外源二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠对花期淹水大豆碳代谢的影响
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摘要
为了研究二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDTC)对大豆碳水化合物代谢的调节作用,为大豆抗渍涝栽培提供技术支持,本研究以渍涝敏感型大豆品种徐豆18和耐渍涝品种南农1138-2为材料,采用盆栽的方式,花期淹水前喷施DDTC,调查大豆叶片光合特性、蔗糖代谢酶活性及叶片、根系和根瘤中碳水化合物含量。结果表明:淹水胁迫降低了植株地上部、根系和根瘤干物重,叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr),根系中淀粉含量、根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量。其中,南农1138-2植株干物重,叶片光合气体交换参数以及根系中淀粉含量比徐豆18下降幅度小,而两品种间根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量下降幅度基本一致。与之不同,叶片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)(合成方向)活性、SS(分解方向)、酸性转化酶(AI)活性,叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量,根系中可溶性糖、蔗糖含量增加。其中,南农1138-2叶片中蔗糖合成酶(SS)(分解方向)和酸性转化酶(AI)活性、可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量增幅较小,而叶片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、SS(合成方向)活性增幅较大。DDTC处理提高了淹水胁迫下两品种植株干物重,缓解了淹水胁迫对大豆植株生长的抑制;提高了叶片光合气体交换参数,叶片中SPS和SS(合成方向)活性,并降低了SS(分解方向)和AI活性,促进了淹水胁迫下叶片中蔗糖向根系和根瘤的转运; DDTC处理也增加了根系中可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量,根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量,表明DDTC处理在调控淹水胁迫下大豆植株生长和碳代谢生理过程中起着重要的作用。
Two soybean( Glycine max) varieties Xudou 18( waterlogging-sensitive) and Nannong 1138-2( waterlogging-tolerant) were used to study the regulation effect of spraying sodium diethyldithiocarbamate( DDTC) on photosynthetic indexes,activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes of leaves and contents of carbohydrates in leaves,roots and nodules. The results showed that waterlogging stress resulted in an obvious decrease in shoot dry weight,root dry weight and nodule dry weight of soybean plants,net photosynthetic rate( Pn),stomatal conductance( Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration( Ci),transpiration rate( Tr) of leaves,starch content of roots and sucrose and starch contents of nodules. Nannong 1138-2 had smaller decrease in plant dry weight,gas exchange parameters and starch content of roots than Xudou 18,while there was a similar change in sucrose and starch contents of nodules between two varieties. Conversely,waterlogging stress significantly increased sucrose phosphate synthetase( SPS),sucrose synthetase( SS)( synthesis),SS( cleavage),acid invertase( AI) activities and solube sugars,sucrose and starch contents of leaves and solube sugars and sucrose contents of roots. Nannong1138-2 exhibited smaller increase in activities of SS( cleavage),AI and concentrations of solube sugars,sucrose and starch of leaves,but a greater increase in SPS and SS( synthesis) activities of leaves. DDTC treatment increased plant dry weight of two varieties under waterlogging stress,and thus alleviated the growth inhibition of waterlogging stress on soybean plants. DDTC treatment increased gas exchange parameters of leaves,the activities of SPS and SS( synthesis) and decreased the activity of SS( cleavage) of leaves,and further improving the transportation of sucrose from leaves to roots and nodules under waterlogging stress. In addition,DDTC treatment increased soluble sugars,sucrose and starch contents of roots and sucrose and starch contents of nodules,indicating that DDTC treatment played an important role in the regulation of growth and physiological process of carbon metabolism of soybean plants under waterlogging stress.
