昆明市6个绿化树种叶表微结构与滞尘能力的关系研究
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摘要
以昆明市6种典型绿化树种为研究对象,采用水洗过滤称量法测定叶片滞尘量,并用S-3000N型扫描电镜观察叶表形态结构特征。结果表明:不同树种间滞尘量差异明显,6个树种单位面积滞尘量从大到小依次为桂花>广玉兰>锦绣杜鹃>红花檵木>法国梧桐>香樟。同一树种在四季的滞尘能力存在差异,秋季或冬季的滞尘量最大。叶表面有褶皱且粗糙,沟壑宽度适中且分布不规则,气孔密集且开口大的桂花滞尘能力最强,年均滞尘量为4.532 5 g/m2;有大量缠绕型绒毛的广玉兰滞尘能力次之,年均滞尘量为2.633 6 g/m2;沟壑较宽、气孔数量少且多闭合、无绒毛的香樟滞尘能力最差,年均滞尘量为0.727 5 g/m2。因此,植物叶表面的粗糙度、气孔密度和开口大小、绒毛密度和分布特征是影响叶片滞尘能力的主要因素,在进行城市绿化树种选择时,选择叶面形态对滞尘有利的树种可提高植物净化大气的效果。
Taking 6 typical greening tree species in Kunming as the research object. The dust retention of the leaves was determined by washing and filtering method, and the morphological structure of the leaves was observed by S-3000 N scanning electron microscopy. Results show that there are significant differences in dust retention among different tree species. The amount of dust in the unit area of 6 tree species from large to small is Osmanthus fragrans > Magnolia grandiflora > Rhododendron pulchrum > Loropetalum chinense > Platanus acerifolia > Cinnamomum camphora. The dust retention ability of the same tree species is different in the 4 quarters of a year, and the dust retention in autumn and winter are the largest. Leaf surface fold and rough, gap width and distribution is irregular, moderate opening stomatal density and strongest dust detentions of O. fragrans, the average annual dust retention is 4.532 5 g/m2. Dust retention ability of M. grandiflora with a large number of winding villi is the 2 nd, the average annual dust retention is 2.633 6 g/m2. C. camphora is the worst with wide gully, fewer stomata and more closed and fluffy, the average annual dust retention is 0.727 5 g/m2. Therefore, when selecting tree species for urban greening, choosing tree species whose leaf shape is beneficial to dust retention can improve the effect of the plant to purify the atmosphere.
Taking 6 typical greening tree species in Kunming as the research object. The dust retention of the leaves was determined by washing and filtering method, and the morphological structure of the leaves was observed by S-3000 N scanning electron microscopy. Results show that there are significant differences in dust retention among different tree species. The amount of dust in the unit area of 6 tree species from large to small is Osmanthus fragrans > Magnolia grandiflora > Rhododendron pulchrum > Loropetalum chinense > Platanus acerifolia > Cinnamomum camphora. The dust retention ability of the same tree species is different in the 4 quarters of a year, and the dust retention in autumn and winter are the largest. Leaf surface fold and rough, gap width and distribution is irregular, moderate opening stomatal density and strongest dust detentions of O. fragrans, the average annual dust retention is 4.532 5 g/m2. Dust retention ability of M. grandiflora with a large number of winding villi is the 2 nd, the average annual dust retention is 2.633 6 g/m2. C. camphora is the worst with wide gully, fewer stomata and more closed and fluffy, the average annual dust retention is 0.727 5 g/m2. Therefore, when selecting tree species for urban greening, choosing tree species whose leaf shape is beneficial to dust retention can improve the effect of the plant to purify the atmosphere.
引文
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[19]Madhavi L K,Highwood E J.Studies on particulate matter(PM10)and its precursors over urban environment of Reading,UK[J].Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,2006,101(2):367-379.
[20]刘童,田祎,龚宇,等.植物单位面积滞尘量试验的精确度控制[J].现代园艺,2014,14(6):16.
[21]高志慧.山西大同大学校园主要绿化植物滞尘能力的研究[J].山西大同大学学报(自然科学版),2016,32(3):61-64.
[22]Pal A,Kulshreshtha K,Ahmad K J,et al.Do leaf surfacecharacters play a role in plant resistance to auto-exhaust pollution?[J].Flora,2002,197(1):47-55.
[23]夏侯祯.大连市18种常见行道树滞尘能力研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2015.
[24]贾彦,吴超,董春芳,等.7种绿化植物滞尘的微观测定[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(11):4547-4553.
[25]柴一新,祝宁,韩焕金.城市绿化树种的滞尘效应:以哈尔滨市为例[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1121-1126.
[26]李海梅,刘霞.青岛市城阳区主要园林树种叶片表皮形态与滞尘量的关系[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(10):1659-1662.
[27]杨佳,王会霞,谢滨泽,等.北京9个树种叶片滞尘量及叶面微形态解释[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):384-392.
[28]程雨萌,王云琦,王玉杰,等.北京市5种典型植物滞尘特征及影响因素[J].环境化学,2006,35(8):1690-1697.
[29]杜双洋,金研铭,庄波.长春地区常用绿化树种滞尘能力研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(14):7233-7237.
[30]王会霞,石辉,张雅静,等.大叶女贞叶面结构对滞留颗粒物粒径的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(1):258-2622.
