污水短程硝化影响因素的对比分析
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摘要
短程硝化的实现与维持,将会推动基于短程硝化发展起来的工艺得以工程化应用。对不同研究者就此不一致的结论进行了阐述,并对各影响因素促进短程硝化的可行性进行了对比分析。要实现短程硝化,同时控制中温条件、游离氨、污泥龄是最容易的,其次是同时控制中温条件和污泥龄,另外还可同时控制中温条件和游离氨或溶解氧在生物膜污泥中实现短程硝化。常温条件下,仅仅依靠较低的溶解氧浓度无法维持短程硝化的稳定,必须配合其他因素的控制。各因素按可行性的高低及稳定性的好坏综合排序依次分别为中温条件、游离氨、污泥龄、溶解氧、间歇曝气、游离亚硝酸、pH值。
To achieve and maintain the short-cut nitrification will promote the process which based on the short-cut nitrification to project application. This paper elaborated on the inconsistent conclusions regarding the short-cut nitrification among different researchers,and made a comparative analysis on the feasibility of various factors promoting the short-cut nitrification. To achieve short-cut nitrification,measures such as controlling the medium temperature condition,free ammonia,sludge retention time simultaneously were the easiest way,followed by controlling the medium temperature condition and sludge retention time simultaneously. In addition, controlling the medium temperature condition and free ammonia or dissolved oxygen simultaneously could achieve short-cut nitrification in the biofilm sludge.Under the normal temperature conditions,the stability of short-cut nitrification could not be maintained if it only relied on the lower dissolved oxygen. Therefore,the lower dissolved oxygen must be coordinated with other factors to ensure short-cut nitrification. The comprehensive sequence were followed by the medium temperature condition,free ammonia,sludge retention time,dissolved oxygen,intermittent aeration,free nitrous acid,pH according to the feasibility and the stability of the various factors.
To achieve and maintain the short-cut nitrification will promote the process which based on the short-cut nitrification to project application. This paper elaborated on the inconsistent conclusions regarding the short-cut nitrification among different researchers,and made a comparative analysis on the feasibility of various factors promoting the short-cut nitrification. To achieve short-cut nitrification,measures such as controlling the medium temperature condition,free ammonia,sludge retention time simultaneously were the easiest way,followed by controlling the medium temperature condition and sludge retention time simultaneously. In addition, controlling the medium temperature condition and free ammonia or dissolved oxygen simultaneously could achieve short-cut nitrification in the biofilm sludge.Under the normal temperature conditions,the stability of short-cut nitrification could not be maintained if it only relied on the lower dissolved oxygen. Therefore,the lower dissolved oxygen must be coordinated with other factors to ensure short-cut nitrification. The comprehensive sequence were followed by the medium temperature condition,free ammonia,sludge retention time,dissolved oxygen,intermittent aeration,free nitrous acid,pH according to the feasibility and the stability of the various factors.
引文
[1]付昆明,仇付国,左早荣.厌氧氨氧化技术应用于市政污水处理的前景分析[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(4):8-13.Fu Kunming,Qiu Fuguo,Zuo Zaorong.Prospective analysis of application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology to municipal wastewater treatment[J].China Water&Wastewater,2015,31(4):8-13(in Chinese).
[2]Cao Y,van Loosdrecht M C,Daigger G T.Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox in municipal wastewater treatment:Status,bottlenecks,and further studies[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2017,101(4):1365-1383.
[3]左早荣,付昆明,仇付国,等.CANON工艺的研究现状及面临困难分析[J].水处理技术,2013,39(9):15-19.Zuo Zaorong,Fu Kunming,Qiu Fuguo,et al.Analysis of the research status and difficulties of CANON process[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2013,39(9):15-19(in Chinese).
[4]Anthonisen A C,Loehr R C,Prakasam T B,et al.Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid[J].Water Pollut Control Federation,1976,48(5):835-852.
[5]Ge S,Wang S,Yang X,et al.Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment:A review[J].Chemosphere,2015,140(9):85-98.
[6]Wei D,Xue X,Yan L,et al.Effect of influent ammonium concentration on the shift of full nitritation to partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor at ambient temperature[J].Chem Eng J,2014,235(1):19-26.