Two soybean( Glycine max) varieties Xudou 18( waterlogging-sensitive) and Nannong 1138-2( waterlogging-tolerant) were used to study the regulation effect of spraying sodium diethyldithiocarbamate( DDTC) on photosynthetic indexes,activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes of leaves and contents of carbohydrates in leaves,roots and nodules. The results showed that waterlogging stress resulted in an obvious decrease in shoot dry weight,root dry weight and nodule dry weight of soybean plants,net photosynthetic rate( Pn),stomatal conductance( Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration( Ci),transpiration rate( Tr) of leaves,starch content of roots and sucrose and starch contents of nodules. Nannong 1138-2 had smaller decrease in plant dry weight,gas exchange parameters and starch content of roots than Xudou 18,while there was a similar change in sucrose and starch contents of nodules between two varieties. Conversely,waterlogging stress significantly increased sucrose phosphate synthetase( SPS),sucrose synthetase( SS)( synthesis),SS( cleavage),acid invertase( AI) activities and solube sugars,sucrose and starch contents of leaves and solube sugars and sucrose contents of roots. Nannong1138-2 exhibited smaller increase in activities of SS( cleavage),AI and concentrations of solube sugars,sucrose and starch of leaves,but a greater increase in SPS and SS( synthesis) activities of leaves. DDTC treatment increased plant dry weight of two varieties under waterlogging stress,and thus alleviated the growth inhibition of waterlogging stress on soybean plants. DDTC treatment increased gas exchange parameters of leaves,the activities of SPS and SS( synthesis) and decreased the activity of SS( cleavage) of leaves,and further improving the transportation of sucrose from leaves to roots and nodules under waterlogging stress. In addition,DDTC treatment increased soluble sugars,sucrose and starch contents of roots and sucrose and starch contents of nodules,indicating that DDTC treatment played an important role in the regulation of growth and physiological process of carbon metabolism of soybean plants under waterlogging stress.
引文
[1]李茂松,李森,李育慧.中国近50年洪涝灾害灾情分析[J].中国农业气象,2004,25(1):38-41.
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[4]张洪鹏,张盼盼,李冰,等.烯效唑对淹水胁迫下大豆叶片光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(5):611-618.
[5]杨长琴,刘瑞显,张国伟,等.花铃期渍水对棉铃对位叶蔗糖代谢及铃重的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(5):908-914.
[6] Kuai J,Liu Z,Wang Y,et al. Waterlogging during flower-ing and boll forming stages affects sucrose metabolism inthe leaves subtending the cotton boll and its relationshipwith boll weight[J]. Plant Sci,2014,223:79-98.
[7] Liao C T,Lin C H. Physiological adaptation of crop plantsto flooding stress[J]. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub ChinaB,2001,25(3):148-157.
[8]郝云红,胡艳丽,沈向,等.外源硝态氮提高淹水甜樱桃根系糖含量及蔗糖相关酶活性[J].园艺学报,2009,36(7):937-944.
[9] Christiane F S,Trevor G,Sergey S. Nutritional and chloro-phyll fluorescence responses of lucerne(Medicago sativa)to waterlogging and subsequent recovery[J]. Plant Soil,2005,270:31-45.
[10] Hirano T,Uchida N,Azuma T,et al. Relationship be-tween export rate of photoassimilates and activation stateof sucrose phosphate synthase in submerged floating rice[J]. Jpn J Crop Sci,1997,66:675-681.
[11] Sairam R K,Dharmar K,Chinnusamy V,et al. Waterlog-ging-induced increase in sugar mobilization,fermenta-tion and related gene expression in the roots of mungbean(Vigna radiata)[J]. J Plant Physiol,2009,166:602-616.
[12]王彩洁,李伟,张礼凤,等.黄淮海地区主栽大豆品种耐涝性比较研究[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(5):23-27.
[13]吴长艾,孟庆伟,邹琦,等.小麦不同品种叶片对光氧化胁迫响应的比较研究[J].作物学报,2003,29(3):339-344.
[14]单宁伟,金基石,赵喜亭,等.切花月季Samantha失水胁迫耐性与其超氧化物歧化酶之间的关联[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(7):1 431-1 438.
[15]魏玉香,李永红,谷茂,等.鸡冠花幼苗热胁迫耐性与其之间的关联[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(10):2 055-2 061.
[16]田一丹.苗期涝后叶面喷施DDTC对大豆生长和生理特性的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.
[17]任孟. DDTC对苗期淹水大豆生理特性和成熟期产量品质的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[18]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[19]赵福成,景立权,陆大雷,等.超甜玉米籽粒糖分积累和蔗糖代谢酶活性动态变化[J].核农学报,2014,28(12):2 230-2 237.
[20]赵福成,景立权,闫发宝,等.灌浆期高温胁迫对甜玉米籽粒糖分积累和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(9):1 644-1 651.
[21]邢兴华,徐泽俊,齐玉军,等.外源α-萘乙酸对花期干旱大豆碳代谢的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(4):1 215-1 224.
[22]李合生.植物生理生化原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[23] Malik A,Colmer T D,Lambers H,et al. Short-term wa-terlogging has long-term effects on the growth andphysiology of wheat[J]. New Physiol,2002,153:225-236.
