山东省文化资源与旅游产业协调发展评价与优化
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摘要
通过构建文化资源禀赋与旅游发展水平评价指标体系,运用BP神经网络模型对山东省2018年文化资源禀赋与旅游发展水平进行定量评价,引入耦合协调模型对山东省17地市文化资源与旅游发展耦合协调水平进行测度,并依据旅游发展优先度对17地市进行分类。构建多元回归模型对数据进行定量检验并探究驱动机制,借此提出相应旅游发展策略。研究表明:①山东省文化资源"集聚效应"比较明显,形成以菏泽、潍坊为两端的文化资源禀赋优势带。②旅游发展水平呈现出"双核带动"的局面,区域间旅游经济发展水平差距较大,青岛市旅游发展水平远高于其他地市,莱芜市旅游发展水平有待提高。③2018年,山东省文旅融合协调发展水平总体不高,为濒临失调状态,区域融合协调程度差异明显;其中济南市文旅融合协调度最高,东营市协调程度最差;按区域协调程度高低来看,依次为鲁中地区、半岛地区、鲁南地区、鲁西、鲁北地区。④文化资源与旅游耦合协调发展驱动机制涉及文化资源本底条件、政府宏观措施、旅游市场需求及经济发展基础等多因素。
How to transform the comparative advantage of cultural resources into the competitive advantage of tourism is an important measure to improve the development level of regional tourism and optimize the structure upgrading of the tourism industry, and also the most fundamental starting point for promoting the integration and development between the culture and tourism industry. Based on the existing research results, this study constructs the evaluation index system of cultural resources endowment and tourism development level. The BP neural network model is used to evaluate the cultural resources endowment and tourism development level of Shandong Province in 2016, and the coupling coordination model is introduced to measure the coupling and coordination level of cultural resources and tourism development in 17 cities of Shandong Province. This article qualitatively analyzes its driving influence mechanism and puts forward the corresponding tourism development strategy according to the type of coupling coordination. The research shows that: 1) The "agglomeration effect" of cultural resources in Shandong is more obvious, forming a dominant axis of cultural resources which is formed by Heze and Weifang. 2) The tourism development level shows a "dual-cores driving" situation, the gap between the regional tourism economic development level is large and the tourism development level of Qingdao city is far higher than other cities, while Laiwu needs to be improved. 3) In 2016, the coordinated development level in Shandong is not high, which is on the verge of imbalance state, and the coordination degree of regional integration is obviously different. The coordination degree of integration between the culture and tourism industry in Qingdao is in the highest level, while Laiwu city is in the lowest level; from the perspective of the region, the coordination degree in order from highest to lowest is the middle of Shangdong, Shangdong Peninsula, the south of Shangdong, the west of Shangdong and the north of Shangdong. 4) The driving mechanism of the coordinated development of cultural resources and tourism involves many factors, such as the background conditions of cultural resources, the macro-measure of the government, the demand of the tourism market and the basis of economic development.
How to transform the comparative advantage of cultural resources into the competitive advantage of tourism is an important measure to improve the development level of regional tourism and optimize the structure upgrading of the tourism industry, and also the most fundamental starting point for promoting the integration and development between the culture and tourism industry. Based on the existing research results, this study constructs the evaluation index system of cultural resources endowment and tourism development level. The BP neural network model is used to evaluate the cultural resources endowment and tourism development level of Shandong Province in 2016, and the coupling coordination model is introduced to measure the coupling and coordination level of cultural resources and tourism development in 17 cities of Shandong Province. This article qualitatively analyzes its driving influence mechanism and puts forward the corresponding tourism development strategy according to the type of coupling coordination. The research shows that: 1) The "agglomeration effect" of cultural resources in Shandong is more obvious, forming a dominant axis of cultural resources which is formed by Heze and Weifang. 2) The tourism development level shows a "dual-cores driving" situation, the gap between the regional tourism economic development level is large and the tourism development level of Qingdao city is far higher than other cities, while Laiwu needs to be improved. 3) In 2016, the coordinated development level in Shandong is not high, which is on the verge of imbalance state, and the coordination degree of regional integration is obviously different. The coordination degree of integration between the culture and tourism industry in Qingdao is in the highest level, while Laiwu city is in the lowest level; from the perspective of the region, the coordination degree in order from highest to lowest is the middle of Shangdong, Shangdong Peninsula, the south of Shangdong, the west of Shangdong and the north of Shangdong. 4) The driving mechanism of the coordinated development of cultural resources and tourism involves many factors, such as the background conditions of cultural resources, the macro-measure of the government, the demand of the tourism market and the basis of economic development.