[7]Mauret M,Paul E,Puech-Costes E,et al.Application of experimental research methodology to the study of nitrification in mixed culture[J].Water Sci Technol,1996,34(1/2):245-252.
[8]Pambrun V,Paul E,Spérandio M.Modeling the partial nitrification in sequencing batch reactor for biomass adapted to high ammonia concentrations[J].Biotechnol Bioeng,2006,95(1):120-131.
[9]Pedrouso A,Río A V D,Morales N,et al.Nitrite oxidizing bacteria suppression based on in-situ free nitrous acid production at mainstream conditions[J].Sep Purif Technol,2017,186:55-62.
[10]张宇坤,王淑莹,董怡君,等.游离氨和游离亚硝酸对亚硝态氮氧化菌活性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1242-1247.Zhang Yukun,Wang Shuying,Dong Yijun,et al.Effect of FA and FNA on activity of nitrite-oxidising bacteria[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1242-1247(in Chinese).
[11]Wang Q,Ye L,Jiang G,et al.Side-stream sludge treatment using free nitrous acid selectively eliminates nitrite oxidizing bacteria and achieves the nitrite pathway[J].Water Res,2014,55(10):245-255.
[12]Ma B,Yang L,Wang Q,et al.Inactivation and adaptation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitriteoxidizing bacteria when exposed to free nitrous acid[J].Bioresour Technol,2017,245:1266-1270.
[13]Poot V,Hoekstra M,Geleijnse M A,et al.Effects of the residual ammonium concentration on NOB repression during partial nitritation with granular sludge[J].Water Res,2016,106:518-530.
[14]Wang J,Yang N.Partial nitrification under limited dissolved oxygen conditions[J].Process Biochem,2004,39(10):1223-1229.
[15]叶建锋,徐祖信,薄国柱.新型生物脱氮工艺---OLAND工艺[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(4):6-8.Ye Jianfeng,Xu Zuxin,Bo Guozhu.New type biological denitrification process-OLAND process[J].China Water&Wastewater,2006,22(4):6-8(in Chinese).
[16]Kornaros M,Dokianakis S N,Lyberatos G.Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J].Environ Sci Technol,2010,44(19):7245-7253.
[17]Tappe W,Laverman A,Bohland M,et al.Maintenance energy demand and starvation recovery dynamics of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi cultivated in a retentostat with complete biomass retention[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1999,65(6):2471-2477.
[18]Ge S,Peng Y,Qiu S,et al.Complete nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater via partial nitrification by appropriately alternating anoxic/aerobic conditions in a continuous plug-flow step feed process[J].Water Res,2014,55:95-105.
[19]Yang J,Trela J,Zubrowska-Sudol M,et al.Intermittent aeration in one-stage partial nitritation/anammox process[J].Ecol Eng,2015,75:413-420.
[20]Li H,Zhou S,Huang G,et al.Partial nitritation of landfill leachate with varying influent composition under intermittent aeration conditions[J].Process Saf Environ Prot,2013,91(4):285-294.
[21]付昆明,周厚田,苏雪莹,等.生物膜短程硝化系统的恢复及其转化为CANON工艺的过程[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1536-1543.Fu Kunming,Zhou Houtian,Su Xueying,et al.Short-cut nitrification recovery and its transformation into CANONprocess in a biofilm reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1536-1543(in Chinese).
[22]袁林江,彭党聪,王志盈.短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(2):29-31.Yuan Linjiang,Peng Dangcong,Wang Zhiying.Biological nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrificationdenitrification[J].China Water&Wastewater,2000,16(2):29-31(in Chinese).
[23]Cao Yeshi,Kwok Bee Hong,Yan Zhou,等.新加坡最大回用水处理厂污水短程硝化厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺[J].北京工业大学学报,2015(10):1441-1454.Cao Yeshi,Kwok Bee Hong,Yan Zhou,et al.Mainstream partial nitritation/anammox nitrogen removal process in the largest water reclamation plant in Singapore[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015(10):1441-1454(in Chinese).
[24]Wu C,Peng Y,Wang S,et al.Effect of sludge retention time on nitrite accumulation in real-time control biological nitrogen removal sequencing batch reactor[J].Chin J Chem Eng,2011,19(3):512-517.
[25]郝晓地.可持续污水-废物处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.Hao Xiaodi.Sustainable Treatment Technologies of Wastewater-Wastes[M].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2006(in Chinese).
