滑坡涌浪下斜坡波压力经验估算方法的对比
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摘要
斜坡波压力计算公式经验性较强,计算公式种类繁多。为了探讨经验公式在预测滑坡涌浪对斜坡作用力的适用性问题,构建几何比尺为1∶70的滑坡涌浪三维物理模型,试验研究了不同工况时滑坡涌浪最大波与有效波下斜坡作用力的变化规律,采用3种常用的斜坡波压力经验公式,对比分析了滑坡涌浪下滑坡入水点正对岸斜坡波压力大小、作用点位置及分布特性。结果表明,3种经验公式计算结果有较大的差异,基于试验结果,路基公式经修正后可用于预测滑坡涌浪下斜坡波压力大小;向金公式经修正后可用于预测滑坡涌浪破碎作用点位置;波压力在斜坡上的分布趋势与苏联公式是一致的。
The slope wave pressure calculation is highly empirical and has a wide variety of calculation formulas.In order to explore the applicability of empirical formulas in predicting the pressure of landslide-generated impulse wave on the slope,we constructed a three-dimensional physical model of landslide-generated impulse wave with a geometric scale of 1:70.We studied the variation law of slope wave pressure under the maximum and the effective landslide-generated impulse waves under different working conditions.Three commonly used empirical formulas for slope wave pressure were used for comparison and analysis of the magnitude,action point position,and distribution characteristics of the pressure of landslide-generated impulse wave on the slope that was directly opposite the water entry point of the landslide.The results showed that the results of the three empirical formulas were quite different.According to the test results,the modified Subgrade Formula can be used to predict the magnitude of the slope wave pressure under landslide-generated impulse wave;the modifiedШАНКИНFormula can be used to predict the breaking point position of landslide-generated impulse wave;the distribution trend of the wave pressure on the slope is consistent with the Soviet Standard Formula.
The slope wave pressure calculation is highly empirical and has a wide variety of calculation formulas.In order to explore the applicability of empirical formulas in predicting the pressure of landslide-generated impulse wave on the slope,we constructed a three-dimensional physical model of landslide-generated impulse wave with a geometric scale of 1:70.We studied the variation law of slope wave pressure under the maximum and the effective landslide-generated impulse waves under different working conditions.Three commonly used empirical formulas for slope wave pressure were used for comparison and analysis of the magnitude,action point position,and distribution characteristics of the pressure of landslide-generated impulse wave on the slope that was directly opposite the water entry point of the landslide.The results showed that the results of the three empirical formulas were quite different.According to the test results,the modified Subgrade Formula can be used to predict the magnitude of the slope wave pressure under landslide-generated impulse wave;the modifiedШАНКИНFormula can be used to predict the breaking point position of landslide-generated impulse wave;the distribution trend of the wave pressure on the slope is consistent with the Soviet Standard Formula.
引文
[1]潘宝雄.“波浪对斜坡堤作用”的现场调查研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,1986(3):68-99.(PAN B X.Field investigation of wave action for rubble-mound breakwater[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong Institute,1986(3):68-99.(in Chinese))
[2] BLACKMORE P A,HEWSON P J.Experiments on full-scale wave impact pressures[J].Coastal Engineering,1984,8:331-346.
[3] DE CARVALHO R F,ANTUNES DO CARMO J S,PESTANA A.Waves caused by landslides into reservoirs and their impacts on dams[M].Hydraulic Structures:a Challenge to Engineers and Researchers,Brisbane,Australia:The University of Queensland,2006,125-134.
[4] DE CARVALHO R F,ANTUNES DO CARMO J S.Numerical and experimental modelling of the generation and propagation of waves caused by landslides into reservoirs and their effects on dams[M].River Flow 2006,BALKEMA,2006,483-492.
[5] DE CARVALHO R F,ANTUNES DO CARMO J S.Landslides into reservoirs and their impacts on banks[J].Environmental Fluid Mechanics,2007,7(6):481-493.
[6]冯卫兵,张惠,郝青玲.斜坡面波浪冲击力试验研究及现场资料分析[J].海洋工程,2012(4):97-102.(FENG W B,ZHANG H,HAO Q L.Experimental study of wave impact pressure on the protection slab of uniform slope and field data analysis[J].The Ocean Engineering,2012(4):97-102.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16483/j.issn.1005-9865.2012.04.007.