引文
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[25]生延超，周玉姣，黄寅，等.中国旅游经济增长周期的测度与评价[J].人文地理，2014,29(5):113-120.
[26]秦伟山，张义丰，李世泰.中国东部沿海城市旅游发展的时空演变[J].地理研究，2014,33(10):1 956-1 965.
[27] Ohe Y,Ikei H,Song C,et al. Evaluating the relaxation effects of emerging forest-therapy tourism:A multidisciplinary approach[J]. Tourism Management,2017,62:322-334.
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[29]唐黎，刘茜.基于AHP的乡村旅游资源评价——以福建长泰山重村为例[J].中南林业科技大学学报，2014,34(11):155-160.
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[31]楼文高，王广雷，冯国珍.旅游安全预警TOPSIS评价研究及其应用[J].旅游学刊，2013,28(4):66-74.
[32]王新越，吴宁宁，秦素贞.山东省旅游化发展水平的测度及时空差异分析[J].人文地理，2014,29(4):146-154.
[33]李凌雁，翁钢民.我国旅游与文化产业融合发展水平测度及时空差异分析[J].地理与地理信息科学，2015,31(6):94-99.
[34] James L M,David E R. Parallel Distributed Processing:Psychological and Biological Models[M]. Cambridge:The MIT Press,1987:233-239.
[35]廖重斌.环境与经济协调发展的定量评判及其分类体系——以珠江三角洲城市群为例[J].热带地理，1999(2):76-82.
[36]胡小海，黄震方.江苏区域文化资源与旅游经济耦合特征及其作用机制[J].江苏社会科学，2017(1):254-259.
[2] Frías-Jamilena D M,Sabiote-Ortiz C M,Martín-Santana J D,et al. Antecedents and consequences of cultural intelligence in tourism[J]. Journal of Destination Marketing&Management,2018,8:350-358.
[3] Esiyok B，?akar M,Kurtulmu?o?lu F B. The effect of cultural distance on medical tourism[J]. Journal of Destination Marketing&Management,2017,6(1):66-75.
[4] Weaver D B,Kwek A,Wang Y. Cultural connectedness and visitor segmentation in diaspora Chinese tourism[J]. Tourism Management,2017,63:302-314.
[5]程晓丽，祝亚雯.安徽省旅游产业与文化产业融合发展研究[J].经济地理，2012,32(9):161-165.
[6]翁钢民，李凌雁.中国旅游与文化产业融合发展的耦合协调度及空间相关分析[J].经济地理，2016,36(1):178-185.
[7]张海燕，王忠云.旅游产业与文化产业融合运作模式研究[J].山东社会科学，2013(1):169-172.
[8]鲍洪杰，王生鹏.文化产业与旅游产业的耦合分析[J].工业技术经济，2010,29(8):74-78.
[9]杨更生，王东，孙彬.“一带一路”下旅游文化产业的大数据体系架构与实施途径研究[J].干旱区地理，2019,42(1):187-194.
[10]史建强，赵俊明.文化产业与旅游产业发展互动研究[J].经济问题，2014(4):124-129.
[11]许春晓，胡婷.大湘西地区文化与旅游融合潜力及其空间分异[J].经济地理，2018,38(5):208-216.