[26]Cho K H,Kim J O,Kang S,et al.Achieving enhanced nitrification in communities of nitrifying bacteria in fullscale wastewater treatment plants via optimal temperature and p H[J].Sep Purif Technol,2014,132:697-703.
[27]Tao W,He Y,Wang Z,et al.Effects of p H and temperature on coupling nitritation and anammox in biofilters treating dairy wastewater[J].Ecol Eng,2012,47(5):76-82.
[28]Wei D,Du B,Xue X,et al.Analysis of factors affecting the performance of partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2014,98(4):1863-1870.
[29]Wang Q,Duan H,Wei W,et al.Achieving stable mainstream nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway by sludge treatment using free ammonia[J].Environ Sci Technol,2017,51(17):9800-9807.
[30]Wang Q,Hao X,Yuan Z.Towards energy positive wastewater treatment by sludge treatment using free nitrous acid[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:1869-1873.
[31]Tangkitjawisut W,Limpiyakorn T,Powtongsook S,et al.Differences in nitrite-oxidizing communities and kinetics in a brackish environment after enrichment at low and high nitrite concentrations[J].J Environ Sci,2016,42(4):41-49.
[32]Liu G,Wang J.Quantifying the chronic effect of low DOon the nitrification process[J].Chemosphere,2015,141:19-25.
[33]Wilén B M,Balmér P.The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the structure,size and size distribution of activated sludge flocs[J].Water Res,1999,33(2):391-400.
[34]Martins A M P,Heijnen J J,van Loosdrecht M C.Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on sludge settleability[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2003,62(5/6):586-593.
[2]Cao Y,van Loosdrecht M C,Daigger G T.Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox in municipal wastewater treatment:Status,bottlenecks,and further studies[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2017,101(4):1365-1383.
[3]左早荣,付昆明,仇付国,等.CANON工艺的研究现状及面临困难分析[J].水处理技术,2013,39(9):15-19.Zuo Zaorong,Fu Kunming,Qiu Fuguo,et al.Analysis of the research status and difficulties of CANON process[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2013,39(9):15-19(in Chinese).
[4]Anthonisen A C,Loehr R C,Prakasam T B,et al.Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid[J].Water Pollut Control Federation,1976,48(5):835-852.
[5]Ge S,Wang S,Yang X,et al.Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment:A review[J].Chemosphere,2015,140(9):85-98.
[6]Wei D,Xue X,Yan L,et al.Effect of influent ammonium concentration on the shift of full nitritation to partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor at ambient temperature[J].Chem Eng J,2014,235(1):19-26.
[7]Mauret M,Paul E,Puech-Costes E,et al.Application of experimental research methodology to the study of nitrification in mixed culture[J].Water Sci Technol,1996,34(1/2):245-252.
[8]Pambrun V,Paul E,Spérandio M.Modeling the partial nitrification in sequencing batch reactor for biomass adapted to high ammonia concentrations[J].Biotechnol Bioeng,2006,95(1):120-131.
[9]Pedrouso A,Río A V D,Morales N,et al.Nitrite oxidizing bacteria suppression based on in-situ free nitrous acid production at mainstream conditions[J].Sep Purif Technol,2017,186:55-62.
[10]张宇坤,王淑莹,董怡君,等.游离氨和游离亚硝酸对亚硝态氮氧化菌活性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1242-1247.Zhang Yukun,Wang Shuying,Dong Yijun,et al.Effect of FA and FNA on activity of nitrite-oxidising bacteria[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1242-1247(in Chinese).
[11]Wang Q,Ye L,Jiang G,et al.Side-stream sludge treatment using free nitrous acid selectively eliminates nitrite oxidizing bacteria and achieves the nitrite pathway[J].Water Res,2014,55(10):245-255.
[12]Ma B,Yang L,Wang Q,et al.Inactivation and adaptation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitriteoxidizing bacteria when exposed to free nitrous acid[J].Bioresour Technol,2017,245:1266-1270.
[13]Poot V,Hoekstra M,Geleijnse M A,et al.Effects of the residual ammonium concentration on NOB repression during partial nitritation with granular sludge[J].Water Res,2016,106:518-530.
[14]Wang J,Yang N.Partial nitrification under limited dissolved oxygen conditions[J].Process Biochem,2004,39(10):1223-1229.