[31]王会霞,石辉,李秧秧.城市绿化植物叶片表面特征对滞尘能力的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3077-3082.
[32]Burkhardt J,Peters K,Crossley A.The presence of structural surface waxes on coniferous needles affects the pattern of dry deposition of fine particles[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1995,46(7):823-831.
[33]高金晖,王冬梅,赵亮,等.植物叶片滞尘规律研究:以北京市为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(2):94-99.
[34]李玫,章金鸿.大气污染的植物修复及其机理研究的进展[J].广州环境科学,2006,6(2):39-43.
[2]白微静.环境空气PM2.5危害分析与防护[J].低碳世界,2017,17(4):34-35.
[3]Laucks M L.Aerosol technology properties,behavior,and measurement of airborne particles[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2000,31(9):1121-1122.
[4]Hueglin C,Gehrig R,Baltensperger U,et al.Chemical characterisation of PM2.5,PM10 and coarse particles at urban,near-city and rural sites in Switzerland[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(4):637-651.
[5]王明仕,刘克武,钦凡,等.焦作市高新区冬季大气不同粒径颗粒物质量特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(10):81-84.
[6]董婷,李天昕,赵秀阁,等.某焦化厂周边大气PM10重金属来源及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(4):1238-1244.
[7]Goudarzi G,Shirmardi M,Khodarahmi F,et al.Particulate matter and bacteria characteristics of the Middle East Dust(MED)storms over Ahvaz,Iran[J].Aerobiologia,2014,30(4):345-356.
[8]张桐,洪秀玲,孙立炜,等.6种植物叶片的滞尘能力与其叶面结构的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(6):70-77.
[9]孙晓丹,李海梅,郭霄,等.10种灌木树种滞留大气颗粒物的能力[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(2):1047-1054.
[10]鲁敏,李英杰,鲁金鹏.绿化树种对大气污染物吸收净化能力的研究[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(2):7-9.
[11]张鹏骞,朱明淏,刘艳菊,等.北京路边9种植物叶片表面微结构及其滞尘潜力研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2126-2133.
[12]刘颖,李冬杰,李朝炜,等.绿化植物叶面特征对滞尘效应的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):454-457.
[13]刘玲,方炎明,王顺昌,等.7种树木的叶片微形态与空气悬浮颗粒吸附及重金属累积特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2361-2367.
[14]陆锡东,李萍娇,贺庆梅,等.宜州城区5种行道树叶表面特征及滞尘效果比较[J].河池学院学报,2014,34(5):37-43.
[15]王宽,李涛,齐增湘,等.湘江流域土地利用时空变化及其影响因子研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(5):179-187.
[16]谢滨泽,王会霞,杨佳,等.北京常见阔叶绿化植物滞留PM2.5能力与叶面微结构的关系[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(12):2432-2438.
[17]昆明统计局.2016年昆明市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R/OL].(2017-04-19)[2017-05-20]http://www.km.gov.cn/c/2017-04-19/1763180.shtml.
[18]李艳梅,陈奇伯,李艳芹,等.昆明10个绿化树种对不同污染区的滞尘及吸净效应[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(3):105-110.
[19]Madhavi L K,Highwood E J.Studies on particulate matter(PM10)and its precursors over urban environment of Reading,UK[J].Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,2006,101(2):367-379.
[20]刘童,田祎,龚宇,等.植物单位面积滞尘量试验的精确度控制[J].现代园艺,2014,14(6):16.
[21]高志慧.山西大同大学校园主要绿化植物滞尘能力的研究[J].山西大同大学学报(自然科学版),2016,32(3):61-64.
[22]Pal A,Kulshreshtha K,Ahmad K J,et al.Do leaf surfacecharacters play a role in plant resistance to auto-exhaust pollution?[J].Flora,2002,197(1):47-55.
[23]夏侯祯.大连市18种常见行道树滞尘能力研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2015.
[24]贾彦,吴超,董春芳,等.7种绿化植物滞尘的微观测定[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(11):4547-4553.
[25]柴一新,祝宁,韩焕金.城市绿化树种的滞尘效应:以哈尔滨市为例[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1121-1126.
[26]李海梅,刘霞.青岛市城阳区主要园林树种叶片表皮形态与滞尘量的关系[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(10):1659-1662.
[27]杨佳,王会霞,谢滨泽,等.北京9个树种叶片滞尘量及叶面微形态解释[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):384-392.
[28]程雨萌,王云琦,王玉杰,等.北京市5种典型植物滞尘特征及影响因素[J].环境化学,2006,35(8):1690-1697.
[29]杜双洋,金研铭,庄波.长春地区常用绿化树种滞尘能力研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(14):7233-7237.
[30]王会霞,石辉,张雅静,等.大叶女贞叶面结构对滞留颗粒物粒径的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(1):258-2622.
[31]王会霞,石辉,李秧秧.城市绿化植物叶片表面特征对滞尘能力的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3077-3082.
[32]Burkhardt J,Peters K,Crossley A.The presence of structural surface waxes on coniferous needles affects the pattern of dry deposition of fine particles[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1995,46(7):823-831.
[33]高金晖,王冬梅,赵亮,等.植物叶片滞尘规律研究:以北京市为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(2):94-99.
[34]李玫,章金鸿.大气污染的植物修复及其机理研究的进展[J].广州环境科学,2006,6(2):39-43.
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