[12] Liang J,Chan C S. Local cultural vicissitudes in regional tourism development:A case of Zhuhai[J]. Tourism Management Perspectives,2018:80-92.
[13]张琰飞，朱海英.西南地区文化演艺与旅游流耦合协调度实证研究[J].经济地理，2014,34(7):182-187.
[14]侯兵，周晓倩.长三角地区文化产业与旅游产业融合态势测度与评价[J].经济地理，2015,35(11):211-217.
[15]曲景慧.中国文化产业与旅游产业融合发展的时空变动分析[J].生态经济，2016,32(9):129-134.
[16]范红艳，薛宝琪.河南省旅游产业与文化产业耦合协调度研究[J].地域研究与开发，2016,35(4):104-109.
[17]江娟丽，杨庆媛，张忠训，等.重庆市非物质文化遗产的空间格局及旅游开发模式[J].经济地理，2019,39(6):205-213.
[18]周小凤，张朝枝.元阳哈尼梯田遗产化与旅游化的关系演变与互动机制[J].人文地理，2019,34(3):154-160.
[19]程乾，方琳.生态位视角下长三角文化旅游创意产业竞争力评价模型构建及实证[J].经济地理，2015,35(7):183-189.
[20]周玉翠，邓祖涛，石军南，等.中国世界遗产旅游目的地客源市场潜力研究[J].经济地理，2019,39(4):216-222.
[21]郭梅，吕拉昌，黄茹，等.北京文化资源的评价及开发利用研究[J].现代城市研究，2014(4):109-115.
[22]高维和，史珏琳.全球城市文化资源配置力评价指标体系研究及五大城市实证评析[J].上海经济研究，2015(5):53-61.
[23]程晓丽，史杜芳.皖南国际文化旅游示范区文化资源丰度评价[J].地理科学，2017,37(5):766-772.
[24] Fatori?S,Seekamp E. Evaluating a decision analytic approach to climate change adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic Coast of the United States[J]. Land Use Policy,2017,68:254-263.
[25]生延超，周玉姣，黄寅，等.中国旅游经济增长周期的测度与评价[J].人文地理，2014,29(5):113-120.
[26]秦伟山，张义丰，李世泰.中国东部沿海城市旅游发展的时空演变[J].地理研究，2014,33(10):1 956-1 965.
[27] Ohe Y,Ikei H,Song C,et al. Evaluating the relaxation effects of emerging forest-therapy tourism:A multidisciplinary approach[J]. Tourism Management,2017,62:322-334.
[28]于秋阳，杨思涵.高铁枢纽城市旅游产业供给水平评价研究——以西安市为例[J].人文地理，2017,32(1):145-151.
[29]唐黎，刘茜.基于AHP的乡村旅游资源评价——以福建长泰山重村为例[J].中南林业科技大学学报，2014,34(11):155-160.
[30] Trave C,Brunnschweiler J,Sheaves M,et al. Are we killing them with kindness?Evaluation of sustainable marine wildlife tourism[J]. Biological Conservation,2017,209:211-222.
[31]楼文高，王广雷，冯国珍.旅游安全预警TOPSIS评价研究及其应用[J].旅游学刊，2013,28(4):66-74.
[32]王新越，吴宁宁，秦素贞.山东省旅游化发展水平的测度及时空差异分析[J].人文地理，2014,29(4):146-154.
[33]李凌雁，翁钢民.我国旅游与文化产业融合发展水平测度及时空差异分析[J].地理与地理信息科学，2015,31(6):94-99.
[34] James L M,David E R. Parallel Distributed Processing:Psychological and Biological Models[M]. Cambridge:The MIT Press,1987:233-239.
[35]廖重斌.环境与经济协调发展的定量评判及其分类体系——以珠江三角洲城市群为例[J].热带地理，1999(2):76-82.
[36]胡小海，黄震方.江苏区域文化资源与旅游经济耦合特征及其作用机制[J].江苏社会科学，2017(1):254-259.