[15]叶建锋,徐祖信,薄国柱.新型生物脱氮工艺---OLAND工艺[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(4):6-8.Ye Jianfeng,Xu Zuxin,Bo Guozhu.New type biological denitrification process-OLAND process[J].China Water&Wastewater,2006,22(4):6-8(in Chinese).
[16]Kornaros M,Dokianakis S N,Lyberatos G.Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J].Environ Sci Technol,2010,44(19):7245-7253.
[17]Tappe W,Laverman A,Bohland M,et al.Maintenance energy demand and starvation recovery dynamics of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi cultivated in a retentostat with complete biomass retention[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1999,65(6):2471-2477.
[18]Ge S,Peng Y,Qiu S,et al.Complete nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater via partial nitrification by appropriately alternating anoxic/aerobic conditions in a continuous plug-flow step feed process[J].Water Res,2014,55:95-105.
[19]Yang J,Trela J,Zubrowska-Sudol M,et al.Intermittent aeration in one-stage partial nitritation/anammox process[J].Ecol Eng,2015,75:413-420.
[20]Li H,Zhou S,Huang G,et al.Partial nitritation of landfill leachate with varying influent composition under intermittent aeration conditions[J].Process Saf Environ Prot,2013,91(4):285-294.
[21]付昆明,周厚田,苏雪莹,等.生物膜短程硝化系统的恢复及其转化为CANON工艺的过程[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1536-1543.Fu Kunming,Zhou Houtian,Su Xueying,et al.Short-cut nitrification recovery and its transformation into CANONprocess in a biofilm reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1536-1543(in Chinese).
[22]袁林江,彭党聪,王志盈.短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(2):29-31.Yuan Linjiang,Peng Dangcong,Wang Zhiying.Biological nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrificationdenitrification[J].China Water&Wastewater,2000,16(2):29-31(in Chinese).
[23]Cao Yeshi,Kwok Bee Hong,Yan Zhou,等.新加坡最大回用水处理厂污水短程硝化厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺[J].北京工业大学学报,2015(10):1441-1454.Cao Yeshi,Kwok Bee Hong,Yan Zhou,et al.Mainstream partial nitritation/anammox nitrogen removal process in the largest water reclamation plant in Singapore[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015(10):1441-1454(in Chinese).
[24]Wu C,Peng Y,Wang S,et al.Effect of sludge retention time on nitrite accumulation in real-time control biological nitrogen removal sequencing batch reactor[J].Chin J Chem Eng,2011,19(3):512-517.
[25]郝晓地.可持续污水-废物处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.Hao Xiaodi.Sustainable Treatment Technologies of Wastewater-Wastes[M].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,2006(in Chinese).
[26]Cho K H,Kim J O,Kang S,et al.Achieving enhanced nitrification in communities of nitrifying bacteria in fullscale wastewater treatment plants via optimal temperature and p H[J].Sep Purif Technol,2014,132:697-703.
[27]Tao W,He Y,Wang Z,et al.Effects of p H and temperature on coupling nitritation and anammox in biofilters treating dairy wastewater[J].Ecol Eng,2012,47(5):76-82.
[28]Wei D,Du B,Xue X,et al.Analysis of factors affecting the performance of partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2014,98(4):1863-1870.
[29]Wang Q,Duan H,Wei W,et al.Achieving stable mainstream nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway by sludge treatment using free ammonia[J].Environ Sci Technol,2017,51(17):9800-9807.
[30]Wang Q,Hao X,Yuan Z.Towards energy positive wastewater treatment by sludge treatment using free nitrous acid[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:1869-1873.
[31]Tangkitjawisut W,Limpiyakorn T,Powtongsook S,et al.Differences in nitrite-oxidizing communities and kinetics in a brackish environment after enrichment at low and high nitrite concentrations[J].J Environ Sci,2016,42(4):41-49.
[32]Liu G,Wang J.Quantifying the chronic effect of low DOon the nitrification process[J].Chemosphere,2015,141:19-25.
[33]Wilén B M,Balmér P.The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the structure,size and size distribution of activated sludge flocs[J].Water Res,1999,33(2):391-400.
[34]Martins A M P,Heijnen J J,van Loosdrecht M C.Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on sludge settleability[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2003,62(5/6):586-593.