薄壳山核桃15个家系子代苗期生长和荧光特性比较
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摘要
为探讨薄壳山核桃半同胞家系子代苗期生长情况和选择利用潜力,给薄壳山核桃苗期优良砧木选择提供依据。以薄壳山核桃15个自由授粉半同胞家系1年生子代幼苗为材料,对其生长和叶绿素荧光特性进行了测定。结果表明:薄壳山核桃家系生长指标和荧光参数在家系间有极显著的差异(P<0.01);各家系间存在丰富的变异,变异系数以根干质量、茎干质量、叶干质量、冠根比和品质指数均较大,表明各家系具有选择潜力。苗高和地径以家系3、6、8和11号较大,其中苗高最大值是59.88 cm,地径最大值是0.86 cm;单株生物量和品质指数以家系1号、7号较大,并且这2个家系的根干质量分别为59.72 g和56.92 g;家系1、2、3、6和15号的Fm/Fo(PSⅡ电子传递情况)和Fv/F0(PSⅡ潜在的光化学活性)较大,其中家系3号的Fm/Fo和Fv/Fo高达5.60和4.58。相关分析表明,Fm/Fo、Fv/Fm(PSⅡ最大光化学效率)与苗高、地径和茎干质量呈显著正相关,PIABS(光合性能指数)与高茎比呈显著负相关,Fm/Fo、Fv/Fm可作为薄壳山核桃苗期苗高、地径和茎干质量快速评判的有效指标。通过综合评价和聚类分析,将综合评价(D)值较高的6个家系划分为3类,其中家系3号、6号表型性状和PSⅡ光合效率均优良;家系8号和11号表型性状一般,而PSⅡ光合效率较高;家系1号和7号表型性状和PSⅡ光合效率均一般。薄壳山核桃家系子代苗期表型生长越优良,其PSⅡ指示光合效率的荧光参数值越高,说明叶绿素荧光参数在一定程度上可以反映家系子代苗期的生长状况,能为薄壳山核桃苗期优良砧木的选择提供参考。
In order to explore the growth and selection potential of the offsprings of the pecan half-sib family and provide a basis for the selection of good rootstock of Carya illinoensis,the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were determined.The results showed that the growth indicators and fluorescence parameters had significant differences among families(P<0.01)and these families had rich variations of root dry weight,stem dry weight,leaf dry weight,crown root ratio and quality index,indicating that each family had the potential for selection.The seedling height and the ground diameter were larger in the 3,6,8 and 11 families,and the maximum seedling height was 59.88 cm,and the maximum ground diameter was 0.86 cm.The biomass and quality index per plant were larger in families 1 and 7,and the root weight values of these two families were 59.72 g and 56.92 g,respectively Fm/Fo(PSII electron transport)and Fv/Fo(PSII potential photochemical activity)of families 1,2,3,6 and15 were larger and the two indicators of Family3 were as high as 5.60 and 4.58.Correlation analysis showed that Fm/Foand Fv/Fm(maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII)were significantly positively correlated with seedling height,ground diameter and stem dry weight which could be used as an effective indicator for rapid evaluation at the seeding stage. Also,PIABS(photosynthetic performance index) was significantly negatively correlated with high stem ratio. By comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis,6 families with higher comprehensive evaluation(D)values were divided into 3 categories.The phenotypic traits and PSII photosynthetic efficiency of families 3 and 6 were excellent.The phenotypic traits of families 8 and 11 were average,while the photosynthetic efficiency of PSII was better.The phenotypic traits and PSII photosynthetic efficiency of families 1 and 7 were average.The better the phenotypic growth of the family at the seedling stage was,the higher the fluorescence parameter of PSII was.It shows that the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters could reflect the growth of the family at the seedling stage to a certain extent and provide reference for the selection of fine rootstocks of Carya illinoensis seedlings.