[24] Farrar J,Pollock C,Gallagher J. Sucrose and the integra-tion of metabolism in vascular plants[J]. Plant Sci,2000,154:1-11.
[25]王文泉,张福锁.高等植物厌氧适应的生理及分子机制[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37:63-70.
[26] Islam M A,Macdonald S E. Ecophysiological adaptationsof black spruce(Picea mariana)and tamarack(Larixlaricina)seedlings to flooding[J]. Trees,2004,18:35-42.
[27]陶霞,李慧琳,万林,等.叶面喷施吲哚乙酸对油菜蕾薹期渍水的缓解效应[J].中国油料作物学报,2015,37(1):55-61.
[28]康云艳,杨暹,郭世荣,等. 24-表油菜素内酯对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗碳水化合物代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(12):2 495-2 503.
[29] Chen H J,Qualls R G,Blank R R. Effect of soil floodingon photosynthesis,carbohydrate partitioning and nutrientuptake in the invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium[J]. A-quatic Botany,2005,82(4):250-268.
[30] Gravatt D A,Kirby C J. Patterns of photosynthesis andstarch allocation in seedlings of four bottomland hard-wood tree species subjected to flooding[J]. Tree Physi-ol,1998,18:411-417.
[31] Mustroph A,Albrecht G. Tolerance of crop plants to oxy-gen deficiency stress:fermentative activity and photosyn-thetic capacity of entire seedlings under hypoxia and an-oxia[J]. Physiologia plantarum,2003,117(4):508-520.
[32] Shimamura S,Mochizuki T,Nada Y,et al. Secondary ae-renchyma formation and its relation to nitrogen fixation inroot nodules of soybean plants(Glycine max)grown un-der flooded conditions[J]. Plant Prod Sci,2002,5:294-300.
[33] Maekawa T,Shimamura S,Shimada S. Effects of short-term waterlogging on soybean nodule nitrogen fixation atdifferent soil reductions and temperatures[J]. Plant ProdSci,2011,14:349-358.
[34] Fujikake H,Yamazaki A,Ohtake N,et al. Quick and re-versible inhibition of soybean root nodule growth by ni-trate involves a decrease in sucrose supply to nodules[J]. J Exp Bot,2003,54(386):1 379-1 388.
[35] Gunho J,Matsunami T,Oki Y,et al. Effects of waterlog-ging on nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in supernod-ulating soybean cultivar Kanto 100[J]. Plant Prod Sci,2008,11(3):291-297.
[36]邢兴华,方传文,齐玉军,等.外源二乙基二硫代氮基甲醇钠对初花期淹水大豆根系氮代谢的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2018,40(4):533-543.
[2]施美芬,曾波,申建红,等.植物水淹适应与碳水化合物的相关性[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(7):855-866.
[3]任佰朝,朱玉玲,李霞,等.大田淹水对夏玉米光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(2):329-338.
[4]张洪鹏,张盼盼,李冰,等.烯效唑对淹水胁迫下大豆叶片光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(5):611-618.
[5]杨长琴,刘瑞显,张国伟,等.花铃期渍水对棉铃对位叶蔗糖代谢及铃重的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(5):908-914.
[6] Kuai J,Liu Z,Wang Y,et al. Waterlogging during flower-ing and boll forming stages affects sucrose metabolism inthe leaves subtending the cotton boll and its relationshipwith boll weight[J]. Plant Sci,2014,223:79-98.
[7] Liao C T,Lin C H. Physiological adaptation of crop plantsto flooding stress[J]. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub ChinaB,2001,25(3):148-157.
[8]郝云红,胡艳丽,沈向,等.外源硝态氮提高淹水甜樱桃根系糖含量及蔗糖相关酶活性[J].园艺学报,2009,36(7):937-944.
[9] Christiane F S,Trevor G,Sergey S. Nutritional and chloro-phyll fluorescence responses of lucerne(Medicago sativa)to waterlogging and subsequent recovery[J]. Plant Soil,2005,270:31-45.
[10] Hirano T,Uchida N,Azuma T,et al. Relationship be-tween export rate of photoassimilates and activation stateof sucrose phosphate synthase in submerged floating rice[J]. Jpn J Crop Sci,1997,66:675-681.
