南京城市森林植物叶面颗粒物的含量特征
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摘要
采集了6个功能区(文教区绿地、城市公园绿地、居住区绿地、商业区绿地、工业区绿地和城市天然林)距离交通密集区不同位置(主干道、二级道路、绿地中心)的3种植物(法桐(Platanus orientalis Linn.)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.)Lour.)、红叶石楠(Photinia×Fraseri))的叶面颗粒物,定量分析了南京城市森林植物叶面颗粒物的含量及粒径分布。结果表明:(1)3种植物叶面单位面积滞尘量大小依次为红叶石楠((6.189±1.255)g/m~2)、桂花((3.739±0.877)g/m~2)、法桐((2.753±0.744)g/m~2)。红叶石楠植物叶面单位面积滞尘量最高,分别约为桂花和法桐的1.7、2.2倍,且距离交通密集区越近,植物叶面单位面积滞尘量越高;(2)植物叶面颗粒物以粒径>10.0～250.0μm的颗粒物为主,但其粒径分布受到植物种类、功能区以及距离交通密集区的远近影响。(3)植物叶面单位面积滞尘量受到植物生理特征、环境因素及尘源特征的共同影响。
By using the method of field surveys,leaf surface particulate matter were collected from 6 different land use(green space of cultural and educational zone(CZ),urban parks(UP),residential zone(RZ),business zone(BZ),industrial zone(IZ)and urban rural forest(URF)),different location from traffic intensive area(arterial road,secondary road and greenland centre),3 kinds of plants(Platanus orientalis Linn.,Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.)Lour.,Photinia×Fraseri),dust retention per unit area of leaf surface were compared,and particle size distributions were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)dust retention per unit area of leaf surface were(6.189±1.255),(3.739±0.877)and(2.753±0.744)g/m~2 for Photinia×Fraseri,Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.)Lour.and Platanus orientalis Linn.,respectively.Leaf surface of Photinia×Fraseri had the highest dust retention per unit area,which was about 1.7 and 2.2 times of that of Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.)Lour.and Platanus orientalis Linn..The closer the distance to main road,the higher the dust retention per unit area of leaf surface.(2)>10.0～250.0μm was the main particle size on plant leaf surface,but its distribution was effected by plants,land use and traffic.(3)The dust retention per unit area of plant leaf surface was influenced by physiological characteristics of plant,environmental factors and dust source characteristics.
By using the method of field surveys,leaf surface particulate matter were collected from 6 different land use(green space of cultural and educational zone(CZ),urban parks(UP),residential zone(RZ),business zone(BZ),industrial zone(IZ)and urban rural forest(URF)),different location from traffic intensive area(arterial road,secondary road and greenland centre),3 kinds of plants(Platanus orientalis Linn.,Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.)Lour.,Photinia×Fraseri),dust retention per unit area of leaf surface were compared,and particle size distributions were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)dust retention per unit area of leaf surface were(6.189±1.255),(3.739±0.877)and(2.753±0.744)g/m~2 for Photinia×Fraseri,Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.)Lour.and Platanus orientalis Linn.,respectively.Leaf surface of Photinia×Fraseri had the highest dust retention per unit area,which was about 1.7 and 2.2 times of that of Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.)Lour.and Platanus orientalis Linn..The closer the distance to main road,the higher the dust retention per unit area of leaf surface.(2)>10.0～250.0μm was the main particle size on plant leaf surface,but its distribution was effected by plants,land use and traffic.(3)The dust retention per unit area of plant leaf surface was influenced by physiological characteristics of plant,environmental factors and dust source characteristics.
引文
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[21]齐飞艳,朱彦锋,赵勇,等.郑州市园林植物滞留大气颗粒物能力的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(3):256-259.
[22]杜譞,傅立新,朱汉昌,等.武汉市道路边环境机动车尾气污染的暴露评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(3):241-243.
[23]陶志华,谢松青,何微娜,等.台州市大气PM2.5中PAHs的污染特征与毒性评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(7):152-156.