In order to explore the growth and selection potential of the offsprings of the pecan half-sib family and provide a basis for the selection of good rootstock of Carya illinoensis,the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were determined.The results showed that the growth indicators and fluorescence parameters had significant differences among families(P<0.01)and these families had rich variations of root dry weight,stem dry weight,leaf dry weight,crown root ratio and quality index,indicating that each family had the potential for selection.The seedling height and the ground diameter were larger in the 3,6,8 and 11 families,and the maximum seedling height was 59.88 cm,and the maximum ground diameter was 0.86 cm.The biomass and quality index per plant were larger in families 1 and 7,and the root weight values of these two families were 59.72 g and 56.92 g,respectively Fm/Fo(PSII electron transport)and Fv/Fo(PSII potential photochemical activity)of families 1,2,3,6 and15 were larger and the two indicators of Family3 were as high as 5.60 and 4.58.Correlation analysis showed that Fm/Foand Fv/Fm(maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII)were significantly positively correlated with seedling height,ground diameter and stem dry weight which could be used as an effective indicator for rapid evaluation at the seeding stage. Also,PIABS(photosynthetic performance index) was significantly negatively correlated with high stem ratio. By comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis,6 families with higher comprehensive evaluation(D)values were divided into 3 categories.The phenotypic traits and PSII photosynthetic efficiency of families 3 and 6 were excellent.The phenotypic traits of families 8 and 11 were average,while the photosynthetic efficiency of PSII was better.The phenotypic traits and PSII photosynthetic efficiency of families 1 and 7 were average.The better the phenotypic growth of the family at the seedling stage was,the higher the fluorescence parameter of PSII was.It shows that the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters could reflect the growth of the family at the seedling stage to a certain extent and provide reference for the selection of fine rootstocks of Carya illinoensis seedlings.
引文
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[5]姚小华,毛明振,常维霞,项金南.模拟薄壳山核桃自然散粉对浙江山核桃实生林分果实直感效应的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(3):403-411.Yao X H,Mao M Z,Chang W X,et al.A study of the fruit xenia effect of pecan pollination on hickory seeding forest by simulating natural pollination condition[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2016,38(3):403-411.
[6]何海洋,彭方仁,张瑞.不同品种美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性比较[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):19-25.He H Y,Peng F R,Zhang R.Photosynthetic characteristics of grafting plants of different pecan varieties[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2015,39(4):19-25.
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[9]Zhang R Q,Fangde L,Fang H,et al.Pecan cultivation in China[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2005,10(11):1479-1486.
[10]陈辰,何小定,秦金舟,等.4种含笑叶片叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm特性的比较[J].安徽农业大学学报,2013,40(1):32-37.Chen C,He X B,Qin J Z,et al.Comparison of chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fmcharacteristics of four michelia trees[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2013,40(1):32-37.
[11]Yang D L,Jing R L,Chang X P,et al.Quantitative trait loci mapping for chlorophyll fluorescence and associated traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum)[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2007,49(5):646-654.
[12]Yang C,Peng C,Duan J,et al.Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence and carotenoids biosynthesis to high light stress in rice seedling leaves at different leaf position[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2002,6(29):9-19.
[13]Maxwell K,Johnson G N.Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51(345):659-668.
[14]朱海军.薄壳山核桃容器苗培育关键技术研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.Zhu H J.Study on the key technique of Carya illinoensis containerized seedling[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2016.
[15]于志民,刘玮,邓志平,等.不同类型及规格育苗容器对猴樟1年生苗生长的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(12):2118-2123.Yu Z M,Liu W,Deng Z P,et al.Effects of seedling container type and size on growth of Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.annual seedlings[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2016,47(12):2118-2123.
[16]宋鹏,张懿琳,辜云杰,等.红椿半同胞家系苗期特性分析[J].浙江林业科技,2013,33(4):77-81.Song P,Zhang Y L,Gu Y J,et al.Seedling traits of Toona ciliata from different half-sib families[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2013,33(4):77-81.
[17]Van K O,Snel J F.The use of chlorophyll fluorescence nomenclature in plant stress physiology[J].Photosynthesis Research,1990,25(3):147-150.
[18]陈志成,刘晓静,刘畅,等.锐齿栎幼苗生长、光合作用和非结构性碳对遮阴和模拟光斑的响应[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):935-943.Chen Z C,liu X J,Liu C,et al.Responses of growth photosynthesis and nonstructural carbohydrate of Quercus aliena Var.acuteserrata seedlings to shading and simulated sunfleck[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(4):935-943.