[7]冯卫兵,崔磊,仲南艳,等.斜坡堤护面板上最大波压力研究[J].水运工程,2013(1):12-15.(FENG W B,CUI L,ZHONG N Y et al.On peak wave impact pressure on protection slab of uniform slope[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2013(1):12-15.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16233/j.cnki.issn1002-4972.2013.01.004.
[8]潘少华译.波浪、冰凌和船舶对水工建筑物的荷载作用.苏联规范(СНИПⅡ)[M].北京:海洋出版社.1986.(PAN S H translation.Waves,ice and ships on hydraulic structures load effect.Soviet norms(СНИПⅡ)[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,1986.(in Chinese))
[9]铁道部第一勘测设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册[路基][M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1992.(First Survey Design Institute China Railways.Railway engineering technical manual[Subgrade][M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1992.(in Chinese))
[10]黄碧珊.板护面的斜坡上波浪打击压力特性的研究[J].重庆交通学院学报.1991(2):84-93.(HUANG B S.Study on impulsive pressure of wave on waterproof slope surface[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong Institute.1991(2):84-93.(in Chinese))
[11]蒋宗燕,潘宝雄,黄碧珊.斜坡护面上波浪打击压力的试验研究[J].港口工程,1998(1):22-27.(JIANG Z Y,PAN B X,HUANG B S.Experimental investigation on impacting pressure of waves on slope pavement[J].Port engineering.1998(1):22-27.(in Chinese))
[12]徐绩青.波浪对斜坡作用力的研究[D].重庆:重庆交通学院,2005.(XU J Q.Study on the wave force on the slope[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2005.(in Chinese))
[13]张惠,杨尧.规则波对斜坡堤护面板冲击波压力公式比较[EB/OL].北京:中国科技论文在线[2010-04-07].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201004-253.(ZHANG H,YANG Y.Comparision of computation formular for wave impact pressure on the protection slab[EB/OL].Beijing:Chinese Scientific Papers Online[2010-04-07].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201004-253.(in Chinese))
[14]王鉴义,章家昌,周家宝,等.不规则波对平板护面单坡堤的波压力试验研究[J].海洋工程,1996(4):23-30.(WANG J Y,ZHANG J C,ZHOU J B et al.Experimental invertigation of irregular wave pressure on single slope dykes[J].The Ocean Engineering,1996(4):23-30.(in Chinese))
[15]许光祥.平面斜坡小波高各向破波压力试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2007(1):129-134.(XU G X.Experiment study on multidirectional breaking wave pressure of small wave on bank slope[J].Journal of Hydrodyn Amics Series A,2007(1):129-134.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16076/j.cnki.cjhd.2007.01.018.
[16]李建习.风浪作用下库岸动力响应及稳定分析[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2008.(LI J X.The wind waveinduced dynamic response in bank of reservoir and it,s analysis on stability[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science&Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[17]陈里.山区河道型水库岩体滑坡涌浪特性及对航道的影响试验研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2014.(CHEN L.Experimental study on characteristics of rock-type landslide surge and impact for navigable conditions of the river-channel type reservoir in mountainous area[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[18]俞聿修.随机波浪及其工程应用[M].大连:大连理工出版社,2011.(YU Y X.Random wave and its applications to engineering[M].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology Press,2011.(in Chinese))
[19]钟瑚穗.斜面坡度对波浪最大压力的影响[J].华东水利学院学报,1985(1):142-154.(ZHONG H S.The effect of slope on the maximam wave pressure[J].Journal of East China Institute of Water Conservancy,1985(1):142-154.(in Chinese))
[2] BLACKMORE P A,HEWSON P J.Experiments on full-scale wave impact pressures[J].Coastal Engineering,1984,8:331-346.
[3] DE CARVALHO R F,ANTUNES DO CARMO J S,PESTANA A.Waves caused by landslides into reservoirs and their impacts on dams[M].Hydraulic Structures:a Challenge to Engineers and Researchers,Brisbane,Australia:The University of Queensland,2006,125-134.
[4] DE CARVALHO R F,ANTUNES DO CARMO J S.Numerical and experimental modelling of the generation and propagation of waves caused by landslides into reservoirs and their effects on dams[M].River Flow 2006,BALKEMA,2006,483-492.
