):311- 316.
[45] Neffke F,Henning M,Boschma R.How do regions diversify over time?Industry relatedness and the development of new growth paths in regions.Economic Geography,2011,87(3):237- 265.
[46] Thun E.Keeping up with the Jones′:decentralization,policy imitation,and industrial development in China.World Development,2004,32(8):1289- 1308.
[47] Block F,Keller M.State of Innovation:the US Government′s Role in Technology Development.Boulder,Colorado:Paradigm Publishers,2010.
[48] Catin M,Luo X B,Van Huffel C.Openness,Industrialization,and Geographic Concentration of Activities in China.Washington,DC:World Bank,2005:3706.
[49] 魏玮,马松昌.基于动态面板GMM分析的产业集聚与经济增长实证研究——以山东半岛城市群为例.上海经济研究,2013,25(6):23- 32.
[50] 章元,刘修岩.聚集经济与经济增长:来自中国的经验证据.世界经济,2008,(3):60- 70.
[51] 范剑勇.产业集聚与地区间劳动生产率差异.经济研究,2006,(11):72- 81.
[52] 林理升,王晔倩.运输成本、劳动力流动与制造业区域分布.经济研究,2006,(3):115- 125.
[53] Bosker M.Growth,agglomeration and convergence:a space-time analysis for European regions.Spatial Economic Analysis,2007,2(1):91- 100.
[54] Cole M A,Elliott R J R.Determining the trade-environment composition effect:the role of capital,labor and environmental regulations.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2003,46(3):363- 383.
[55] 张可云,傅帅雄,张文彬.产业结构差异下各省份环境规治强度量化研究.江淮论坛,2009,(6):10- 15.