[19]刘宝,陈存及,林达定,等.21个闽楠种源叶片光合色素含量及叶绿素荧光参数分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(1):115-121.Liu B,Chen C J,Lin D D,et al.Analyses of photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter in leaves of 21 provenances of Phoebe bournei[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2014,36(1):115-121.
[20]周广生,梅方竹,周竹青,等.小麦不同品种耐湿性生理指标综合评价及其预测[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(11):1378-1382.Zhou G S,Mei F Z,Zhou Z Q,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and forecast on physiological indices of waterlogging resistance of different wheat varieties[J].Scientia Agricultural Sinica,2003,36(11):1378-1382.
[21]吕芳德,徐德聪,蒋瑶.美国山核桃无性系叶绿素的荧光特性[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2006,26(2):13-16.Lu F D,Xu D C,Jiang Y.Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of engrafted seedlings of 12 different pecan clones[J].Journal of Central South Forestry University,2006,26(2):13-16.
[22]郑蓉,黄耀华,连巧霞,等.刚竹属13个竹种叶绿素荧光特性比较[J].江西农业大学学报,2008,30(2):263-267.Zhang R,Huang X H,Liang Q X,et al.Compared on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of thirteen species of phyllostachys[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2008,30(2):263-267.
[23]李延菊,李宪利,张序,等.3个扁桃品种的光合特性[J].林业科学,2006,42(11):23-28.Li Y J,Li X L,Zhang X,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of three cultivars of almond(Amygdalus communis)[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2006,42(11):23-28.
[24]李冬梅,葛云花.淹水胁迫对紫丁香幼苗叶片PSⅡ光化学活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(13):3787-3790.Li D M,Ge Y H.Effects of flooding stress on PSⅡphotochemistry activity in leaves of Syringa oblata seedlings[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2014,42(13):3787-3790.
[25]李秋利,高登涛,魏志峰.桃幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性和抗氧化酶活性对二氧化硫胁迫的响应[J].果树学报,2018,35(11):1374-1384.Li Q L,Gao D T,Wei Z F.Response of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities in peach leaves to sulfur dioxide stress[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2018,351(11):1374-1384.
[26]马迎莉,谷慧,张雨峰,等.稀土铈对太子参生长和光合特性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(4):71-79.Ma Y L,Gu H,Zhang Y F,et al.Effects of cerium nitrate on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Pseudostellaria heterophylla[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2017,41(4):71-79.
[2]刘鑫.美国山核桃引种适应性及花芽分化机理研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.Liu X.Study on adaptability of introduction and mechanisms of flower bud diffrentiation of Carya illinoensis[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2015.
[3]曹凡,谭鹏鹏,彭方仁.美国山核桃无性繁殖技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):76-79.Cao F,Tan P P,Peng F R.Research progress of vegetative propagation technology for pecan[J].World Forestry Research,2017,30(1):76-79.
[4]王益民,万福绪,胡菲,等.指数施肥对美国山核桃苗期光合生理特性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(5):187-193.Wang Y M,Wan F X,Hu F,et al.Effects of exponential fertilization on the photosynthetic physiology characteristics of Carya illinoensis seedings[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(5):187-193.
[5]姚小华,毛明振,常维霞,项金南.模拟薄壳山核桃自然散粉对浙江山核桃实生林分果实直感效应的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(3):403-411.Yao X H,Mao M Z,Chang W X,et al.A study of the fruit xenia effect of pecan pollination on hickory seeding forest by simulating natural pollination condition[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2016,38(3):403-411.
[6]何海洋,彭方仁,张瑞.不同品种美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性比较[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):19-25.He H Y,Peng F R,Zhang R.Photosynthetic characteristics of grafting plants of different pecan varieties[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2015,39(4):19-25.
[7]Sparks D.Pecan cultivars:the orchard’s foundation[J].Choice Reviews Online,1992,30(9):30-49.
[8]Mceachern G R,Stein L A,Aldred W H,et al.Texas pecan handbook[J].Southern Medical Journal,1997,103(1):7-11.
[9]Zhang R Q,Fangde L,Fang H,et al.Pecan cultivation in China[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2005,10(11):1479-1486.
[10]陈辰,何小定,秦金舟,等.4种含笑叶片叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm特性的比较[J].安徽农业大学学报,2013,40(1):32-37.Chen C,He X B,Qin J Z,et al.Comparison of chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fmcharacteristics of four michelia trees[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2013,40(1):32-37.
