泊江海子遗鸥自然保护区湿地退化成因评估
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摘要
位于鄂尔多斯高原盐沼湿地的遗鸥国家级自然保护区近年来水面面积锐减,遗鸥生存受到威胁。通过对保护区内湖泊水量入流及出流的分析,得出桃-阿海子湖水流失的主要原因是降雨量每18年丰水期到枯水期的周期变化,同时蒸发量为降雨量的6倍,损失过大;河流上游13座拦水坝截流地表水和地下水位下降是湖泊缺水的次要因素;旅游开发及人为开采是长期因素,整体影响较小。
With the impact of the global warming and the unreasonable utilization of wetland resources by human beings, the area of lakes in Erdos Larus relictus National Nature Reserve decreased sharply, and it has threatened the survival of Larus relictus. In this paper, we analyzed the situation of in-flow and out-flow of the wetland water. We found that the main factors of water shortage in Taolimiao-Alashan lake are the periodic change of rainfall from rainy season to dry season in 18 years and evaporation is six times more than rainfall. The 13 dams in the upper reaches of the river cut off the surface water and underground water level decreases is the secondary factor of water shortage in the lake. Tourism development and artificial exploitation are long-term factors which the influence are small overall.
With the impact of the global warming and the unreasonable utilization of wetland resources by human beings, the area of lakes in Erdos Larus relictus National Nature Reserve decreased sharply, and it has threatened the survival of Larus relictus. In this paper, we analyzed the situation of in-flow and out-flow of the wetland water. We found that the main factors of water shortage in Taolimiao-Alashan lake are the periodic change of rainfall from rainy season to dry season in 18 years and evaporation is six times more than rainfall. The 13 dams in the upper reaches of the river cut off the surface water and underground water level decreases is the secondary factor of water shortage in the lake. Tourism development and artificial exploitation are long-term factors which the influence are small overall.
引文
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[2] 张巍,陈占仙,李奋荣,等.遗鸥主要繁殖栖息地气候变迁与保护预警研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016(6):34- 40.
[3] 张荫荪,陈容伯.遗鸥繁殖生境选择及其繁殖地湿地鸟类群落研究[J].动物学研究,1993,14(2):128- 135.
[4] 辛展.鄂尔多斯高原遗鸥保护区水环境研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[5] 吴渊,张海,张有强,等.河北张家口康巴诺尔湖国家湿地公园遗鸥繁殖群新发现[J].动物学杂志,2016,51(4):668- 670.
[6] 刘畅,唐克旺,王浩.陕北红碱淖湖泊变化和生态需水初步研究[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(3):304- 309.
[7] 邢小军,于向芝,白兆勇,等.鄂尔多斯遗鸥自然保护区湿地水量平衡分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(6):100- 103.
[8] 李均力,陈曦,包安明.2003—2009年中亚地区湖泊水位变化的时空特征[J].地理学报,2011,66(9):1219- 1229.
[9] 王德潜,刘祖植,尹立河.鄂尔多斯盆地水文地质特征及地下水系统分析[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(1):6- 14.
[10] 郑玉峰,王占义,方彪,等.鄂尔多斯市2005-2014年地下水位变化[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):1036- 1040.
[11] 王德潜,刘方,侯光才,等.鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查[J].西北地质,2002,35(4):167- 174.
[12] 梁康,娄华君,程传周.鄂尔多斯泊江海子流域地下水流特征[J].资源科学,2011,33(6):1089- 1098.
[13] 司宏奋.乌日图矿区环境地质灾害分析与防治措施[J].企业导报,2012(16):292.
[14] 曹慧玲.对露天矿开采地下水环境的探讨[J].华北国土资源,2014(3):109- 110.