[24]林永崇,穆桂金,徐立帅,等.策勒绿洲天然环境中几种乔木叶面滞尘特性[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):241-245.
[25]彭丹,陈进生,任引.厦门市行道树芒果和高山榕叶面尘理化特性研究[J].福建林业科技,2011,38(2):62-67,80.
[2]王晓磊,王成.城市森林调控空气颗粒物的功能研究进展[J].生态学报,2014,34(8):1910-1921.
[3]LIU J,CAO Z,ZOU S,et al.An investigation of the leaf retention capacity,efficiency and mechanism for atmospheric particulate matter of five greening tree species in Beijing,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,616/617:417-426.
[4]SONG Y,MAHER B A,LI F,et al.Particulate matter deposited on leaf of five evergreen species in Beijing,China:source identification and size distribution[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,105(1):53-60.
[5]CHEN X,ZHOU Z,TENG M,et al.Accumulation of three different sizes of particulate matter on plant leaf surfaces:effect on leaf traits[J].Archives of Biological Sciences,2015,67(4):1257-1267.
[6]SABA A,POPEK R,NAWROT B,et al.Plant species differences in particulate matter accumulation on leaf surfaces[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,427/428:347-354.
[7]DZIERZANOWSKI K,POPEK R,GAWRONSKA H,et al.Deposition of particulate matter of different size fractions on leaf surfaces and in waxes of urban forest species[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2011,13(10):1037-1046.
[8]乔冠皓,陈警伟,刘肖瑜,等.两种常见绿化树种对大气颗粒物的滞留与再悬浮[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):266-272.
[9]赵松婷,李新宇,李延明.园林植物滞留不同粒径大气颗粒物的特征及规律[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(2):271-276.
[10]张维康,王兵,牛香.不同树种叶片微观结构对其滞纳空气颗粒物功能的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(9):2507-2513.
[11]张桐,洪秀玲,孙立炜,等.6种植物叶片的滞尘能力与其叶面结构的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(6):70-77.
[12]张鹏骞,朱明淏,刘艳菊,等.北京路边9种植物叶片表面微结构及其滞尘潜力研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(2):2126-2133.
[13]刘强,陈荣,邓瑜衡.植物去除空气污染物的机理研究进展[J].安全与环境工程,2007,14(1):24-27.
[14]刘同彦,纪媛,蒋春晓,等.基于洗脱称量粒度分析的北京常见树种树叶滞纳大气颗粒物特性[J].林业科学,2016,52(12):74-83.
[15]段嵩岚,闫淑君,吴艳芳,等.福州市11种绿化灌木春季滞留颗粒物效应研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2017,37(4):47-53.
[16]胡雪,乔保军,侯巍,等.通州区东郊森林公园不同树种叶片滞尘能力探究[J].中国水土保持,2017(7):59-62.
[17]张维康,王兵,牛香.北京不同污染地区园林植物对空气颗粒物的滞纳能力[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2381-2388.
[18]石婕,刘庆倩,安海龙,等.不同污染程度下毛白杨叶表面PM2.5颗粒的数量及性质和叶片气孔形态的比较研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7522-7530.
[19]唐明.唐山市工矿区主要园林植物滞尘能力的初步研究[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(19):3664-3668.
[20]王建辉,刘奕清,邹敏.永川城区主要绿化植物的滞尘效应[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(3):1079-1084.
[21]齐飞艳,朱彦锋,赵勇,等.郑州市园林植物滞留大气颗粒物能力的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2009,43(3):256-259.
[22]杜譞,傅立新,朱汉昌,等.武汉市道路边环境机动车尾气污染的暴露评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(3):241-243.
[23]陶志华,谢松青,何微娜,等.台州市大气PM2.5中PAHs的污染特征与毒性评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(7):152-156.
[24]林永崇,穆桂金,徐立帅,等.策勒绿洲天然环境中几种乔木叶面滞尘特性[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):241-245.
[25]彭丹,陈进生,任引.厦门市行道树芒果和高山榕叶面尘理化特性研究[J].福建林业科技,2011,38(2):62-67,80.
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