[11]Yang D L,Jing R L,Chang X P,et al.Quantitative trait loci mapping for chlorophyll fluorescence and associated traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum)[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2007,49(5):646-654.
[12]Yang C,Peng C,Duan J,et al.Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence and carotenoids biosynthesis to high light stress in rice seedling leaves at different leaf position[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2002,6(29):9-19.
[13]Maxwell K,Johnson G N.Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51(345):659-668.
[14]朱海军.薄壳山核桃容器苗培育关键技术研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.Zhu H J.Study on the key technique of Carya illinoensis containerized seedling[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2016.
[15]于志民,刘玮,邓志平,等.不同类型及规格育苗容器对猴樟1年生苗生长的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(12):2118-2123.Yu Z M,Liu W,Deng Z P,et al.Effects of seedling container type and size on growth of Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.annual seedlings[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2016,47(12):2118-2123.
[16]宋鹏,张懿琳,辜云杰,等.红椿半同胞家系苗期特性分析[J].浙江林业科技,2013,33(4):77-81.Song P,Zhang Y L,Gu Y J,et al.Seedling traits of Toona ciliata from different half-sib families[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2013,33(4):77-81.
[17]Van K O,Snel J F.The use of chlorophyll fluorescence nomenclature in plant stress physiology[J].Photosynthesis Research,1990,25(3):147-150.
[18]陈志成,刘晓静,刘畅,等.锐齿栎幼苗生长、光合作用和非结构性碳对遮阴和模拟光斑的响应[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):935-943.Chen Z C,liu X J,Liu C,et al.Responses of growth photosynthesis and nonstructural carbohydrate of Quercus aliena Var.acuteserrata seedlings to shading and simulated sunfleck[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(4):935-943.
[19]刘宝,陈存及,林达定,等.21个闽楠种源叶片光合色素含量及叶绿素荧光参数分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(1):115-121.Liu B,Chen C J,Lin D D,et al.Analyses of photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter in leaves of 21 provenances of Phoebe bournei[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2014,36(1):115-121.
[20]周广生,梅方竹,周竹青,等.小麦不同品种耐湿性生理指标综合评价及其预测[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(11):1378-1382.Zhou G S,Mei F Z,Zhou Z Q,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and forecast on physiological indices of waterlogging resistance of different wheat varieties[J].Scientia Agricultural Sinica,2003,36(11):1378-1382.
[21]吕芳德,徐德聪,蒋瑶.美国山核桃无性系叶绿素的荧光特性[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2006,26(2):13-16.Lu F D,Xu D C,Jiang Y.Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of engrafted seedlings of 12 different pecan clones[J].Journal of Central South Forestry University,2006,26(2):13-16.
[22]郑蓉,黄耀华,连巧霞,等.刚竹属13个竹种叶绿素荧光特性比较[J].江西农业大学学报,2008,30(2):263-267.Zhang R,Huang X H,Liang Q X,et al.Compared on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of thirteen species of phyllostachys[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2008,30(2):263-267.
[23]李延菊,李宪利,张序,等.3个扁桃品种的光合特性[J].林业科学,2006,42(11):23-28.Li Y J,Li X L,Zhang X,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of three cultivars of almond(Amygdalus communis)[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2006,42(11):23-28.
[24]李冬梅,葛云花.淹水胁迫对紫丁香幼苗叶片PSⅡ光化学活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(13):3787-3790.Li D M,Ge Y H.Effects of flooding stress on PSⅡphotochemistry activity in leaves of Syringa oblata seedlings[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2014,42(13):3787-3790.
[25]李秋利,高登涛,魏志峰.桃幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性和抗氧化酶活性对二氧化硫胁迫的响应[J].果树学报,2018,35(11):1374-1384.Li Q L,Gao D T,Wei Z F.Response of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities in peach leaves to sulfur dioxide stress[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2018,351(11):1374-1384.
[26]马迎莉,谷慧,张雨峰,等.稀土铈对太子参生长和光合特性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(4):71-79.Ma Y L,Gu H,Zhang Y F,et al.Effects of cerium nitrate on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Pseudostellaria heterophylla[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2017,41(4):71-79.
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