论我国人工智能的法治化进程:现状、挑战与革新
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摘要
人工智能技术的飞速发展,改变了现行法律体系的运作机制。大数据与算法歧视正在重构法律的治理与监管方式,司法机关亦在科学量刑与裁判效率方面追逐人工智能的价值,即便是法律责任也正在从"行为—结果"的因果关系模式逐步走向"多行为—结果"的相关性分析模式。但相较于上述法律变革,人工智能更多地展现为一种对现行法律体系的挑战,例如:人工智能对法律主体理论、知识产权体系以及法律归责机制的挑战。为了保障人类的可持续发展以及法律规范的持续性效果,我国应当构建"国家战略—基本法律—标准体系"三级人工智能规范,设立"政府主导+行业协会辅助"的监管模式,确定人工智能的分类侵权责任体系。
The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has changed the operating mechanism of the current legal system. Big data and algorithmic discrimination are reshaping the way of law governance and supervision. The judiciary also pursues the value of artificial intelligence in terms of scientific sentencing and referee efficiency. Even legal responsibility is gradually moving from the behavior-result causality model to the multi-behavior-results correlation analysis model. However, compared with the above legal changes, artificial intelligence is more of a challenge to the current legal system, such as the challenge of artificial intelligence to the theory of legal subjects, intellectual property systems and legal attribution mechanisms. In order to protect the sustainable development of human beings and the sustainable effects of legal norms, China should build a three-level artificial intelligence norm of ″National Strategy – Basic Law – Standard System″, and establish a ″Government-led + Industry Association-assisted″ regulatory model to determine classification tort liability systems of artificial intelligence.
The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has changed the operating mechanism of the current legal system. Big data and algorithmic discrimination are reshaping the way of law governance and supervision. The judiciary also pursues the value of artificial intelligence in terms of scientific sentencing and referee efficiency. Even legal responsibility is gradually moving from the behavior-result causality model to the multi-behavior-results correlation analysis model. However, compared with the above legal changes, artificial intelligence is more of a challenge to the current legal system, such as the challenge of artificial intelligence to the theory of legal subjects, intellectual property systems and legal attribution mechanisms. In order to protect the sustainable development of human beings and the sustainable effects of legal norms, China should build a three-level artificial intelligence norm of ″National Strategy – Basic Law – Standard System″, and establish a ″Government-led + Industry Association-assisted″ regulatory model to determine classification tort liability systems of artificial intelligence.
引文
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[2] 张玉洁.我国大数据法律定位的学说论争、司法立场与立法规范[J].政治与法律,2018(10):141-152.
[3] 卢护锋,刘力菁.大数据时代个人信息保护中的法律问题——基于贵州大数据建设的思考[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):80-85.
[4] 刘志坚,郭秉贵.大数据时代公共安全保障与个人信息保护的冲突与协调[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):74-79.
[5] 李本.美国司法实践中的人工智能:问题与挑战[J].中国法律评论,2018(2):54-56.
[6] 上海“智慧法院”建设再升级非法吸收存款罪等案已进入新系统试运行[EB/OL].[2018-11-09].http://www.financialnews.com.cn/gc/gz/201710/t20171031_126850.html.
[7] 曹建峰.人工智能:机器歧视及应对之策[J].信息安全与通信保密,2016(12):15-19.
[8] 张玉洁.论无人驾驶汽车的行政法规制[J].行政法学研究,2018(1):68-77.
[9] 8月CPI涨2%创12个月新高[EB/OL].[2018-11-09]. http://finance.qq.com/a/20150910/019573.htm.
[10] 竺怡冰.机器人新闻的侵权危机与责任管理[J].新闻论坛,2017(1):42-44.
[11] 王迁.论人工智能生成的内容在著作权法中的定性[J].法律科学,2017(5):148-155.
[12] 易继明.人工智能创作物是作品吗?[J].法律科学,2017(5):137-147.
[13] 微软聊天机器人发表种族歧视言论但错不在人工智能而是人类本身[EB/OL].[2018-11-09]. https://www.evolife.cn/html/2016/86804.html.
[14] 霍金预言终结人类三大方式人工智能成首要威胁[EB/OL].[2018-11-09]. http://www.kejixun.com/article/201606/178266.html.
[15] 李洪兴.人工智能如何打开未来[N].人民日报,2017-03-02(5).
[16] 林仲轩.中国特色互联网治理体系:主张、路径、实践与启示[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2018(6):32-37.
[17] BRYANT WALKER SMITH. Automated Vehicles Are Probably Legal in the United States[J]. Texas A&M Law Review, 2014(3): 411-522.