[11] Sairam R K,Dharmar K,Chinnusamy V,et al. Waterlog-ging-induced increase in sugar mobilization,fermenta-tion and related gene expression in the roots of mungbean(Vigna radiata)[J]. J Plant Physiol,2009,166:602-616.
[12]王彩洁,李伟,张礼凤,等.黄淮海地区主栽大豆品种耐涝性比较研究[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(5):23-27.
[13]吴长艾,孟庆伟,邹琦,等.小麦不同品种叶片对光氧化胁迫响应的比较研究[J].作物学报,2003,29(3):339-344.
[14]单宁伟,金基石,赵喜亭,等.切花月季Samantha失水胁迫耐性与其超氧化物歧化酶之间的关联[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(7):1 431-1 438.
[15]魏玉香,李永红,谷茂,等.鸡冠花幼苗热胁迫耐性与其之间的关联[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(10):2 055-2 061.
[16]田一丹.苗期涝后叶面喷施DDTC对大豆生长和生理特性的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.
[17]任孟. DDTC对苗期淹水大豆生理特性和成熟期产量品质的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[18]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[19]赵福成,景立权,陆大雷,等.超甜玉米籽粒糖分积累和蔗糖代谢酶活性动态变化[J].核农学报,2014,28(12):2 230-2 237.
[20]赵福成,景立权,闫发宝,等.灌浆期高温胁迫对甜玉米籽粒糖分积累和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(9):1 644-1 651.
[21]邢兴华,徐泽俊,齐玉军,等.外源α-萘乙酸对花期干旱大豆碳代谢的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(4):1 215-1 224.
[22]李合生.植物生理生化原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[23] Malik A,Colmer T D,Lambers H,et al. Short-term wa-terlogging has long-term effects on the growth andphysiology of wheat[J]. New Physiol,2002,153:225-236.
[24] Farrar J,Pollock C,Gallagher J. Sucrose and the integra-tion of metabolism in vascular plants[J]. Plant Sci,2000,154:1-11.
[25]王文泉,张福锁.高等植物厌氧适应的生理及分子机制[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37:63-70.
[26] Islam M A,Macdonald S E. Ecophysiological adaptationsof black spruce(Picea mariana)and tamarack(Larixlaricina)seedlings to flooding[J]. Trees,2004,18:35-42.
[27]陶霞,李慧琳,万林,等.叶面喷施吲哚乙酸对油菜蕾薹期渍水的缓解效应[J].中国油料作物学报,2015,37(1):55-61.
[28]康云艳,杨暹,郭世荣,等. 24-表油菜素内酯对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗碳水化合物代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(12):2 495-2 503.
[29] Chen H J,Qualls R G,Blank R R. Effect of soil floodingon photosynthesis,carbohydrate partitioning and nutrientuptake in the invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium[J]. A-quatic Botany,2005,82(4):250-268.
[30] Gravatt D A,Kirby C J. Patterns of photosynthesis andstarch allocation in seedlings of four bottomland hard-wood tree species subjected to flooding[J]. Tree Physi-ol,1998,18:411-417.
[31] Mustroph A,Albrecht G. Tolerance of crop plants to oxy-gen deficiency stress:fermentative activity and photosyn-thetic capacity of entire seedlings under hypoxia and an-oxia[J]. Physiologia plantarum,2003,117(4):508-520.
[32] Shimamura S,Mochizuki T,Nada Y,et al. Secondary ae-renchyma formation and its relation to nitrogen fixation inroot nodules of soybean plants(Glycine max)grown un-der flooded conditions[J]. Plant Prod Sci,2002,5:294-300.
[33] Maekawa T,Shimamura S,Shimada S. Effects of short-term waterlogging on soybean nodule nitrogen fixation atdifferent soil reductions and temperatures[J]. Plant ProdSci,2011,14:349-358.
[34] Fujikake H,Yamazaki A,Ohtake N,et al. Quick and re-versible inhibition of soybean root nodule growth by ni-trate involves a decrease in sucrose supply to nodules[J]. J Exp Bot,2003,54(386):1 379-1 388.
[35] Gunho J,Matsunami T,Oki Y,et al. Effects of waterlog-ging on nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in supernod-ulating soybean cultivar Kanto 100[J]. Plant Prod Sci,2008,11(3):291-297.
[36]邢兴华,方传文,齐玉军,等.外源二乙基二硫代氮基甲醇钠对初花期淹水大豆根系氮代谢的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2018,40(4):533-543.
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