[5] DE CARVALHO R F,ANTUNES DO CARMO J S.Landslides into reservoirs and their impacts on banks[J].Environmental Fluid Mechanics,2007,7(6):481-493.
[6]冯卫兵,张惠,郝青玲.斜坡面波浪冲击力试验研究及现场资料分析[J].海洋工程,2012(4):97-102.(FENG W B,ZHANG H,HAO Q L.Experimental study of wave impact pressure on the protection slab of uniform slope and field data analysis[J].The Ocean Engineering,2012(4):97-102.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16483/j.issn.1005-9865.2012.04.007.
[7]冯卫兵,崔磊,仲南艳,等.斜坡堤护面板上最大波压力研究[J].水运工程,2013(1):12-15.(FENG W B,CUI L,ZHONG N Y et al.On peak wave impact pressure on protection slab of uniform slope[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2013(1):12-15.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16233/j.cnki.issn1002-4972.2013.01.004.
[8]潘少华译.波浪、冰凌和船舶对水工建筑物的荷载作用.苏联规范(СНИПⅡ)[M].北京:海洋出版社.1986.(PAN S H translation.Waves,ice and ships on hydraulic structures load effect.Soviet norms(СНИПⅡ)[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,1986.(in Chinese))
[9]铁道部第一勘测设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册[路基][M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1992.(First Survey Design Institute China Railways.Railway engineering technical manual[Subgrade][M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1992.(in Chinese))
[10]黄碧珊.板护面的斜坡上波浪打击压力特性的研究[J].重庆交通学院学报.1991(2):84-93.(HUANG B S.Study on impulsive pressure of wave on waterproof slope surface[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong Institute.1991(2):84-93.(in Chinese))
[11]蒋宗燕,潘宝雄,黄碧珊.斜坡护面上波浪打击压力的试验研究[J].港口工程,1998(1):22-27.(JIANG Z Y,PAN B X,HUANG B S.Experimental investigation on impacting pressure of waves on slope pavement[J].Port engineering.1998(1):22-27.(in Chinese))
[12]徐绩青.波浪对斜坡作用力的研究[D].重庆:重庆交通学院,2005.(XU J Q.Study on the wave force on the slope[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2005.(in Chinese))
[13]张惠,杨尧.规则波对斜坡堤护面板冲击波压力公式比较[EB/OL].北京:中国科技论文在线[2010-04-07].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201004-253.(ZHANG H,YANG Y.Comparision of computation formular for wave impact pressure on the protection slab[EB/OL].Beijing:Chinese Scientific Papers Online[2010-04-07].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201004-253.(in Chinese))
[14]王鉴义,章家昌,周家宝,等.不规则波对平板护面单坡堤的波压力试验研究[J].海洋工程,1996(4):23-30.(WANG J Y,ZHANG J C,ZHOU J B et al.Experimental invertigation of irregular wave pressure on single slope dykes[J].The Ocean Engineering,1996(4):23-30.(in Chinese))
[15]许光祥.平面斜坡小波高各向破波压力试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2007(1):129-134.(XU G X.Experiment study on multidirectional breaking wave pressure of small wave on bank slope[J].Journal of Hydrodyn Amics Series A,2007(1):129-134.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16076/j.cnki.cjhd.2007.01.018.
[16]李建习.风浪作用下库岸动力响应及稳定分析[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2008.(LI J X.The wind waveinduced dynamic response in bank of reservoir and it,s analysis on stability[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science&Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[17]陈里.山区河道型水库岩体滑坡涌浪特性及对航道的影响试验研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2014.(CHEN L.Experimental study on characteristics of rock-type landslide surge and impact for navigable conditions of the river-channel type reservoir in mountainous area[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[18]俞聿修.随机波浪及其工程应用[M].大连:大连理工出版社,2011.(YU Y X.Random wave and its applications to engineering[M].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology Press,2011.(in Chinese))
[19]钟瑚穗.斜面坡度对波浪最大压力的影响[J].华东水利学院学报,1985(1):142-154.(ZHONG H S.The effect of slope on the maximam wave pressure[J].Journal of East China Institute of Water Conservancy,1985(1):142-154.(in Chinese))
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